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1.
Environmental learning and the social construction of an exurban landscape in Fremont County, Colorado 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Across the rural American West, the restructuring of rural capitalism has transformed production landscapes into those increasingly structured by the development and consumption of natural and cultural amenities. This project used principles from symbolic interactionism, ethnographic methods, and the analytical framework of regional political ecology to understand the role of environmental learning in negotiating the new management regime associated with amenity-based capitalism in rural Fremont County, Colorado. The study found that most amenity residents participate regularly in social learning about the environment through a variety of interpersonal and organizational behaviors. In addition, they are responding collectively to environmental risks and opportunities associated with wildfire, noxious weeds and invasive grass species, prospective uranium mining, and restoration of cultural-landscape features. Ultimately, the practices of environmental learning concern how private properties and assets will be managed relative to the social construction of the environment as an amenity for personal consumption. Conservation and management prospects in this and other rural areas in the postindustrial world can be enhanced by understanding the microsociology of exurban geographies and by engaging the social forms and processes related to this distinctive landscape construction. 相似文献
2.
Liisa Rohweder 《GeoJournal》2004,60(2):175-181
Environmental education in business school context has a significant effect on the way companies view environmental problems.
Business schools train the future decision makers who can, with their own attitudes and practical actions, influence the contribution
of business to the process of ecologically sustainable development. However, several studies show that no systematic thinking
has been undertaken within business education as to what the educational prerequisites of the process of ecologically sustainable
development are. In this article, I will firstly analyze by means of environmental education how business polytechnics in
Finland have taken into consideration ecologically sustainable development. Secondly, I will raise the starting points for
the development of the implementation of environmental education as part of the business schools▪ educational plans. Integrating
environmental education into the vocational courses is identified as being one of the most effective ways of increasing the
effectiveness of environmental education. Thirdly, the emphasis is on identification of barriers of integrating environmental
education into the educational plans of business polytechnics. Theoretically, the article is attached to the objectives and
learning concepts of environmental education and to educational planning theory in general. The empirical data are based on
interviews I conducted 1999–2000 in all Finnish polytechnics offering business education. My article increases theoretical
and practical understanding of how environmental education should be implemented in business education and how the current
situation could be developed.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Daniel D.P. McCarthy Graham S. Whitelaw Scott Anderson Donald Cowan Fred McGarry Anthony Robins Holly L. Gardner Christine D. Barbeau Nadia A. Charania Zachariah General Jeff Liedtke Celine Sutherland Paulo Alencar Leonard J.S. Tsuji 《Geoforum》2012,43(2):305-314
The remote First Nation (FN) communities of the Mushkegowuk Territory on the west coast of James Bay, Ontario, Canada are currently facing increased development pressures and the imposition of a government land use planning process. The land use planning process is mandated in the Far North Act (received Royal Assent on September 23, 2010). There is a need for capacity enhancement for community-based natural resource planning and management in the Territory. A number of frameworks are emerging for addressing change brought on by resource development and building resilience to such change at the community level. Among these include the concept of adaptive capacity. In collaboration with FN community leaders, we explored the use of “collaborative geomatics” tools to foster adaptive capacity. Our action research suggests that collaborative geomatics technologies should enhance the Mushkegowuk First Nations’ adaptive capacity to address environmental and policy change by allowing them to collect and manage data collaboratively (e.g., traditional environmental knowledge, western science) to create opportunities for innovative community development, including natural resource development and management. 相似文献
4.
Deana D. Pennington 《Earth Science Informatics》2011,4(2):55-68
Collaborative eScience research teams are impeded by difficulties defining problems that provide research opportunities for
all participants. Problem formulation occurs early in the collaboration process when the demand for ideas is high. However,
cross-disciplinary linkages and integrated conceptual frameworks from which strong interdisciplinary ideas emerge do not evolve
until later. The process of co-creating interdisciplinary research ideas is fundamentally a learning problem; participants
from different disciplines must learn enough about each other’s research interests to construct an integrated conceptual framework
from which joint problems of interest can be created. However, participants rarely have the conceptual background needed to
easily understand research topics in other disciplines; hence methods for enabling rapid learning in these situations are
needed. Team interactions that more effectively generate interdisciplinary ideas can be enabled based on a better understanding
the process of cross-disciplinary, collaborative learning. This article postulates several models of collaborative learning
in these settings and discusses the implications for orchestrating team activities to achieve better outcomes. 相似文献
5.
