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天然气运移的气体同位素地球化学示踪 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
本文通过鄂尔多斯等含油气盆地内岩石酸解烃、罐顶气和同源多产层天然气碳同位素组成的变化，从实例剖析出发，探讨了天然气运移时气体同位素组成的变化及其对天然气运移的示踪。天然气在通过沉积地层中孔隙系统和微裂隙运移时，天然气中的甲烷碳同位素会发生一定的分馏，而乙烷以上重烃碳同位素几乎不发生分馏；在天然气层所在深度，罐顶气甲烷碳同位素组成与天然气一致，在天然气层附近，罐顶气甲烷碳同位素则明显偏离了热演化趋势线；烃源岩酸解烃与其同源的天然气重烃碳同位素组成具有较好的一致性和可比性。由此，可利用气体组分碳同位素的上述变化特征，追索天然气的运移作用。 相似文献
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为探索顶空气轻烃技术在陆域冻土区天然气水合物地球化学勘查中的应用,选择祁连山木里已知天然气水合物矿区和哈拉湖未知区作为方法技术的试验区.试验指标包括土壤顶空气、土壤酸解烃、岩芯顶空气轻烃测井、甲烷碳同位素.研究表明:祁连山木里已知天然气水合物矿藏上方,土壤顶空气轻烃组分以甲烷为主,甲烷所占比例非常高,90.6％的样品C1含量都在78％以上,甲烷含量显著高于常规油气盆地;未发现天然气水合物的哈拉湖试验区,无明显的土壤顶空气轻烃异常现象.顶空气轻烃异常模式为:平面上,矿藏上方近地表土壤中存在明显的顶空气甲烷强异常;剖面上,在天然气水合物稳定带上方呈现"前缘晕"异常特征;其空间分布与祁连山水合物矿藏展布空间具有套合关系.甲烷碳同位素和烃类组成判断地表油气化探异常为热解成因,与祁连山冻土区天然气水合物的气体为同一成因来源.陆域冻土区天然气水合物顶空气轻烃地球化学勘查技术试验结果表明:顶空气轻烃地球化学方法既可以判断水合物成因类型,也可以圈出水合物矿藏范围. 相似文献
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天然气运移的气体组分的地球化学示踪 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
本文通过我国不同含油气盆地典型地区岩石酸解气、罐顶气和天然气中化学组分分析,结合天然气的形成和盆地的地质演化,研究了天然气运移时组分的变化。结果表明,天然气通过地层孔隙系统运移时,组分会发生明显分馏,表现在甲烷相对重烃、异构丁烷相对正构丁烷的优先迁移。酸解气、罐顶气和成藏天然气中C1/C2+、iC4/nC4及总烃/非烃等比值,是天然气运移示踪的有效指标。 相似文献
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摘要：土壤游离烃技术通过直接检测受地表景观介质变化影响小的游离态轻烃异常来获取地下油气信息。塔里木盆地试验区已知油气藏上方具有良好的游离烃化探异常显示,干燥系数在840~1989之间,显示游离烃异常与深部油气的热演化相关。土壤游离烃组分平衡系数、湿度系数、特征系数等指标预测与判断地下油气藏性质的结果与实际地质结果相吻合。近地表游离烃的甲烷/丙烷指标均值高达25~116,由北向南依次增大,说明油气藏埋藏深度依次增大。丁烷异构比和戊烷异构比特征显示雅克拉油气区有机质成熟度最高。结果表明：游离烃的轻烃组分和含量变化特征能够预测与判断地下油气藏的位置、性质、有机质成熟度和保存条件。 相似文献
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高精度地表油气化探技术的发展及应用--以济阳凹陷垛石桥地区土壤酸解烃为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
酸解烃技术是油气化探的一个重要方法,在常规的油气化探中被普遍应用,然而多解性一直影响其应用效果。本文选择济阳凹陷垛石桥地区作为研究区,利用改进的酸解烃技术,分析研究区已知背景区和产油气区土壤中的酸解烃含量及其碳同位素特征,以验证改进酸解烃技术在复杂含油气区块油气化探工作中的有效性,为油气化探提供高精度的技术方法。研究结果表明,垛石桥地区地表土壤酸解烃中甲烷的含量受干扰因素较多,与下伏油气藏没有明显的对应关系;而乙烷和丙烷等重烃含量与下伏油气藏的对应关系较好,可以较好地揭示深部油气运移的贡献。另外,该地区土壤酸解烃的组成特征指示其深部油气源以油藏为主,部分为凝析油藏,与实际地质情况较为吻合,表明改进的酸解烃技术可以作为复杂含油气区块指示深部油气藏的有效化探方法。 相似文献
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松辽盆地松科1井青山口组沉积有机质特征及生烃潜力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对松辽盆地陆相白垩系科学钻孔松科1井青山口组连续取芯剖面开展了一系列有机地球化学分析,从有机质丰度、烃类组成、萜类生物标志物及岩石热解参数等方面对该层段沉积有机质组成分布特征和生烃潜力进行了系统研究。结果显示,松辽盆地青山口组有机质类型、丰度组成具有明显的阶段性分布;松科1井所在区域的青一段和青二三段底部总厚153．64m的沉积层段有机质丰度高,有机碳含量在2．32％～5．24％之间,有机质类型以腐泥质I型为主。IH指数在355～594mg／g之间,生烃潜力指数在11．8—27．0mg／g之间,是具有极高生烃潜力的优质烃源岩;青二三段中上部有机碳含量相对较低,岩石热解参数显示有机质类型以Ⅱ-Ⅲ型为主,其中顶部以Ⅲ型为主,中部以Ⅱ型为主;综合生烃潜力指数表明青二三段中下部仍具有一定的生烃潜力,属于中等至良好烃源岩。TOC与,H相关性显示有机质特征在剖面上的阶段性变化可能主要受原始有机质埋藏保存条件的控制,即在沉积环境条件不利于有机质埋葬保存时,有机质被大量氧化分解,造成有机质丰度降低、有机质类型变差;而当水体沉积环境有利于有机质埋藏保存时,大量有机质的堆积保存导致优质烃源岩的形成。要强调指出的是,松科1井所在区域青二三段底部厚达80m富有机质沉积是与青一段性质、厚度相当的优质富有机质烃源岩,应作为松辽盆地扩大油气资源潜力的重点勘探评价方向予以重视。 相似文献
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《地球化学》2019,(6)
