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天气尺度系统稳定性结构、相路特征的分岔及热源时间振荡影响问题的探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文研究了有关天气系统突变的非线性因子的影响效应,指出环境大尺度基本流场的平流输送及不同尺度系统的能量转换可能对天气尺度系统异变起了重要作用;由大气扰动偏离与趋于平衡态的过程,看出扰动发展与衰减的速率与平流输送、不同尺度能量转换的非线性作用有关,还研究了扰动稳定性结构与相路特征的分岔问题和热源对扰动解的影响效应,揭示出热源时间振荡与大气扰动存在着非线性的相关,可能导致扰动的突变。 相似文献
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THE IMPACT OF MID-LATITUDE CIRCULATION OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU ON THE TRACK OF TYPHOON OVER THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC 
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下载免费PDF全文 There is a close relationship between variation of middle latitude synoptic system over theTibetan Plateau and movement of typhoon over the Northwest Pacific.This paper tries to discussthe mechanism of it through the numerical simulation and dynamic diagnosis.25-year statistical results during the period from 1970 to 1995 indicate that the relationshipbetween middle latitude circulation over the Plateau and the track of typhoon over the NorthwestPacific are as follows.When longwave trough in 500 hPa isobaric surface over the Plateau.it isfavourable to typhoon's westward movement:on the contrary,large scale anticyclone over thePlateau is favourable to typhoon's recurvature.We simulated the typhoon under these two flowpatterns with MM5 model.Numerical simulation results showed that:(a)Longwave trough on500 hPa surface over the Plateau makes subtropical high extended westward so as to typhoon southto high moves westward in easterly steering flow.(b)Anticyclone over the Plateau will bringabout the longwave trough developing along the east coast of Asia,it'will usually cause typhoonrecurring in front of the developed trough.In addition,the results of dynamic diagnosis show the physical mechanism on impact ofsynoptic system over the Plateau on the downstream synoptic system,that is,the transport ofdisturbance kinetic energy over the upstream Plateau makes the downstream trough developed.And then it affects the steering flow of typhoon.Because of existence of the high ridge over thePlateau.the energy transport channel moves to north.On the contrary,the trough exists over thePlateau,the energy transport channel moves to south.The southerly in front of trough over thePlateau and the southerly in the east part of typhoon transport low potential vorticity of lowlatitude into subtropical high.That is beneficial to development of subtropical high and affectstyphoon's movement.These results fully reflect the impact of interaction between mid-latitude andlow latitude on synoptic system. 相似文献
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THE IMPACT OF MID-LATITUDE CIRCULATION OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU ON THE TRACK OF TYPHOON OVER THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC* 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 There is a close relationship between variation of middle latitude synoptic system over the Tibetan Plateau and movement of typhoon over the Northwest Pacific.This paper tries to discuss the mechanism of it through the numerical simulation and dynamic diagnosis.25-year statistical results during the period from 1970 to 1995 indicate that the relationship between middle latitude circulation over the Plateau and the track of typhoon over the Northwest Pacific are as follows.When longwave trough in 500 hPa isobaric surface over the Plateau.it is favourable to typhoon's westward movement:on the contrary,large scale anticyclone over the Plateau is favourable to typhoon's recurvature.We simulated the typhoon under these two flow patterns with MM5 model.Numerical simulation results showed that:(a)Longwave trough on 500 hPa surface over the Plateau makes subtropical high extended westward so as to typhoon south to high moves westward in easterly steering flow.