Timothy Andrew Stojanovic Hugh D. Ormerod Smith Christopher F. Wooldridge 《GeoJournal》2006,65(3):165-176
Thirteen years since the EU Habitats Directive (1992/43/EEC) became a binding legal agreement, this paper considers the implementation
of this important European environmental legislation as it applies to the coastal activities of seaports and harbours. The
paper examines the relationship between environmental legislation and ports policy, and seeks to provide a comprehensive assessment
of the policy and science that has been developed in relation to protected areas and port management. The paper reports the
results of a survey of European port professionals, and their perception of the successes and challenges of the management
regimes that have been established, as well as their opinions on how these have influenced the management within ports. The
paper also provides a detailed examination of the scientific and technical developments with particular regard to dredging
and habitat management in European ports. Key research gaps are identified, including: practical approaches to licensing procedures;
lack of baseline information, especially with regard to in-combination effects; the efficacy of techniques for mitigating
the impacts of dredging; and greater understanding on how more resilient models for collaborative action can be developed.
The paper will be of use to environmental planners, scientists, regulators, conservationists, and port managers, as they consider
how to apply science and management to the sustainable development and environmental protection of coastal areas. 相似文献
6.
《Geoforum》2016
This paper critically reviews the current status of the concept of distance in human geography in order to argue that recent experimentally-driven work in construal-level theory offers ample opportunities for recasting distance as a key geographical trope. After analysing the four entangled dimensions of distance revealed by construal-level theory (spatial distance; temporal distance; social distance; and hypothetical distance), the paper articulates this research program from experimental psychology with geographical work on non-representational theory, geographical imaginations/imaginative geographies, learning as a geographical process, TimeSpace theorising, and ontogenetic understandings of space. It is argued that the subjective understanding of distance afforded by construal-level theory can rescue distance from its entrenched association with positivistic geography and spatial analysis. 相似文献
7.
随着互联网与信息技术的快速发展,线上线下混合式学习逐渐得到普及与应用。混合式学习强调学生的主体作用,注重学生的自主学习、协作学习和个性化学习,是良好的适合高等教育的创造性学习模式。但是在目前的混合式学习模式下,学生对知识的加工、梳理、整合能力不够,构建完整知识体系的自主学习能力稍显薄弱,因此亟需更多引导。文章综合分析了混合式学习模式的优缺点,建议引入人工智能领域的知识图谱概念,作为新的教学元素以引导和加强学生的自主学习过程,由此构建了基于知识图谱的增强型混合式学习模式。该模式在2020年南京大学《古无脊椎动物学》课程中进行了实践,进一步证明其在改善学生自主学习能力方面的潜力。 相似文献
8.
David Correia 《Geoforum》2007,38(5):1040-1051
Recent research on environmental conflict in New Mexico has focused on racial and ethnic conflict between environmentalists and Hispanic loggers as a means to explain the trajectory of environmental struggle and the failure of Hispano/environmentalist coalitions opposing Forest Service management policies. This paper seeks to extend this explanation by considering the constraining role of federal legislation, institutional management and commercial resource exploitation that limited opportunities for Hispano/environmental collaborative challenges to federal resource management arrangements. I analyze the foundations of sustained yield forestry on the Carson National Forest in northern New Mexico though a focus on the legal construction of sustained yield policies and the practices of implementing sustained yield on the Vallecitos Federal Sustained Yield Unit, a special timber production sub-unit of the Carson. The paper illustrates how the deployment of sustained yield forestry in New Mexico produced not only conditions of production favorable to commercial timber operators, but also established a complex and contradictory regulatory environment that effectively constrained collaborative efforts between environmentalists and small-scale loggers in their efforts to construct alternative futures for resource management in the region. 相似文献
9.