通过建立长宁地区五峰-龙马溪组优质页岩段地质模型和页岩吸附模型,利用PetroMod软件模拟计算了页岩吸附能力及其油气吸附过程的演化,系统研究了区域构造-热演化对页岩吸附能力、页岩内部油气组成变化,以及油气吸附过程的影响。模拟结果显示,有机质丰度是影响页岩吸附能力的关键因素,页岩的生烃和有机质丰度的降低通常会伴随着页岩吸附能力的降低,而常规地质条件下的温压变化对页岩吸附能力的影响有限。长宁地区五峰-龙马溪组页岩气成藏经历了4个构造演化阶段,其页岩吸附能力及油气吸附过程同样受控于这4个阶段:分别包括沉积成岩期(晚加里东-早海西期)、早成藏期(晚海西-印支期)、主成藏期(燕山早期)和调整期(燕山-喜马拉雅期)。根据4个构造演化阶段我们进一步将五峰-龙马溪组优质页岩段的油气吸附过程划分为液态烃不饱和吸附(小于7.0万t/km2)、液态烃饱和吸附(7.0～24.5万t/km2)、液态烃-气态烃饱和吸附(24.5～23.5万t/km2)和气态烃饱和吸附(23.5～24.3万t/km2)。其中,气态烃吸附过程主要发生在后3个阶段,具体表现为:早成藏期(干燥系数小于50%,含气量小于0.30 m3/t),页岩开始大量生成以吸附态为主的气态烃,成分以乙烷和C3+为主,甲烷含量低;主成藏期(干燥系数50%～95%,含气量0.30～2.73 m3/t),液态烃大量裂解生成甲烷,导致甲烷吸附气量迅速升高至21万t/km2,而乙烷和C3+的吸附气量经历了先增大后减小的过程并最终稳定在1万t/km2左右;调整期(干燥系数大于等于95%,含气量大于等于2.73m3/t),甲烷吸附气量从21万t/km2缓慢上升到最终的21.56万t/km2,而乙烷和C3+的吸附气量分别稳定在1万t/km2左右。值得注意的是,虽然模拟的甲烷吸附气量与实际相符,但是模拟的甲烷游离气量以及干燥系数却明显小于模拟结果。这是因为在实际地质条件下,甲烷更高的浓度和更强的运移扩散能力使得游离态甲烷能够在有利位置进一步富集,形成高游离气含量、高干燥系数的页岩气藏。 相似文献
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酸解烃是油气化探方法中准确度相对较高的一项指标,已得到广泛的应用,深入研究酸解气有助于对其机理的进一步解释,并且有利于开发新的分析指标。本文利用气相色谱法测定了油气化探样品经盐酸分解后所得气体中烃类组分与非烃气体组分的含量,发现了酸解气中甲烷与氢气的含量具有正相关性。进而通过X射线荧光光谱和X射线衍射分析样品的元素和矿物组成、样品再粉碎分析以及激光拉曼光谱分析包裹体成分等实验,获得以下结论:(1)酸解气中的甲烷和氢气含量与样品元素组成无关,与碳酸盐矿物正相关,其含量可以反映深部油气的情况;(2)两种气体并不是以物理吸附形式存在于样品中,而是存在于更小的空间内,证明了酸解烃分析方法具有相当高的稳定性;(3)获得了甲烷和氢气同时存在于包裹体的直接证据,由此推测这两种气体可能具有同源性。由于甲烷和氢气含量相关性的存在,酸解脱气中氢气的含量测定有望成为油气化探的新指标,应用于油气资源调查。 相似文献
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松辽盆地大陆深部科学钻探工程"松科二井"获得了最完整的沙河子组地层岩心,初步识别出深部页岩气气测异常43层,累计厚度102 m,显示出沙河子组地层具有良好的深部能源前景。为进一步分析松辽盆地沙河子组地层油气资源潜力,本文在前人研究的基础上,结合松科二井测井、岩心数据和地震数据,分析松科二井邻域沙河子组地层的层序特征和空间展布,同时以随钻录井记录到的气测异常为出发点,分析沙河子组地层的测井和地震响应。结果显示:松科二井邻域沙河子组地层具有厚度大、横向延续小的地层展布特点,根据测井、岩心及地震数据,将沙河子组地层分为4个三级层序:SQ1、SQ2、SQ3和SQ4,其中顶部SQ4层序具有较好的油气前景,其岩性以泥岩为主,并具有相对较高孔隙度、低波阻抗的测井曲线特征,在地震剖面上表现为连续强振幅,阻抗反演剖面上存在局部低波阻抗特征,揭示了该区沙河子组深层天然气资源的赋存条件。 相似文献
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松辽盆地沙河子组存在多段气测异常,显示了该地层具有致密气勘探潜力,但研究区深层致密储层非均质性强、厚度薄、互层发育且类型多样。在松科2井常规测井曲线分析基础上,利用元素俘获能谱精细反演矿物组分含量,对地层岩性进行准确识别,并建立了元素交汇图识别出5种类型储层。结合岩石物理实验资料,得到地层的变骨架孔隙度、脆性指数、有机碳含量等储层评价参数,依据气测资料及综合评价指数将储层分为三大类。研究结果表明:沙河子组地层(3 730~4 500 m)孔隙度主要分布在5%~9%,脆性指数主要分布在45%~60%,临近烃源岩TOC含量普遍较高且累计厚度较大,识别出3 798 ~3 831 m、3 950~3 990 m、4 150~4 200 m是具有勘探开发潜力的有利致密气层段。利用元素俘获能谱评价致密气储层结果准确,能为深层致密气储层优选及压裂改造提供参考依据。 相似文献
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《China Geology》2018,1(2):173-186
The Songke No.2 well (eastern hole) (referred to as Well SK-2), one of the “two wells and four holes” of the Deep Continental Scientific Drilling Engineering Project in the Songliao Basin, is in Anda City, Heilongjiang Province, and was officially completed on May 26, 2018. The scientific goals of Well SK-2 cover four aspects: paleoclimate research, resource and energy exploration, primary geological research, and development of deep earth exploration techniques. Since the official commencement of drilling in 2014, the Well SK-2 scientific drilling engineering team has organized and implemented drilling for coring, in situ logging, chemical analysis of core elements, and deep structural exploration around the well. Currently, the following preliminary scientific research