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1.
Age and significance of the North Pyrenean metamorphism 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
39Ar-40Ar and 87Rb-87Sr studies of some metamorphic minerals from the North Pyrenean zone indicate that they crystallized about 92–104 m.y. ago on the east, 85 m.y. or older on the west. An amphibole from a lherzolite in the eastern area gives a plateau age at 103 m.y. The North Pyrenean metamorphism is shown to be a thermal effect of forcible lherzolite emplacement along the North Pyrenean zone. This latter process is related to the early breakup of the Europe-Iberia plate during the middle Cretaceous time. 相似文献
2.
Pyrenean lherzolites representing fragments of the upper mantle are embedded in Mesozoic sediments along the 500-km-long, 20-km-wide “North Pyrenean Zone”. These ultramafics and the nearby occurrence of granulites, the presence of undersaturated rocks intrusive in the Cretaceous, and the development of a narrow elongate zone of “Pyrenean metamorphism”, confer a fundamental orogenic and geodynamic significance to this zone. These phenomena and the emplacement of the lherzolites may be attributed to an important phase of crustal thinning followed by a succession of compressive stages. The crustal thinning involved in the North Pyrenean Zone is possibly related to a transcurrent movement mainly during Albian and Senonian times, indicating a transform zone [24]. The ascent and emplacement of lherzolites in Albian sediments may have occurred in response to alternating tensional and compressional stresses operating in transcurrent zones. The Pyrenean metamorphism in Mesozoic sediments may be related to convective (emplacement of lherzolites) as well as conductive (thermal anomaly in connection with the rifting) processes. This model is compared with existing transform domains. Finally, it is suggested that crustal thinning may permit the incorporation of lower crust-upper mantle associations in the upper levels of the crust during subsequent compressive stages. 相似文献
3.
Pierre Choukroune Xavier Le Pichon Michel Seguret Jean-Claude Sibuet 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1973,18(1):109-118
The different hypotheses proposed for the creation of the Bay of Biscay are reviewed. New geological and geophysical data collected in the last two years in the Bay and in the Pyrenean domain give new insight into the tectogenesis of the Pyrenees. Geological data of the Pyrenean area provide tight constraints on the hypothesis of formation of the Bay. The most probable hypothesis is an opening by rotation of the Iberian Peninsula around a pole of rotation situated near Paris, which resulted in strike-slip motion along the North Pyrenean fault during the Upper Mesozoic. A progressive westward migration of the pole initiated in the late Cretaceous blocked the motion along the fault and led to the main Eocene tectogenetic Pyrenean phase. 相似文献
4.
SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages for the Paleoproterozoic metamorphic-magmatic events in the southeast margin of the North China Craton 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A garnet-pyroxene bearing amphibolite as a xenolith hosted by the Mesozoic igneous rocks from Xuzhou-Suzhou area was dated
by zircon SHRIMP U-Pb method, which yields a metamorphic age of 1918 ± 56 Ma. In addition, the zircons from a garnet amphibolite
as a lens interbedded with marble in the Archean metamorphic complex named Wuhe group in the Bengbu uplift give a metamorphic
U-Pb age of 1857 ± 19 Ma, and the zircons from Shimenshan deformed granite in the eastern margin of the Bengbu uplift give
a magma crystallization U-Pb age of 2054 ± 22 Ma. Both the Xuzhou-Suzhou area and Bengbu uplift are located in the southeastern
margin of the North China Craton. Therefore, these ages indicate that there is a Paleoproterozoic tectonic zone in the southeastern
margin of the North China Craton, and its metamorphic and magmatic ages are consistent with those of the other three Paleoproterozoic
tectonic zones in the North China Craton. In view of the large scale sinistral strike-slip movement occurred at the Mesozoic
along the Tan-Lu fault zone, the position of the eastern Shandong area, which is a south section of the Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji
Belt, was correlated to Xuzhou-Suzhou-Bengbu area prior to movement of the Tan-Lu fault zone. This suggests that the Xuzhou-Suzhou-Bengbu
Paleoproterozoic tectonic zone might be a southwest extension of the Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40634023) 相似文献
5.
