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近年来微气泡减阻技术应用于水面舰船的相关研究取得重要进展,许多舰船已经采用了此类技术。然而该技术在潜航器上的应用整体上仍处于理论分析和试验测试阶段。以回转体潜航器简化模型为研究对象,利用多孔介质来简化喷气小孔,并结合不可压缩水体和可压缩理想气体的流体体积（VOF）方法,建立了Realizable ε-k湍流计算模式。通过拖曳试验验证了多孔介质等效喷气小孔的合理性和数值模式的准确性,结合试验和数值结果探究了微气泡减阻技术对潜航器航行阻力的影响。数值结果显示,气泡对潜航器尾流低速区的改变使尾部压力分布产生变化从而导致压差阻力增高。同时气泡可以显著降低其覆盖区域的黏性阻力。并且随着来流速度的提高,气泡覆盖范围扩大,黏性减阻率持续增加。进一步地,建立了加长改进模型,数值模拟结果表明,微气泡减阻技术不仅能大幅减小黏性阻力,还能有效减小模型总阻力。 相似文献
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为评估气幕帘拦浑效果,开展气泡羽流、浑水异重流以及与气幕拦污室内试验。试验水深一定时,测量并分析气幕羽流产生的流场;研究气幕对浑水输运方式的影响;分析不同供气量对浑水拦截效率的影响。通过控制变量法研究,结果表明:气泡羽流速度与供气量有关,供气量小于60 L/min时,气幕所形成环流水平范围约为6倍水深;气幕会使泥沙细颗粒在向上羽流作用下来到表层,并在下游侧环流的作用下,沿水深均匀分布。气幕的拦浑效果不仅与供气量有关,也与泥沙颗粒有关,当气泡羽流速度与泥沙颗粒沉速之比足够大,气幕便具备良好拦截效果;若供气量增加至一定量,更多泥沙颗粒会通过紊动扩散的方式穿过气幕。本文对气幕拦污进行的实验研究与分析弥补了该项研究在实验方面的不足,可为气幕拦污工程应用提供支持与指导。 相似文献
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浅层气逸出到海水中的气泡声学探测方法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
针对南黄海西部等地区在海洋调查仪器上发现的海水中浅层气逸出气泡产生的声学羽流等气泡记录,首先根据水体中气泡共振发生非线性振动形成的强烈散射现象,计算了我国浅层气分布海区的常见浅层气逸出气泡共振频率范围、不同调查仪器在水深变化时的探测气泡大小,据此分析了不同调查仪器探测浅层气逸出气泡的范围。其次,根据气泡在水中的变化、运动规律,提出了浅层气逸出气泡应当具备的声学特点,排除了南黄海西部地区形成水体中特征反射的其他可能因素,并探讨了云状扰动的可能形成原因。 相似文献
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气泡帷幕在水下噪声抑制方面有非常广泛的应用。为了更好地利用气泡帷幕的衰减特性,在实验室水槽设备中采用气泵法产生气泡帷幕,通过对不同深度、气流量接收信号的时频分析,利用共振谱法对气泡分布进行反演。研究表明:(1)气泡的分布可以利用高斯分布近似描述。(2)随着深度增加,气泡含量也有略微增加。(3)气泵法产生的气泡帷幕的气流量大小对衰减的峰值所在的频段基本没有影响,但气流量的改变会影响声波衰减的强弱,气流量大的情况下,气泡帷幕对声波衰减效果更强。通过掌握气泵法生成气泡帷幕中气泡的分布规律,可以有效指导气泡帷幕的设计。 相似文献
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基于自编程序发展了一种平板近壁面通气气液两相湍流流动数值模拟方法,并对近壁面双孔通气气液两相流场进行了数值模拟分析。研究结果表明：建立的数值计算方法摆脱了对传统 RANS 湍流模型的依赖, 可以较好地捕捉气液界面的失稳现象,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。平板近壁面双孔通气气泡的掺混融合过程可以分为 3 个流动阶段：独立稳定发展阶段、初步掺混融合阶段以及充分融合阶段。流场中气泡的发展演化与旋涡结构相关,剪切层涡和反向旋转涡对在其掺混融合过程中起着主要作用。 相似文献
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文中提出了一种探测潜艇的新方法,通过分析由潜艇螺旋桨产生的气泡特有的声学特征来探测潜艇。潜艇螺旋桨产生的气泡在水中会滞留比较长的时间,分布也很广泛,这给利用尾流气泡探测潜艇提供了可行性。利用此方法探测安静型潜艇具有理论和技术上的可行性。 相似文献
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为准确探讨破碎波作用下气体如何卷入以及气泡的形成与输运特性, 文章结合粒子图像测速技术(particle image velocimetry, PIV)、高速相机和气泡测量系统, 以及基于Navier-Stokes方程的三维数值模型对气泡形成及其运动过程进行研究。研究结果表明: 文章建立的数值模型能合理地捕捉到破碎波作用下气体的卷入及其输运过程; 波浪的破碎会形成较大的气腔, 其破裂过程又将产生大量的气体微团; 气泡会增加水体的紊动, 造成水体与空气交界面附近形成大量的漩涡以及水体的飞溅; 气泡的破裂会消耗大量的水体能量, 同时发现较大的紊动动能与气泡的生成有关, 且气泡数随平均紊动动能的增加呈线性增长关系。 相似文献
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在野外采集中考察气枪的稳定性以及室内进行确定性子波反褶积处理,都要求能够获得气枪阵列的实时远场子波。从震源子波检测方法出发,阐述了近场子波采集、幅值转换及记录流程,并列举出实测近场子波时需要考虑解决的问题;接着介绍了震源远场子波的获取方法和主要途径;震源近场子波及远场子波的实测方案,检测震源子波所需的仪器设备和采集技术方法。文中分析了气枪子波的气泡干扰问题,虚反射与后续气泡震荡间的关系以及吸收衰减对子波的影响,并根据实测远场子波,对齐氏和范氏两种气体模型进行了模拟效果对比,结果表明:采用范氏气体模型所模拟的子波与实际子波更为吻合,模拟出的气枪的子波波形、振幅大小、气泡周期上,与业界通用的Nucleus软件的模拟结果吻合较好,在后续的使用中将继续优化。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献