progress has been made: 4334.81 m in situ core data has been obtained; the centimeter-level high-resolution characterization of the most complete and continuous Cretaceous continental strata ever unearthed has been completed, and the standard profile of continental strata has been initially established; the unconventional natural gas resources and basin-type hot dry rocks in the deep Songliao Basin were found to have good prospects for exploration and development; the climatic evolutionary history of the Cretaceous continental strata was rebuilt for the first time, covering hundreds of thousands to millions of years, and the major events of Cretaceous climate fluctuations have been discovered; all these reveal strong evidence for the subduction and aggregation of paleo-ocean plates, providing a theoretical basis for the re-recognition of the genesis of the Songliao Basin and for deep earth oil and gas exploration. The implementation of the Deep Continental Scientific Drilling Engineering Project in the Songliao Basin is of great significance for exploring the mysteries of the Earth and solving major problems such as those related to the deep energy environment. It is a solid step along the road of “going deep into the Earth”. 相似文献
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中国非常规油气勘探与研究新进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
全球油气勘探目标的转移和石油地质学的发展,具有从毫-微米孔喉的圈闭油气,逐渐向纳米孔喉的连续型油气聚集发展的趋势。近十年非常规油气资源在全球能源格局中的地位愈发重要,致密气、煤层气、重油、沥青砂等已成为勘探开发的重点领域,致密油成为亮点领域,页岩气成为热点领域。中国致密气、页岩气、致密油、煤层气等非常规油气资源勘探开发取得重要突破,油页岩、天然气水合物、油砂矿等有重要进展。中国非常规油气研究也取得重大进展,陆相敞流湖盆大型浅水三角洲砂体、湖盆中心砂质碎屑流沉积和湖相碳酸盐岩等,提供了湖盆中心储集体形成和分布的理论依据;创新发展了连续型油气聚集理念,明晰了连续型油气聚集的10个基本地质特征和2项关键标志,为大面积非常规油气规模勘探开发奠定了理论基础;系统表征了致密油气储层的纳米级微观孔喉结构,首次发现了纳米孔喉中油气的赋存,推动了纳米孔喉中油气流动机制和分布规律的研究。随着全球石油工业和纳米等技术的快速发展,提出了"纳米油气"概念,并指出这是未来石油工业的发展方向,需要发展纳米油气透视观测镜、纳米油气驱替剂、纳米油气开采机器人等换代技术,油气智能化时代即将到来。 相似文献
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地震波在地下介质中传播时,地震波能量会出现一定程度的衰减,品质因子Q作为衡量地下岩石吸收衰减属性的重要参数,对描述岩性特征以及预测油气分布具有重要意义。本文针对深地震反射数据,利用基于S变换谱比法的Q值分析技术,获得了更加准确的Q值。以松辽盆地沙河子组为主要目标层,对穿过松科二井的叠后深地震反射剖面进行Q值计算,生成Q值剖面,总结出沙河子组Q值分布特征,同时结合松科二井测井、分层和气测异常资料进行分析,推断沙河子组为含气储层,为下一步深部储层预测提供思路,为东北地区深地勘查工程提供服务。 相似文献
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Xiongqi Pang Chengzao Jia Junqing Chen Maowen Li Wenyang Wang Qinhong Hu Yingchun Guo Zhangxin Chen Junwen Peng Keyu Liu Keliu Wu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(2):695-711
The discovery and large-scale exploration of unconventional oil/gas resources since 1980s have been considered as the most important advancement in the history of petroleum geology;that has not only changed the balance of supply and demand in the global energy market,but also improved our understanding of the formation mechanisms and distribution characteristics of oil/gas reservoirs.However,what is the difference of conventional and unconventional resources and why they always related to each other in petroliferous basins is