Grant Heiken Napoleon Ramos Wendell Duffield John Musgrave Kenneth Wohletz Sue Priest James Aldrich Wilmer Flores Alexander Ritchie Fraser Goff Dean Eppler Carlos Escobar 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1991,45(1-2)
The Platanares geothermal area, Departamento de Copán, Honduras, is located within a graben that is complexly faulted. The graben is bounded on the north by a highland composed of Paleozoic (?) metamorphic rocks in contact with Cretaceous - Tertiary redbeds of unknown thickness. These are unconformably overlain by Tertiary andesitic lavas, rhyolitic ignimbrites, and associated sedimentary rocks. The volcanic rocks are mostly older than 14 Ma, and thus are too old to represent the surface expression of an active crustal magma body. Thermal fluids that discharge in the area are heated during deep circulation of meteoric water along faults in a region of somewhat elevated heat flow. Geothermometry based upon the chemical composition of thermal fluids from hot springs and from geothermal gradient coreholes suggests that the reservoir equilibrated at temperatures as high as 225 to 240°C, within the Cretaceous redbed sequence. Three continuously cored geothermal gradient holes have been drilled; fluids of about 165°C have been produced from two drilled along a NW-trending fault zone, from depths of 250 to 680 m. A conductive thermal gradient of 139°C/km, at a depth of 400 m, was determined from the third well, drilled 0.6 km west of that fault zone. These data indicate that the Platanares geothermal area holds considerable promise for electrical generation by moderate- to hightemperature geothermal fluids. 相似文献
6.
Paleocene large-scale normal faulting along the Median Tectonic Line, western Shikoku, Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract The Median Tectonic Line (MTL) in southwest Japan, a major east–west-trending arc-parallel fault, has been defined as the boundary fault between the Cretaceous Sambagawa metamorphic rocks and Ryoke granitic and metamorphic rocks, which are unconformably covered by the Upper Cretaceous Izumi Group. The juxtaposition by faulting occurred after the deposition of the Izumi Group. Based on detailed fieldwork and previous studies, the authors reconstruct the kinematic history along the MTL during the Paleogene period, which has not been fully understood before. It is noted that although the strata of the Izumi Group along the MTL dip gently, east–west-trending north-vergent folds with the wavelength of ∼300 m commonly develop up to 2 km north from the MTL. Along the MTL, a disturbed zone of the Izumi Group up to 400 m thick, defined by the development of boudinage structures with the transverse boudin axis dipping nearly parallel to the MTL, occurs. Furthermore, east–west-trending north-vergent folds with the wavelength of 1–5 m develop within the distance up to 60 m from the MTL. The disturbed zone with the map-scale north-vergent folds along the MTL, strongly suggests that they formed due to normal faulting with a top-to-the-north sense along the MTL. Considering that the normal faulting is associated with the final exhumation of the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks, and its juxtaposition against the Izumi Group at depth, this perhaps occurred before the denudation of the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks indicated by the deposition of the Lower Eocene Hiwada-toge Formation. Dynamic equilibrium between crustal thickening at depth (underplating) and extension at shallow level is a plausible explanation for the normal faulting because the arc-normal extension suggests gravity as the driving force. 相似文献
7.
