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苏州城市河道底泥对磷酸盐的吸附与释放特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了探讨苏州古城区河道底泥对磷酸盐的吸附-释放特征,文中分别从改变上覆水的pH值、底泥吸附-释放动力学和等温吸附实验三个方面进行了研究。结果表明:(1)随着上覆水pH值的增大,苏州河道底泥对磷的吸附量逐渐减小;(2)底泥对磷的吸附过程是一个复合动力学过程,通常包括快吸附和慢吸附两个过程。底泥对磷的快速吸附在2h内快速进行,之后为慢吸附过程,到6h左右,基本达到一种动态吸附平衡;底泥对磷释放的动力学过程也包括快释放和慢释放过程。底泥释放磷在1·5h内快速进行,之后进入慢释放过程,磷酸盐含量基本稳定,达到释放平衡;(3)底泥具有较大的吸附磷的能力。随着上覆水的磷酸盐浓度增高,底泥吸附磷酸盐的量也增加。上覆水与底泥的比值越大,底泥对磷的吸附率越小。 相似文献
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鉴江河口底泥盐度释放规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
底泥盐度释放是河口水资源利用的主要限制因子。本文以鉴江为例,基于野外实测与室内实验,系统分析了鉴江河口底泥盐度及水体氯离子的分布特征;通过振荡、换水及静态等实验。定量研究了河口底泥盐度释放规律。结果表明：（1）潮泛河口底泥盐度主要受上溯潮水的影响。有较为明显的梯度性;（2）底泥盐度释放量在初期较大,随着换水周期的累加,则逐步降低;在同一换水周期。底泥盐度释放强度与其本底盐度浓度成正指数关系;（3）静态释放时间越长,上覆水盐度越大。静置30d。三组样品上覆水的浓度分别达2626mg·L-1、932mg·L-1、533mg·L-1。远远超过用水水质的要求。 相似文献
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>通过控制外源营养盐流入可以降低水体营养盐浓度,抑制蓝藻爆发。目前一些外源控制措施已经用于富营养化水体的修复,并取得一定成效。但是仅仅控制外源污染并不能抑制蓝藻爆发,底泥中营养物质的释放(内源污染)受到人们广泛关注。目前关于富营养化水体内源污染治理机制是抑制底泥中营养物质向上覆水迁移,如:底泥覆盖和底泥疏浚、生态修复等。但是这些措施成本高、时间长,难以大规模应用。本文基于磷是富营养化水体控制因子,研究铜绿微囊藻增值与底泥磷释放关系及其对底泥形态结构的改 相似文献
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泥沙污染物起动再悬浮释放机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
底泥再悬浮时,颗粒和孔隙水会交替影响底泥污染物的释放通量。通过循环水槽实验,分别以氯化钠和磷来代表典型的非吸附性污染物和吸附性污染物,研究了再悬浮颗粒和孔隙水释放污染物的不同特征。研究表明,再悬浮磷的释放对底面切应力的反应要比氯化钠迟缓,但前者释放通量要比后者大。恒定水流下底泥再悬浮污染物释放过程可以分为两个显著阶段:起动初期2 h内,颗粒和孔隙水共同作用,两者对上覆水体中水溶性污染物的贡献之比最高为3:1,此时悬浮颗粒处于解吸污染物状态;2 h后,悬浮颗粒转为吸附污染物状态,释放通量时正时负。长期悬浮时泥沙颗粒始终为负释放状态,而孔隙水对总通量的贡献之比最高可达到60:1。上覆水体中吸附性污染物液固相浓度比值先增大后减小,悬浮后期始终处于较低值。推导了底泥释放通量的理论公式,理论结果是线性缓慢增加的,而实验值的增加趋势是先快后慢。 相似文献
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为揭示波浪扰动对湖泊底泥磷释放的影响,在波浪水槽中模拟了不同波高情况下扰动对水体、水土界面、底泥间隙水的磷、溶解氧等的影响.结果显示,在大波扰动下,沉积物大量悬浮,水体总磷随之增加,溶解性磷增加却不显著;波浪扰动显著增加了水体和沉积物界面的溶解氧浓度,并增加了溶解氧在沉积物的侵蚀深度;波浪扰动降低了沉积物表层10 cm内间隙水中的磷浓度,而10 cm以下沉积物中间隙水中磷浓度基本保持不变.研究表明,波浪扰动可迅速增加水体中颗粒态的营养盐,但是对于溶解态营养盐,尤其是水体中活性磷浓度的影响,则受沉积物性质、水-沉积物间隙水磷浓度差,以及水-沉积物中氧含量等多方面因素的影响. 相似文献
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太湖流域营养盐沉积200年的历史模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
介绍边界条件设置为工业时代以前太湖流域处于自然农耕状况下,对太湖的总氮和总磷沉积反演200年的数值模拟研究。模拟反映了自然状况占1990s湖泊富营养化观测资料的湖区总氮约7%,占总磷约12%。模拟总氮和总磷浓度与太湖沉积钻孔沉积样推算的水体含量的数量级和变化范围相当,太湖流域的营养盐空间来源模拟也能够与流域自然地理变化吻合,表明模拟能够捕捉到流域营养盐历史变化特征,对湖泊营养物质来源、沉积和空间分布的流域环境历史变化响应具有良好模拟能力。 相似文献
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D. Y. Zhao Ph.D. T. Ma J. Zeng Ph.D. W. M. Yan M.Sc. C. L. Jiang Ph.D. J. W. Feng Ph.D. Y. N. Xu H. Z. Zhao 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2011,8(3):571-580
Vertical distribution of microbial communities in a eutrophic lake sediments of Lake Xuanwu was quantified by phospholipid fatty acids analysis and multivariate statistical analysis was employed to interprete the data. Principle component analysis of sediment characteristics parameters, including total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic matters and pH produced clustering of sampling sites for two distinct groups. These groups corresponded with the two sampling stations and the levels of nutrient enrichment. Total phospholipid fatty acids concentration, which is indicative of microbial biomass, reduced with depth, however, the relative percentage of anaerobic prokaryotes increased. To assess changes of microbial community along depth, phospholipid fatty acids compositions were analyzed by cluster analysis. Distinct clusters were observed in different sampling stations. Canonical correspondence analysis was carried out to infer the relationship between sediment characteristics and microbial communities. Phospholipid fatty acids samples collected at the same sampling site clustered together. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the environmental parameter with the greatest bearing on the phospholipid fatty acids profiles was pH. This study proved the successful application of phospholipid fatty acids and multivariate analysis to investigate the relationship between environment factors and microbial community composition. 相似文献