not clear.As the differences and correlations between unconventional and conventional resources are complex challenging issues and very critical for resources assessment and hydrocarbon exploration,this paper focused on studying the relationship of formations and distributions among different oil/gas reservoirs.Drilling results of 12,237 exploratory wells in 6 representative petroliferous basins of China and distribution characteristics for 52,926 oil/gas accumulations over the world were applied to clarify the formation conditions and genetic relations of different oil/gas reservoirs in a petroliferous basin,and then to establish a unified model to address the differences and correlations of conventional and unconventional reservoirs.In this model,conventional reservoirs formed in free hydrocarbon dynamic field with high porosity and permeability located above the boundary of hydrocarbon buoyancy-driven accumulation depth limit.Unconventional tight reservoirs formed in confined hydrocarbon dynamic field with low porosity and permeability located between hydrocarbon buoyancy-driven accumulation depth limit and hydrocarbon accumulation depth limit.Shale oil/gas reservoirs formed in the bound hydrocarbon dynamic field with low porosity and ultra-low permeability within the source rock layers.More than 75%of proved reserves around the world are discovered in the free hydrocarbon dynamic field,which is estimated to contain only 10%of originally generated hydrocarbons.Most of undiscovered resources distributed in the confined hydrocarbon dynamic field and the bound hydrocarbon dynamic field,which contains 90%of original generated hydrocarbons,implying a reasonable and promising area for future hydrocarbon explorations.The buried depths of hydrocarbon dynamic fields become shallow with the increase of heat flow,and the remaining oil/gas resources mainly exist in the deep area of“cold basin”with low geothermal gradient.Lithology changing in the hydrocarbon dynamic field causes local anomalies in the oil/gas dynamic mechanism,leading to the local formation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs in the free hydrocarbon dynamic field or the occurrence of oil/gas enrichment sweet points with high porosity and permeability in the confined hydrocarbon dynamic field.The tectonic movements destroy the medium conditions and oil/gas components,which leads to the transformation of conventional oil/gas reservoirs formed in free hydrocarbon dynamic field to unconventional ones or unconventional ones formed in confined and bound hydrocarbon dynamic fields to conventional ones. 相似文献
17.
ZOU Caineng YANG Zhi ZHU Rukai ZHANG Guosheng HOU Lianhu WU Songtao TAO Shizhen YUAN Xuanjun DONG Dazhong WANG Yuman WANG Lan HUANG Jinliang WANG Shufang 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(3):938-971