《Geoforum》2015
Adaptive governance is the use of novel approaches within policy to support experimentation and learning. Social learning reflects the engagement of interdependent stakeholders within this learning. Much attention has focused on these concepts as a solution for resilience in governing institutions in an uncertain climate; resilience representing the ability of a system to absorb shock and to retain its function and form through reorganisation. However, there are still many questions to how these concepts enable resilience, particularly in vulnerable, developing contexts. A case study from Uganda presents how these concepts promote resilient livelihood outcomes among rural subsistence farmers within a decentralised governing framework. This approach has the potential to highlight the dynamics and characteristics of a governance system which may manage change. The paper draws from the enabling characteristics of adaptive governance, including lower scale dynamics of bonding and bridging ties and strong leadership. Central to these processes were learning platforms promoting knowledge transfer leading to improved self-efficacy, innovation and livelihood skills. However even though aspects of adaptive governance were identified as contributing to resilience in livelihoods, some barriers were identified. Reflexivity and multi-stakeholder collaboration were evident in governing institutions; however, limited self-organisation and vertical communication demonstrated few opportunities for shifts in governance, which was severely challenged by inequity, politicisation and elite capture. The paper concludes by outlining implications for climate adaptation policy through promoting the importance of mainstreaming adaptation alongside existing policy trajectories; highlighting the significance of collaborative spaces for stakeholders and the tackling of inequality and corruption. 相似文献
10.
This paper advances understanding of how unequal risks to environmental hazards are generated. Marginalization is the best known explanation for the production of risk. The concept of marginalization was elaborated through studies of hazards in the global South and connotes how social inequalities constrain livelihood options of less powerful social groups. Thus, marginal groups are pressured to degrade landscapes and occupy hazardous environments while they experience decreased capacities to cope with environmental change. This paper directs analytical attention beyond the material to include the discursive realm and demonstrates that the production of unequal risk is contingent upon how hazards are differentially perceived, represented, and contested in social spaces. Findings from a flood disaster case study in the El Paso (US)–Ciudad Juárez (Mexico) border metropolis highlight how hegemonic discourses reinforce material processes of marginalization in flood-prone social spaces. Findings also reveal how socially-powerful geographical groups of people have harnessed institutional resources in their efforts to externalize risks and capitalize on environmental opportunities in some flood-prone areas. The concept of facilitation is used to explain the material-discursive production of socially-elite, flood-prone spaces. Facilitation clarifies how powerful groups are provided privileged access to institutional resources in their pursuit of environmental rewards, contributing to unjust socioenvironmental outcomes. In conclusion, I outline key aspects of how unequal risks are materially and discursively (re)produced within hazardscapes through relational processes of marginalization/facilitation. 相似文献
11.
通过对土壤放射性调查可以掌握土壤中放射性元素的分布,也可以为环境放射性影响评价提供依据。这些工作对于城市而言,可以保障人们的生活和环境安全。而对于核设施则帮助制定退役、去污策略,以防止放射性污染物向环境迁移,危害环境安全。综述土壤放射性污染水平监测方法,其中取样方法涉及了取样工具要求、分层采样的方法。污染物分析监测方法则具体阐述了用中子活化分析方法研究土壤中的微量元素含量、如何监测土壤特性的方法。 相似文献
12.
The differential impact of physical disorder and collective efficacy: a geographically weighted regression on violent crime 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
While much of the research on neighborhood crime considers the neighborhood as a whole, this study utilizes spatial analysis techniques to examine how the presence of disorder and collective efficacy create unique pockets of opportunities for criminal behavior within neighborhoods. This spatial perspective reveals how the effect of disorder and efficacy upon crime patterns itself varies across a neighborhood. Physical disorder is measured through systematic social observations and the level of collective efficacy is evaluated through survey responses of neighborhood residents. The indices of disorder and efficacy are compared to crime data from police call logs using geographically weighted regression. Our findings demonstrate a complex spatial relationship between disorder and efficacy. The effects of disorder and efficacy are not consistent across an entire neighborhood, but rather display local variations in small geographical areas within neighborhoods, including some pockets of the neighborhood where the relationships between disorder, efficacy, and crime were contrary to the expected relationships. Based upon these findings, we conclude opportunity is central to understanding crime, and emphasize the role of informal social control in neighborhoods. 相似文献
13.