A variety of low‐ to high‐pressure metamorphic assemblages occur in the metabasic rocks and metachert in the Upper Cretaceous–Eocene ophiolite belt of the central part of the Naga Hills, an area in the northern sector of the Indo–Myanmar Ranges in the Indo–Eurasian collision zone. The ophiolite suite includes peridotite tectonite containing garnet lherzolite xenoliths, layered ultramafic–mafic cumulates, metabasic rocks, basaltic lava, volcaniclastics, plagiogranite, and pelagic sediments emplaced as dismembered and imbricated bodies at thrust contacts between moderately metamorphosed accretionary rocks/basement (Nimi Formation/Naga Metamorphics) and marine sediments (Disang Flysch). It is overlain by coarse clastic Paleogene sediments of ophiolite‐derived rocks (Jopi/Phokphur Formation). The metabasic rocks, including high‐grade barroisite/glaucophane‐bearing epidote eclogite and glaucophane schist, and low‐grade greenschist and prehnite–clinochlore schist, are associated with lava flows and ultramafic cumulates at the western thrust contact. Chemically, the metabasites show a low‐K tholeiitic affinity that favors derivation from a depleted mantle source as in the case of mid‐ocean ridge basalt. Thermobarometry indicates peak P–T conditions of about 20 kb and 525°C. Retrogression related to uplift is marked by replacement of barroisite and omphacite by glaucophane followed by secondary actinolite, albite, and chlorite formation. A metabasic lens with an eclogite core surrounded by successive layers of glaucophane schist and greenschist provides field evidence of retrogression and uplift. Presence of S‐C mylonite in garnet lherzolite and ‘mica fish’ in glaucophane schist indicates ductile deformation in the shear zone along which the ophiolite was emplaced. 相似文献
8.
Petrogenesis of garnet lherzolite, Cima di Gagnone, Lepontine Alps 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Garnet lherzolite at Cima di Gagnone has chemical and mineralogical properties similar to those of other garnet lherzolites in the lower Pennine Adula/Cima Lunga Nappe (Alpe Arami, Monte Duria). The Cima di Gagnone occurrence encloses mafic boudins that belong to an eclogite-metarodingite suite common in the numerous neighboring ultramafic lenses. The ultramafic rocks at Cima di Gagnone, including the garnet lherzolite, are interpreted as tectonic fragments of an originally larger lherzolite body that underwent at least partial serpentinization prior to regional metamorphism. This lherzolite body cycled through at least three metamorphic facies: greenschist or blue-schist (as antigorite serpentinite) → eclogite (as garnet lherzolite), pre-Alpine or early Alpine → amphibolite facies (as chlorite-enstatite-tremolite peridotite), Lepontine metamorphism. Relics of titanoclinohumite in the garnet peridotite, as also recorded by Möckel near Alpe Arami, are consistent with this metamorphic history, since they indicate a possible connection with Pennine antigorite serpentinites, e.g., Liguria, Piedmont, Zermatt-Saas, Malenco, Pustertal, all of which have widespread titanoclinohumite belonging to the antigorite paragenesis. Estimated pressures in excess of 20 kbar and temperatures of 800°±50°C for the garnet lherzolite assemblage are not inconsistent with conditions inferred for Gagnone and Arami eclogites. These conditions could have been reached during deep subduction zone metamorphism. It is shown by calculation that the effects of Fe and Cr on the location of the garnet lherzolite/spinel lherzolite phase boundary largely counter-balance each other. 相似文献
9.
Ken-ichi Hirauchi Izumi Segawa Yui Kouketsu Yumiko Harigane Yasuhiko Ohara Jonathan Snow Atlanta Sen Masakazu Fujii Kyoko Okino 《Island Arc》2021,30(1):e12419
We determined the mineralogical and petrological characteristics of ultramafic rocks dredged from two oceanic core complexes: the Mado Megamullion and 23°30′N non-transform offset massif, which are located within the Shikoku back-arc basin in the Philippine Sea. The ultramafic rocks are strongly serpentinized, but can be classified as harzburgite/lherzolite or dunite, based on relict primary minerals and their pseudomorphs. Strongly elongated pyroxene porphyroclasts with undulatory extinction indicate high-temperature (≥700 °C) strain localization on a detachment fault within the upper mantle at depths below the brittle–viscous transition. During exhumation, the peridotites underwent impregnation by magmatic or hydrothermal fluids, lizardite/chrysotile serpentinization at ≤300 °C, antigorite crystallization, and silica metasomatism that formed talc. These features indicate that the detachment fault zones formed a fluid pathway and facilitated a range of fluid–peridotite interactions. 相似文献
10.