The new century has witnessed a strategic breakthrough in unconventional oil gas.Hydrocarbon accumulated in micro-/nano-scale pore throat shale systems has become an important domain that could replace current oil gas resources.Unconventional oil gas plays an increasingly important role in our energy demand.Tight gas,CBM,heavy oil and asphaltic sand have served as a key domain of exploration development,with tight oil becoming a 'bright spot' domain and shale gas becoming a 'hotspot' domain.China has made great breakthroughs in unconventional oil gas resources,such as tight gas,shale gas,tight oil and CBM,and great progress in oil shale,gas hydrate,heavy oil and oil sand.China has an estimated(223-263)×10~8t of unconventional oil resources and(890-1260)×l0~(12)m~3 of gas resources.China has made a breakthrough for progress in unconventional oil gas study.New progress achieved in fine-grained sedimentary studies related to continental open lacustrine basin large-scale shallow-water delta sand bodies,lacustrine basin central sandy clastic flow sediments and marine-continental fine-grained sediments provide a theoretical basis for the formation and distribution of basin central reservoir bodies.Great breakthroughs have been made in unconventional reservoir geology in respect of research methodology technology,multi-scale data merging and physical simulation of formation conditions.Overall characterization of unconventional reservoirs via multi-method and multi-scale becomes increasingly popular and facilitates the rapid development of unconventional oil gas geological theory,method and technology.The formation of innovative,continuous hydrocarbon accumulation theory,the establishment of the framework of the unconventional oil gas geological theory system,and the determination of the implications,geological feature,formation mechanism,distribution rule and core technology of unconventional oil gas geological study lays a theoretical foundation for extensive unconventional oil gas exploration and development.Theories and technologies of unconventional oil gas exploration and development developed rapidly,including some key evaluation techniques such as 'sweet spot zone' integrated evaluation and a six-property evaluation technique that uses hydrocarbon source,lithology,physical property,brittleness,hydrocarbon potential and stress anisotropy,and some key development engineering technologies including micro-seismic monitoring,horizontal drilling completion and "factory-like" operation pattern, "man-made reservoir" development,which have facilitated the innovative development of unconventional oil gas.These breakthroughs define a new understanding in four aspects:①theoretical innovation;② key technologies;③ complete market mechanism and national policy support;and ④ well-developed ground infrastructure,which are significant for prolonging the life cycle of petroleum industry,accelerating the upgrade and development of theories and technologies and altering the global traditional energy structure. 相似文献
18.