《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2023,134(4):375-387
This paper introduces the Special Issue of the Proceedings of the Geologists' Association on ‘Valuing the Quaternary – Nature Conservation and Geoheritage’, arising from the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) Congress in Dublin, in July 2019. It presents an overview of the values of Quaternary geoheritage, which merit recognition as an integral part of nature conservation, to protect priority sites and features for scientific research and education, and to deliver wider ecological, cultural and aesthetic benefits. The paper highlights the benefits of incorporating knowledge and understanding of Quaternary geoheritage for nature conservation and society. Palaeoenvironmental, palaeoecological and palaeobiological archives are a key source of ecological and environmental data that allow learning from the past to help address contemporary conservation challenges such as biodiversity loss, anthropogenic pressures and climate change. Quaternary science plays a vital part in supporting the wider nature conservation agenda, including strengthening the role of protected and conserved areas in the sustainable management of natural capital and ecosystem services, climate change adaptation, marine conservation, nature restoration and recovery, connecting people and nature and informing nature-based solutions to threats faced by society. However, challenges remain to achieve protection of key geoheritage sites and landscapes globally, and to integrate better understanding of geodiversity in nature conservation research, policy development and practice to help address the twin crises facing nature conservation – biodiversity loss and climate change. Quaternary studies provide temporal and spatial perspectives to inform forward-looking nature conservation that is dynamic rather than static in outlook. 相似文献
14.
Situated justice in environmental decision-making: Lessons from river management in Southeastern Australia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mick Hillman 《Geoforum》2006,37(5):695-707
The practical application of environmental justice in natural resource management depends upon moving beyond generic principles to situated understanding. This understanding in turn requires knowledge of both historical and geographical contexts, including how decision-making frameworks develop and the nature of the biophysical environment itself. This paper examines these requirements based on case material from the Hunter Valley, New South Wales. In the Hunter Valley, the colonial history of river management was one of the creation, and subsequent inclusion and exclusion, of particular ‘stakes’ from the decision-making process, resulting in a narrowly defined ‘community of justice’ that became institutionalised at the catchment scale. However, even within this restricted community, distributive injustices occurred due to a failure of policy to engage with environmental variability at both spatial and temporal scales. This combination of procedural injustice and environmental variability also resulted in ecological injustice - that is a disconnected or even antagonistic human-nature relationship that restricted the opportunity to redress the severe degradation of riverine ecosystems that had occurred since European settlement. In the light of these examples, broader challenges in the application of environmental justice to river management are explored in terms of ecological complexity and contested perceptions of environmental health. Based on this material, a historically and geographically situated, ecologically informed vision of environmental justice is proposed as an essential part of sustainable river management. 相似文献
15.
当代地理学特征：发展趋势及中国地理学研究进展 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17
地理学是一门研究地球表层自然要素与人文要素相互作用及其时空变化规律的科学，它广泛运用现代科学技术手段，具有跨越自然科学与社会科学的性质。面对当前全球变化和可持续发展的世界性科学问题，地理学家根据学科特点和领域优势，抓住机遇、迎接挑战。目前主要研究地球表层系统各界面间的物理、化学、生物及人文过程，探讨多种过程的相互作用机理，探求人类活动与资源环境间相互协调、可持续发展的规律。地理学以“格局—结构—过程—机理”的研究思路贯穿始终。随着新技术、新方法的使用以及观测资料的不断积累，实验测试数据质量的提高和数据量的增加，当今地理学的研究在空间尺度上同时向微观、宏观两个方向扩展，模型研究不断科学化，已具备现代科学的主要特征。总体上，表现为部门地理研究深化，区域综合研究加强。长期以来，中国地理学在自然地理的综合研究、地表自然过程研究、城市与区域发展研究，以及面向社会现实的应用基础研究等方面取得了较好进展。 相似文献
16.
Tony Gore 《GeoJournal》2008,72(1-2):59-73
Contemporary capitalist development facilitates the large-scale geographical reorganization of economic activity, involving both spatial clustering and decentralization. In the European Union the resulting regional disparities have provoked concerns about growing inequality on the one hand and poor competitiveness on the other. The concept of ‘territorial cohesion’ has been adopted to address such issues, with the need for co-operation across local, regional and national boundaries encouraged as a means of constructing more effective economic zones. This then raises the question whether the European Union’s own Structural Funds programme has been able to contribute to such collaborative working. Evidence from South Yorkshire/Sheffield in England and the Central Valleys/Cardiff in Wales suggests that any contribution is likely to be modest. Both areas were covered by Objective 1 programmes between 2000 and 2006, but differed markedly in the extent to which collaborative governance structures and processes developed. Key factors were the extent to which moves in this direction were already under way, and the extent to which management and decision-making were devolved from the centre to local and sub-regional actors. 相似文献
17.