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The vertical variation of P forms in sediments of urban shallow lakes in China, Xuanwu Lake, Daming Lake and Mochou Lake,
were sequentially extracted and measured with the method of SEDEX. The results indicated the TP content in the sediment profiles
ranged from 371.94 to 777.25 mg kg−1 for Xuanwu Lake, 1,308.14 to 4,632.63 mg kg−1 for Daming Lake, and 995.49 to 1,860.71 mg kg−1 for Mochou Lake. The results of sequential extraction showed that Ca-P and Fe-P were the main fractions. Meanwhile, the proportions
of Bio-P to TP were 35.24% for Xuanwu Lake, 29.57% Daming lake, and 25.26%, for Mochou Lake, indicating a high potential of
P releasing. The content of Bio-P was significantly and positively correlated with TP (r = 0.978, P < 0.01). Lake hydrations conditions played an important role in the distribution and contents of Bio-P and TP. In the region
with macrophytes, the contents of TP and Bio-P were relatively low. Physicochemical properties of sediments were significantly
related to the fraction distribution and P contents, and might play an important role in controlling P activity and mobility.
Moreover, Fe showed an evident influence on P fraction and the ratio Fe/P might be good indicator to the contents and composition
of active P in sediments. 相似文献
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Lake Houston is a man-made reservoir located northeast of Houston, Texas. The purpose of this investigation was to document
suspended sediment transport, sedimentation, and resuspension in the lake with a view towards estimating the influence of
sedimentation on water quality. Sediment traps were placed in strategic locations in the lake to collect suspended sediments.
Samples were analyzed for bulk density, grain size, organic carbon, and a number of trace elements. These data were analyzed
along with meteorological data to examine those factors which regulate suspended sediment input and dispersal, and the role
of suspended sediments in controlling water quality within the lake.
Sediment input to the lake depends primarily on the intensity of rainfall in the watershed. Sediment movement within the lake
is strongly influenced by wave activity, which resuspends sediments from shallow areas, and by wind-driven circulation. The
increased residence time of suspended sediments due to resuspension allows greater decomposition of organic matter and the
release of several trace elements from sediments to the water column.
Virtually all samples from sediment traps suspended between 1 and 5 m above the lake bottom contain medium to coarse silt,
and even some very fine sand-sized material. This implies that circulation in Lake Houston is periodically intense enough
to transport this size material in suspension. During winter, northerly winds with sustained velocities of greater than 5
m/sec provide the most suitable condition for rapid (<1 d) transport of suspended sediment down the length of the lake.