深层油气勘探是未来油气资源的重要接替领域。渤海湾盆地下伏石炭-二叠系煤系烃源岩自油气勘探取得新突破以来,一直是深层油气领域研究的热点。黄骅坳陷新部署的QG8井奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层和YG1井二叠系砂岩储层获高产凝析油气流,其来源判别问题是深层油气勘探的关键。针对QG8、YG1井凝析油气开展的生物标志化合物、有机碳稳定同位素和原油物性研究表明：两口井的凝析油均为低黏度、低密度的典型轻质原油,具有姥鲛烷优势（Pr/Ph>2.8）,QG8井凝析油饱和烃δ13C为-29.1‰、芳烃δ13C为-26.8‰;天然气δ13C1偏重,介于-39.7‰~-36.4‰之间,干燥系数大于0.8,重烃可达16.2%,为偏干湿气。QG8与YG1井凝析油特征与黄骅坳陷石炭-二叠系煤系烃源岩（饱和烃δ13C为-29.26‰~-26.87‰,芳烃δ13C为-26.62‰~-24.15‰）及KG4井原油物性（0.757 1~0.840 2 g/cm3）相近,天然气特征则相似于济阳坳陷GBG1井的煤成气（δ13C1为-43‰~-35‰）,表明高产的凝析油气来自石炭-二叠系煤系烃源岩。证实渤海湾盆地深层石炭-二叠系煤系具有生烃潜力和油气勘探前景。 相似文献
19.
中国非常规油气的战略思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文基于非常规油气的内涵,分析了致密砂岩油气和泥页岩油气的成藏地质条件,论述了非常规油气资源潜力巨大,指明中国非常规油气资源战略发展方向。研究表明,中国非常规油气藏是富集在近源储集体或烃源岩的低孔、低渗的微米级纳米级的储集空间中连续油气聚集,淡化了圈闭、油气藏边界的概念。依据成藏地质条件和油气资源潜力的差异,非常规油气藏主要指致密砂岩油气和泥页岩油气藏。致密砂岩油气藏多位于斜坡、坳陷区,具有广覆式有效烃源岩;源、储关联密切,多呈互层式;油气运移距离短,以非达西渗流为主;储集体渗透率、孔隙度极低。泥页岩油气藏圈闭概念淡化,典型的储源一体;多形成于盆地坳陷或斜坡区,泥页岩大面积连续分布;有机质丰度大,热演化成熟度高;多发育纹层结构,纳米级孔隙、裂缝储集系统;储集层脆性系数大,地层压力高。烃源岩呈现多时代、多层系、多沉积环境特征,从震旦系到第三系均有富含有机质的烃源岩发育,沉积环境囊括陆相海、陆交互相海相,非常规油气资源潜力巨大。常规与非常规油气在时、空域的紧密伴生和规律聚集,使得常规非常规油气在平面上和纵向上形成“有序聚集”体系。对“有序聚集”的不同类油气藏进行“整一化勘探、整一化部署、整一化开采”,实现常规非常规油气整一化科学有序开发,避免整体油气资源的破坏和遗漏;从而丰富油气地质理论,促进油气勘探由“点带面”向综合有序三维空间迈进。 相似文献