(b)Anticyclone over the Plateau will bring about the longwave trough developing along the east coast of Asia,it'will usually cause typhoon recurring in front of the developed trough.In addition,the results of dynamic diagnosis show the physical mechanism on impact of synoptic system over the Plateau on the downstream synoptic system,that is,the transport of disturbance kinetic energy over the upstream Plateau makes the downstream trough developed.And then it affects the steering flow of typhoon.Because of existence of the high ridge over the Plateau.the energy transport channel moves to north.On the contrary,the trough exists over the Plateau,the energy transport channel moves to south.The southerly in front of trough over the Plateau and the southerly in the east part of typhoon transport low potential vorticity of low latitude into subtropical high.That is beneficial to development of subtropical high and affects typhoon's movement.These results fully reflect the impact of interaction between mid-latitude and low latitude on synoptic system. 相似文献
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“96.8”暴雨过程中不同尺度系统的相互作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用动能方程计算了天气尺度,次天气尺度的动能以及非线性相互作用的动能,分析了“９６．８”暴雨过程强降水时段的主要动力过程,结果表明：在暴雨系统中,存在着天气尺度和次天气尺度系统间的相互作用,天气尺度动能减小,次天气尺度动能增加,即对于次天气尺度系统而言,天气尺度系统是一个动能源,通过非线性相互作用,天气尺度系统把动能传递给次天气尺度系统,使暴雨系统得以发展。 相似文献
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宁夏地区"6.8"暴雨天气过程的可能物理成因 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文应用天气学分析及诊断分析方法,对2002年6月8日发生在宁夏的罕见暴雨天气过程进行分析。研究结果表明,暴雨天气是在有利的“东高西低”降水形势下产生的,其主要的触发天气系统是500hPa冷槽、700hPa高原低涡及地面锢囚锋。从动力学理论的分析角度来说,在宁夏地区的垂直方向上风速廓线线性和非线性分布激发产生了中尺度重力惯性波以及涡旋Rossby波,这两种中尺度扰动在切变基流中有可能发生不稳定,最终导致宁夏地区“6．8”暴雨天气过程的产生。而稳定的“东阻形势”和西南低空急流的维持是暴雨爆发与持续的可能主要原因。 相似文献
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THE EFFECTS OF VERTICAL VARIATION OF BASIC FLOW AND HORIZONTAL GRADIENT OF TEMPERATURE ON LINEAR AND NONLINEAR GRAVITY WAVES 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 By using two-dimensional dynamical equations in x-z plane with Boussinesq approximation,the effects of the second-order vertical shear of the basic flow uzz and the horizontal gradient of temperature (M) on the gravity wave and the isolated gravity wave are discussed.The magnitudes of uzz and M corresponding to the linear and nonlinear stabilities of the gravity waves are worked out,respectively.The results show that amplitude and width of the isolate dgravity wave are closely related to uzz and M.It is indicated that the isolated gravity wave with a width of about 10 km can be motivated by the disturbance of sub-synoptic scale in the certain ranges of flow field shear and temperature gradient,while the motivated waves may be associated with the cold surge ahead of a cold front and the other mesoscale synoptic systems. 相似文献
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使用不同的天气尺度初值作强对流暴雨预报的差别及其原因 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