Fluctuations in current velocities and the subsequent suspension/deposition of particles may explain variations in the abundance
of coliform bacteria in Lake Houston. 相似文献
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In sediments with oxidized surface layers, the percentage of mineralized nitrogen that is nitrified/denitrified, compared with that released directly as ammonium, appears to be affected by the presence of sea salts. In estuarine systems, a significant portion of the nitrogen is released as ammonium, whereas in freshwater systems, most of the mineralized nitrogen is often released from the sediments as nitrogen gas. We hypothesized that this discrepancy is caused by differential competition between physical diffusion and nitrification/denitrification in the two systems. The vertical migration (by Fickian diffusion) of ammonium out of the oxic layer may be hindered by cation exchange (or sorption) interactions with sediment particles to a greater extent in fresh water than in estuarine systems. The resulting relatively long residence time, and potentially high levels of particle-bound ammonium in the freshwater sediments, would favor nitrification as the major ammonium removal process. By contrast, ion pair formation of ammonium with seawater anions and blockage of sediment cation exchange sites with seawater cations may allow a sizable fraction of the ammonium to diffuse out of estuarine sediments before it is nitrified. A salt effect, consistent with this hypothesis, has been demonstrated in experimental systems by changing the ionic composition of water flowing above intact cores of freshwater and estuarine sediments. Steady-state ammonium release from Lake Michigan sediments was substantially enhanced in the presence of 30% seawater over that in the presence of lake water alone. Likewise, steady-state ammonium release, from Ochlockonee River and Bay sediments (Florida) and from Toms River and Barnegat Bay sediments (New Jersey), was usually higher in the presence of diluted synthetic seawater than it was in the presence of fresh water. 相似文献
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Hiromi Matsuda 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1978,42(7):1027-1034
A 3-m sediment core taken from Lake Suigetsu, in which a shift from fresh to brackish water occurred about three hundred years ago, has been examined for variation with depth of organic carbon and fatty acids. From the difference in total amounts of sulphur between sediments under fresh and brackish water environments, the surface sediments above approximately 35 cm depth were deduced to be accumulated under a brackish water environment. The total contents of organic carbon and fatty acids, and percentage composition of fatty acids gave discontinuous profiles above and below the 35–40 cm sediment layer. At a depth of 12.5 cm, the distribution in chain length of the fatty acids changed from a unimodal (the predominance of C12-C18 over C20-C34) to a bimodal pattern, which was mirrored by the composition diversity index (CDI).Although the fatty acids in the surface sediments (0–40 cm) from Lake Suigetsu seemed to suffer milder degradation through microbial activity than those in a core (0–150 cm) from Lake Suwa, a freshwater eutrophic lake, both lacustrine sediments showed similar trends in the alteration of fatty acid composition with depth. 相似文献
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Xuanwu Lake (3.7 km2) is a shallow (mean depth 1.4 m) hypereutrophic lake (annual productivity greater than 600 g cm–2) located in East China's flood plain near the N end of Nanjing, China's ninth largest city. Paleolimnological data based on a 16 cm long sediment core removed from near the center of the lake indicated that nutrient pollution tolerant diatoms have replaced pollution intolerant taxa which were common near the base of the core (approximately 35 years before present). These paleolimnological observations support the hypothesis that progressive eutrophication is occurring in Xuanwu Lake. This conclusion is corroborated by direct comparisons of the present day phytoplankton and zooplankton species composition within the lake and published accounts of its species composition during the mid 1970's.During the last decade, zooplankton density has increased 153% and zooplankton species' richness has declined by 33%. Phytoplankton biomass has increased over 10-fold and the lake's photic zone has decreased to its current (1987) condition (1% surface light intensity at 0.7 m).Xuanwu Lake, like many similar shallow polymictic lakes in E China, has not been depleted of dissolved oxygen near its bottom. This is due to frequent wind mixing, of the entire lake. Thus its progressive hypereutrophication does not result in the same suite of problems experienced by lakes whose hypolimnion is stagnant for long periods of time. 相似文献