ChengChuan Gu Guang Zhu MingJian Zhai ShaoZe Lin LiHong Song Bei Liu 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2016,59(12):2389-2410
The NE-striking Yilan-Yitong Fault Zone(YYFZ) with a length of ca. 900 km is an important major fault zone in northeastern China. Its origin has been a controversial issue for a long time. Detailed field investigation and comprehensive analyses show that strike-slip faults or ductile shear belts exist as the origination structures on the both shoulders of the Cretaceous-Paleogene grabens. These strike-slip structures are dominated by brittle transcurrent faults, and appear as ductile shear belts only in the Weiyuanpu-Yehe and Shulan parts in the south and middle of the fault zone, respectively. The shear belts strike NE-SW and show steep mylonitic foliation and gentle mineral elongation lineation. Outcrop structures, microstructures and quartz c-axis fabrics demonstrate a sinistral shear sense with minor reverse component for the ductile shear belts. The microstructures suggest deformation temperatures of 400–450°C for the Weiyuanpu-Yehe shear belts and 350–400°C for the Shulan shear belt. A series of zircon U-Pb dating results for deformed and undeformed plutons or dikes in the shear belts constrain the strike-slip motion to the time between 160 and 126 Ma. It is further inferred from ages of main geological events in this region that the fault zone originated in the earliest Early Cretaceous. It is suggested therefore that the southern and middle parts of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone, which originated in Middle Triassic, propagated into northeastern China along the sinistral YYFZ under the earliest Early Cretaceous regional compression that is referred to as the Yanshan B event. The earliest Early Cretaceous initiation of the YYFZ results from both the high-speed oblique subduction of the Izanagi Plate and the final closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean, but the Izanagi Plate subduction played a major dynamic role in the fault zone origin. 相似文献
11.
A. Rigo A. Souriau H. Pauchet A. Grésillaud M. Nicolas C. Olivera S. Figueras 《Journal of Seismology》1997,1(1):3-14
An earthquake with local magnitude (ML) 5.2 occurred February 18, 1996 in the eastern Pyrenees (France) near the town of Saint-Paul de Fenouillet. This event is the first of this magnitude in France to be well recorded instrumentally. Less than 24 hours after the main shock, we installed a temporary network of 30 seismological stations in the epicentral area to record the aftershock sequence. In this paper, we analyse the main shock and present the 37 largest aftershocks (1.8 Ml 3.4) in the two months following the main shock. These events are located using data from the permanent Pyrenean seismological network and the temporary network when available. We also determined eight fault plane solutions using the P-wave first motions. The main shock and the aftershocks are located inside the small Agly massif. This Hercynian structure sits some 8 km north of the North Pyrenean Fault, which is usually considered to be the suture between the Iberian and Eurasian plates. The mechanism of the main shock is a left-lateral strike-slip on an E–W trending fault. The fault plane solutions of the aftershocks are mostly E–W striking reverse faults, in agreement with the general north-south shortening of the Pyrenees. The aftershocks located down to 11 km depth, indicating that the Agly massif is deeply fractured. The main interpretations of these results are: (i) The main shock involved an E–W trending fault inside the highly fractured Agly massif, relaying the North Pyrenean Fault which had, at least in the last 35 years, a poor seismic activity along this segment; (ii) The Saint-Paul de Fenouillet syncline to the north and the North Pyrenean Fault to the south delimit a 15 km wide senestral shear zone. Such a structure is also suggested by the highly fractured pattern of the Agly massif and by small en echelon faults and secondary folds in the Saint-Paul de Fenouillet syncline; (iii) we suggest that the North Pyrenean Frontal Thrust, located less than 10 km north of the Agly massif, has a ramp geometry at depth below the Agly massif. 相似文献
12.