分别用暴雨开始前和暴雨刚开始两个探空时次的天气尺度初值场作1982年6月19～20日鄂东特大暴雨过程的中尺度模拟预报.前者相当成功,后者完全失败.探究其原因说明中尺度数值预报可以用天气尺度初始场的一个重要条件是模式初始时刻在关注的区域及其附近不存在即将造成或已经造成强降水的强中尺度扰动.如若不然,则可能由于模式起转(Spinup)的延误,实际存在的中尺度扰动对天气尺度变化的强大反馈作用不能体现,会使天气尺度的预报从一开始就显著歧离实际,其带来的结果不是中尺度时、空细节的预报误差,而是全区域性的预报失败.这个试验还进一步证实伴随暴雨的强非绝热反馈作用是暖切变型梅雨锋发展和准静止持续乃至周边区域形势维持的最重要的直接因子. 相似文献
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Luo Dehai 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1992,6(3):390-394
Introducing the concept of pseudo-momentum, a generalized Arnold-Dikii functional is established, and then thesufficient condition for stability of nonlinear wave motion in the barotropic nondivergent atmosphere is derived by useof variational principle. It is found that the stability of nonlinear wave motion depends not only on its streamfield distri-bution, but also on its phase speed for the propagating nonlinear wave motion. Moreover, the stability criterion of trav-elling modon is also obtained, and it is shown that the travelling modon is stable if the scale of disturbance superimposedon the travelling modon remains to be less than that of the travelling modon. 相似文献
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热带气旋外围环流中次天气尺度系统及其与天气尺度系统相互作用的诊断分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文应用带通滤波的方法,分离出热带气旋外围环流中的天气尺度和次天气尺度系统。发现热带气旋外围强降水与低层次天气尺度系统的辐合关系相当密切。文中还计算了两种尺度系统间的动能和涡度转换。得出:在650hPa以上基本上是天气尺度系统向次天气尺度系统提供动能,在650hPa以下基本上是次天气尺度系统向天气尺度系统提供动能,整层积分的结果是天气尺度系统向次天气尺度系统提供动能。在900hPa和400hPa之间的涡度转换为次天气尺度系统向天气尺度系统转换,即涡度转换的结果是使得次天气尺度系统气旋性减弱,天气尺度系统气旋性增强。900hPa以下和400hPa以上则相反。整层积分的结果是次天气尺度系统向天气尺度系统提供正涡度。 相似文献
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本文用多层模式探讨了中间尺度扰动发生发展的几种可能机制,其中包括:斜压切变、静力稳定度、凝结反馈等,并对中间尺度的扰动结构进行了分析。文章最后结合天气事实对中间尺度的生成机制进行了分析讨论,得到了一些有意义的结论。 相似文献
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In this paper,a nonlinear dynamical system considering the interactions among ultra-long wave,long wave and zonal flow in a baroelinic atmosphere was found.In this system,thermal forcing and frictional dissipation are regarded as the external parameters.The procedure,in which the maps of orbit in phase space,contour of stream function and section of Poincaré mapping are combined with each other,is used to determine the distributions of system states and circulation patterns and to draw the corresponding diagrams.The results show that by using the Galerkin method,there is no essential influence of the increasing of orders of truncated-spectrum in a certain range on the distributions of system states and circulation patterns,but it makes them somewhat complexities.By contrast,the changing of distribution of thermal forcing exerts a great influence on the system.Blocking high links closely with the oscillating of the atmospheric circulation and the meridional growing intensely,while the development of synoptic wave can promote the oscillating. 相似文献
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北大西洋涛动位相转换的数值研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
借助一个非线性准地转正压模型,模拟了基本西风气流的强弱、不同空间分布的天气尺度扰动涡对北大西洋涛动(NAO)位相转换的作用,以及大尺度双波地形对其的影响.通过一系列的对比试验发现,适当弱的基本西风气流有利于下游系统西退使NAO由正(负)位相转换为负(正)位相;振幅强、活动范围大的天气尺度扰动波是NAO由负位相转换为正位... 相似文献
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采用中尺度数值模式MM5V2对1998年6月下旬发生在长江流域持续的暴雨过程进行分析研究。通过尺度分离与数值模拟对比试验，着重分析了暴雨过程中天气尺度与次天气尺度各物理量场的结构特征，提出本次暴雨过程形成的物理机制:天气尺度流场与水汽场为降水提供持续的远距离水汽输送通道，次天气尺度流场形成稳定的经向强辐合，为水汽的抬升与凝结提供动力条件；在有利的高、低空急流的配置下，暴雨区落在高空急流轴以南、低空急流轴以北；次天气尺度温度场下暖上冷的热力不稳定层结促进了热力不稳定的发展，促使暴雨增幅；特大暴雨发生地区上空的次天气尺度湿度的高值中心，有利于湿空气在上升运动中释放潜热，形成暴雨的反馈机制。数值试验分离模式初始场不同尺度系统信息，揭示了不同尺度系统在暴雨发生过程中的动力作用，没有中尺度系统的配合，仅有天气尺度系统信息，或只有次天气尺度系统信息，没有大尺度系统的配合，暴雨的强度及范围都将有所消减。分析及数值试验结果表明大暴雨是在天气尺度和次天气尺度系统的共同作用下才得以产生和维持的。 相似文献