Jeff Davies Nick S. Robins John Farr James Sorensen Philip Beetlestone Jude E. Cobbing 《Hydrogeology Journal》2013,21(2):321-330
Transboundary aquifer (TBA) management, in part, seeks to mitigate degradation of groundwater resources caused either by an imbalance of abstraction between countries or by cross-border pollution. Fourteen potential TBAs were identified within a hydrogeological mapping programme based on simple hydrogeological selection criteria for the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. These have been reassessed against a set of data associated with five categories: (1) groundwater flow and vulnerability (which is perceived as the over-arching influence on the activity level of each TBA), (2) knowledge and understanding, (3) governance capability, (4) socio-economic/water-demand factors, and (5) environmental issues. These assessments enable the TBAs to be classified according to their need for cross-border co-operation and management. The study shows that only two of the 14 TBAs have potential to be the cause of tension between neighbouring states, while nine are potentially troublesome and three are unlikely to become problematic even in the future. The classification highlights the need to focus on data gathering to enable improved understanding of the TBAs that could potentially become troublesome in the future due to, for example, change in demographics and climate. 相似文献
18.
Colin D. Prosser David R. Bridgland Eleanor J. Brown Jonathan G. Larwood 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(3):337-342
Well managed and accessible geological and geomorphological sites are important to both science and society, for research, education, and, in some cases, for recreation. In this viewpoint paper we celebrate achievements in the field of geoconservation over the last 60 years since the first geological Sites of Special Scientific Interest were designated in the UK following the passing of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act in 1949. With a range of new political, social, economic and environmental challenges and opportunities coming to the fore, geoconservation now needs to innovate and adapt in order to sustain and enhance its influence and effectiveness. In advance of the 2011 Geologists’ Association Annual Meeting, Geoconservation for Science and Society: An Agenda for the 21st Century, we give our view on the challenges and opportunities facing geoconservation and the areas in which new approaches and partnerships are required to secure the long-term conservation of our geological and geomorphological heritage. 相似文献
19.
Spatial data availability and its implications for sustainable development of the Brazilian Amazon 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the Amazonia region, general policy based on sustainable development must be adopted to counterbalance natural conservation and the needs of people. To discuss and monitor the regional development requires a significant variety of spatial data. However, making data available is not simple and various solutions usually are presented in non-standardized and non-interchangeable databases. This paper presents an overview of spatial data available for the Amazonia region, and initiatives of data dissemination systems, considering various geographical scales and data access. From this general perspective, we discuss some ideas about the importance of spatial data for sustainability and suggest interactive systems that could contribute to local development and environmental conservation. The limitation on the promotion of spatial information and data sharing in Amazonia is neither computational nor technological. Rather, it is a matter of informing those who generate the data about the benefits of knowledge as a public good and promoting collaborative work. Creating a convergent spatial consciousness about the territory, and bringing together every environmental player, is a step towards the discussion and planning of the sustainable development of the Amazonia. 相似文献
20.
This article provides a counter-narrative to the dominant discourse of marginalization and criminalization of Ghana’s illegal gold miners (galamsey) by focusing on the contested mercury debate. We first examine the complex and multifaceted policy problem that underlies the current conflictual aspects in the small-scale mining sector, arguing that mercury use and contamination are key elements in the antigalamsey rhetoric. Second, we describe an interdisciplinary pilot study on human and environmental health that involved health personnel and illegal miners from two sites. Through participatory ranking and mapping activities, we explored participants’ understanding of mercury and other life hazards as well as causes and consequences of mercury contamination. We used chemical indicator strips to sample contaminated areas in collaboration with the miners. By drawing upon novel concepts from the environmental justice and ecohealth literature, we propose a political ecology of human and environmental health that advocates recognition of galamsey operators and their participation in learning opportunities as a first step out of the current impasse in the Ghanaian small-scale mining sector. 相似文献