Wallace Gary Ernst 《Island Arc》2010,19(2):213-229
During late Mesozoic subduction of paleo‐Pacific lithospheric plates, numerous gold vein deposits formed in the Dabie–Sulu Belt of east‐central China plus its east‐Asian extensions, and in the Klamath Mountains plus Sierran Foothills of northern California. In eastern Asia, earlier transpression and continental collision at about 305–210 Ma generated a high pressure–ultrahigh pressure orogen, but failed to produce widespread intermediate to felsic magmatism or abundant hydrothermal gold deposits. Similarly in northern California, strike‐slip ± minor transtension–transpression over the interval of about 380–160 Ma resulted in the episodic stranding of oceanic terranes, but generated few granitoid magmas or Au ore bodies. However, for both continental margin realms, nearly head‐on Cretaceous destruction of oceanic lithosphere involved sustained underflow; reaching magmagenic depths of about 100 km, the descending mafic‐ultramafic plates dewatered, producing voluminous calc‐alkaline arc magmas. Ascent of these plutons into the middle and upper crust released CO2 ± S‐bearing aqueous fluids and/or devolatilized the contact‐metamorphosed wall rocks. Such hydrothermal fluids transported gold along fractures and fault zones, precipitating it locally in response to cooling, fluid mixing, and/or reactions with wall rocks of contrasting compositions (e.g. serpentinite, marble). In contrast, where sialic crust was subducted to depths of about 100 km, only minor production of granitoid melts occurred, and few major coeval Au vein deposits formed. The mobilization of precious metal‐bearing fluids in continental margin and island arc environments apparently requires long‐continued, nearly orthogonal descent of oceanic, not continental, lithosphere. 相似文献
13.
内蒙古大青山地区的临河-集宁断裂带是华北板块北缘的一条重要断裂带。它主要由韧性剪切带、韧脆性剪切带和推覆构造等构成。推覆构造自南向北可分为叠瓦逆冲推覆构造带、紧闭褶皱-逆冲断层变形带、宽缓褶皱一断层转折褶皱带、滑脱褶皱一断层传播褶皱带等4个变形带。断裂带从韧性到脆性表示了其出露深度不同。并有由南到北活动强度逐渐减弱的趋势。该区主要分布有以金为主的多金属矿床和以煤、大理岩为主的非金属矿床。区内金多金属矿床多与韧性剪切带有关,断裂构造为金属矿床的形成提供了空间,也是成矿物质的通道。研究指出了该地区的找矿前景与方向。 相似文献
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Lower Cretaceous red sedimentary rocks from the depositional basin of East Qilian fold belt have been collected for a paleomagnetic study. Stepwise thermal demagnetization reveals two or three components of magnetization from dark red sandstones. Low-temperature magnetic component is consistent with the present Earth Field direction in geographic coordinates. High-temperature magnetic components are mainly carried by hematite. The mean pole of 19 sites for high-temperature magnetic components after tilt-correction is λ=62.2°N, φ=193.4°E, A95=3.2°, and it passes fold tests at 99% confidence level and reversal tests at 95% confidence level. The paleopole is insignificantly different from that of Halim et al. (1998) from the same sampling area at the 95% confidence level. Compared with paleomagnetic results for North China, South China, and Eurasia, our results suggest that no significant relative latitudinal displacement has taken place between Lanzhou region and these blocks since Cretaceous time. Remarkably, the pole of Lanzhou shows a 20° clockwise rotation with respect to those of North China, South China, and Eurasia. Geological information indicates that the crustal shortening in the western part of Qilian is greater than that in eastern part. In this case, the clockwise rotation of sampling area was related to India/Eurasia collision, and this collision resulted in a left-lateral strike-slip motion of the Altun fault in north Tibetan Plateau after the Cretaceous. 相似文献
16.