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Recent geochemical studies provide evidence that changes in vertical distributions of nutrients in lake sediments are driven by anthropogenic activities, based primarily on trends of increasing concentrations in upper sediment layers. However, the present study shows that vertical concentration profiles of C, N and P in lake sediments can be higher in the upper, most recently deposited sediment strata, driven largely by natural diagenetic processes and not eutrophication alone. Sediment cores from 14 different lakes in New Zealand and China were examined ranging from oligotrophic to highly eutrophic and shallow to deep, and it was found that the shape of vertical profiles of total P, a key nutrient for lake productivity, can be similar in sediments across gradients of widely differing trophic status. Empirical and mechanistic diagenesis steady state profile models were derived and applied to describe the vertical distribution of C, N and P in the sediments. These models, which focus on large scale temporal (decades) and spatial (up to 35 cm in the vertical) processes, revealed that density-differentiated burial and biodiffusive mixing, were strongly correlated with vertical concentration gradients of sediment C, N and P content, whereas lake trophic status was not. A sensitivity analysis of parameters included in the diagenetic model further showed that the processes including flux of organic matter to the sediment–water interface, burial (net sedimentation), breakdown of organic matter and biodiffusion all can significantly influence the vertical distribution of sediment P content. It was concluded that geochemical studies attempting to evaluate drivers of the vertical distribution of sediment C, N and P content in lake sediments should also account for the natural diagenetic drivers of vertical concentration gradients, assisted with application of similar models to those presented in this study. This would include quantification of key sediment diagenesis model parameters to separate out the influence of anthropogenic activities. 相似文献
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JULE XIAO ZHIGANG CHANG JIAWEI FAN LANG ZHOU DAYOU ZHAI RUILIN WEN XIAOGUANG QIN 《Sedimentology》2012,59(3):1050-1062
It is widely recognized that lake sediment grain‐size distributions tend to be polymodal and consist of two or more grain‐size components. However, for specific cases, the genesis of each component usually is poorly understood. In this study, the grain‐size components of the surface sediments of Hulun Lake, Inner Mongolia, were partitioned using the log‐normal distribution function method and the relationship between the identity of each grain‐size component and the hydraulic condition of the lake was investigated in order to relate the constituent components to specific depositional processes in the lake. The data indicate that the modern clastic sediments of Hulun Lake contain six distinct unimodal grain‐size distributions representing six grain‐size components. Each of the components retains its identity including modal size, manner of transportation and environment of deposition, although the relative percentage varies with the hydraulic conditions throughout the lake. These components are specified from fine to coarse modes as long‐term suspension clay, offshore‐suspension fine silt and medium to coarse silt, and nearshore‐suspension fine sand, saltation medium sand and traction coarse sand. The percentage contribution of several grain‐size components interpreted as being indicative of nearshore environments is shown to be correlated negatively with water depth across the modern lake bed; this suggests that the proportion of these components in core data might be useful as a proxy for water depth. This possibility was tested using a sediment core from Hulun Lake where high percentages of the nearshore grain‐size components were found to be correlated with low regional precipitation reconstructed from the pollen profile of the same core. The coincidence of two independent proxies does not only demonstrate the validity of log‐normal distribution function in partitioning polymodal sediments but reveals the potential of lake sediment grain‐size components for the research of lake‐level fluctuations during the geological past. 相似文献
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Lake El′gygytgyn is situated in a 3·6 Myr old impact crater in North‐eastern Siberia. Its sedimentary record probably represents the most complete archive of Pliocene and Quaternary climate change in the terrestrial Arctic. In order to investigate the influence of gravitational sediment transport on the pelagic sediment record in the lake centre, two sediment cores were recovered from the lower western lake slope. The cores penetrate a sub‐recent mass movement deposit that was identified by 3·5 kHz echo sounding. In the proximal part of this deposit, deformed sediments reflect an initial debris flow characterized by limited sediment mixture. Above and in front of the debrite, a wide massive densite indicates a second stage with a liquefied dense flow. The mass movement event led to basal erosion of ca 1 m thick unconsolidated sediments along parts of its flow path. The event produced a suspension cloud, whose deposition led to the formation of a turbidite. The occurrence of the turbidite throughout the lake and the limited erosion at its base mainly suggest deposition by ‘pelagic rain’ following Stokes’ Law. Very similar radiocarbon dates obtained in the sediments directly beneath and above the turbidite in the central lake confirm this interpretation. When applying the depositional model for the Late Quaternary sediment record of Lake El′gygytgyn, the recovered turbidites allow reconstruction of the frequency and temporal distribution of large mass movement events at the lake slopes. In total, 28 turbidites and related deposits were identified in two, 12·9 and 16·6 m long, sediment cores from the central lake area covering approximately 300 kyr. 相似文献