Changes in magnetic and fractal properties of fractured granites near the Nojima Fault, Japan 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) has been used to infer finite strain fabrics in plastically deformed rocks, but there are few studies of magnetic properties in fractured fault rocks. Changes in magnetic and fractal properties of fractured granites from the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University (DPRI) 500 m drilling core towards the Nojima Fault and of the well-foliated fault gouge are described. Fractal analysis of fractured granites shows that the fractal dimension ( D ) increases linearly toward the gouge zone of the fault. In weakly fractured granites ( D = 1.05–1.24), it was found that the degree of AMS correlates positively with the fractal dimension, suggesting a fracture-related magnetic fabric due to fracturing. In strongly fractured granites ( D = 1.25–1.50), weaker, nearly isotropic AMS is found, suggesting erasure by the fragmentation of the magnetic minerals. Within the fault gouge zone, an isotropic AMS fabric was found, as well as twofold increases in magnetic intensity and susceptibility. These changes reflect the production of new magnetite grains, subsequently confirmed by hysteresis studies, which suggests that fault gouge might be regarded as the source of the regional geomagnetic field contrast along active faults. Thus, AMS is clearly a potentially useful tool for inferring the fracturing texture of magnetic minerals in fractured rocks and detecting active faults from the high susceptibility contrast of fault gouge. 相似文献
17.
喀什河断裂带是我国北天山西段一条规模较大的活动断裂,第四纪以来垂直运动速率为3.8毫米/年,现今地震活动频繁。历史上曾发生过1812年尼勒克8级地震,沿断层带造成长达80公里的形变带,史前地震也很活跃,经初步研究,断裂带至少发生过两次古地震活动,大震复发周期为2000—2500年 相似文献
18.
郯庐断裂带是一条纵贯我国大陆东部NNE走向的巨型深断裂,其中南段及邻区(115°E—122°E,29°N—38°N)跨越了华北断块区、扬子断块区和华南褶皱系三大一级构造单元,由于其重要性和复杂性,长期以来一直是地学家们研究的热点.本文从国际地震中心(ISC)、中国地震台网及区域地震台网的地震观测报告中精心挑选出6381个Pn震相数据,用Pn波时间项层析成像法反演得到了郯庐断裂带中南段及邻区上地幔顶部Pn波速度结构和各向异性.结果显示,研究区上地幔顶部具有显著的横向非均匀性,相对于7.95km·s-1的平均速度而言,Pn波速度值在7.68~8.24km·s-1范围内变化.Pn波速度分布在郯庐断裂带中段和南段具有分段性:沿中段及周边存在一NE向低速异常带,低速可能是由于岩石圈的减薄和软流圈的高温物质沿郯庐带上涌导致;沿南段表现为一NNE向弱高波速异常带,作为高低速的边界带清晰地勾勒出了华北与扬子这两个不同块体,该边界在江苏域向华北地块NW方向凹进.Pn波速度各向异性的强弱与速度分布存在一定的相关性.总体上,如鲁西隆起及以南等低速区、茅山断裂附近的高低速过渡带,其速度各向异性较为强烈;而在具有高速异常的苏北盆地、合肥盆地等稳定区域下方其各向异性较弱.本文通过Pn波震相基本未能探测到郯庐断裂带中段的方位各向异性,推测是上地幔顶部被"冻结"下来的各向异性痕迹被软流圈热物质上涌这一强烈构造运动削弱所导致.南段具有与断裂伸展方向近乎平行的快波速方向.Pn波速度横向变化和强震活动存在一定关联.强震主要发生在Pn波低速异常区或高低速过渡带上.郯城8.5级地震震中位于中段和南段高低速过渡带,该区域也是速度横向变化最大的地方,最容易集中应力和产生应力差. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTIONManyhlstoric andrecent eaythquakes occurred along the Zhan9lakou－Penglal fanfaut zone situatedIn h。northern part of North China seismic regl()n(Fig．l),Including Sanhe－Pinggu MS．0 earthquakeonseptemberZ,1679 and Tangshan M7．8 eal’thquake on July28,1976．Afterthe Tangshanearthquake,a seismic quiescence along this zone lasted for 20 or more yeas without M 3 6．0eafthquake．Butonjanuary20,1998 theZhangbel M6．2 eafthquake occurred·Then the seismicactivity tends to … 相似文献