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本文对热带和副热带湿大气的大尺度运动的热力学性质和动力学性质进行了分析。结果表明,热带湿大气运动的性质与干大气有着巨大的差异,也与中、高纬度地区的大气运动有着很大的不同。指出热带是位势运动、辐合辐散和上升运动广泛盛行的地区。我们所得的结果与Charney对干大气的分析不一致,也与Murakami对湿大气的分析不一致。我们的结果与实际比较符合,从而证实了谢义炳教授最近提出的空气湿度对大气运动有重要影响的观点。同时,我们提出了一种反映热带大气具有强位势运动特点的风压场的关系,这种关系在任何中、高纬度地区风压场关系的研究中所不曾出现过的。 相似文献
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D. R. Chakraborty 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2005,89(1-4):87-103
Summary The present paper addressed the issue of growth of planetary boundary-layer fluxes on the time scale of MJO based on ECMWF reanalysis daily data of 180 days covering April–September, 2001. Diagnostic analysis of this data set utilises computations of moisture and sensible heat fluxes in the frequency domain which involve nonlinear interactions phenomena of MJO time scale with the synoptic scales. Basically the whole computations performed are based on surface similarity theory and Richardson number dependent K-theory in the surface and planetary boundary layer (PBL), respectively, both invoke triple product nonlinearilies. Present observational study shows that among the totality of the triads participating in phase-locking phenomena, a prominent band of those reside in the MJO time scales (30 to 60 days) and the synoptic time scales (3 to 7 days). The study suggests that the low frequency variability on MJO time scale in moisture and sensible heat flux arises from its nonlinear interactions with synoptic time scales. The results show that the phases of the three interacting oscillations associated with specific humidity/SST, Richardson number dependent instability factor and wind shear are positive and reasonably close to each other. The amplitudes of the synoptic scale oscillations are not insignificant compared to that of MJO. These dynamical aspects regarding the phases and amplitudes of the three participating oscillations favour the nonlinear interactions of MJO to the synoptic scales and thus lead to rapid exchange of energy transfer to the former.Visiting scientist from Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune-411008, India. 相似文献
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斜压切变基流中横波型扰动的特征波动 Ⅱ:谱函数 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
“斜压切变基流中横波型扰动的特征波动Ⅰ谱点分布”一文中分析了斜压切变基流中横波型扰动的谱点分布，这里又对其谱函数进行了分析讨论。结果表明当基流在垂直方向存在切变时，重力惯性波与涡旋波的谱函数在垂直方向上均可出现临界层，临界层的高度随频率σ而变化，即重力惯性波与涡旋波都存在连续谱，但涡旋波与重力惯性波连续谱的结构却不同；对天气尺度扰动，两支重力惯性波和1支涡旋波的连续谱不重叠，此时每支波动仅有1个临界层；而对次天气尺度的扰动，重力惯性波与涡旋波的连续谱区会发生重叠，在连续谱的重叠区，重力惯性波仍只有1个临界层，但涡旋波则可以有2个或3个临界层。无论是涡旋波还是重力惯性波其连续谱的波包随时间都是衰减的，但涡旋波波包比重力惯性波波包衰减得慢。 相似文献
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利用1960—2015年NCEP全球再分析日平均资料和中国国家气象站20时的日降水量资料,分析在超长波、长波和天气尺度波的不同尺度纬向风场中,夏季东亚副热带西风急流的空间分布和活动特征,初步研究了不同尺度波的东亚副热带西风急流与典型梅雨异常年降水的关系,通过分析东亚副热带急流的周期性变化,进一步探讨本研究工作的实际应用价值。研究表明,超长波是东亚副热带西风急流扰动的主要成分,与急流位置的演变具有较高的一致性,对于梅雨期间的雨带位置和强度变化均有较好的指示意义;长波、天气尺度波是叠加在超长波上的次低频和中间尺度扰动,后者与梅雨强度的变化有一定对应关系。东亚副热带西风急流与其超长波的位置变化具有明显的单、双周振荡特征,在实际预报业务中可以充分利用超长波的周期性和较高预报技巧,为中期天气分析和预报提供更有价值的参考信息。 相似文献
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文中利用一个半位势涡度时间不变式对热带斜压大气地转适应过程中的尺度准则进行了研究。结果表明 :对深厚系统而言 ,只要初始扰动的纬圈特征尺度足够大 ,则不论其初始扰动的经圈特征尺度多大 ,适应后的压力场的变化都很大 ,而纬圈流几乎维持不变 ,压力场向纬圈流适应 ;至于浅薄系统 ,对纬圈和经圈特征尺度都很大的初始扰动而言 ,适应后的压力场易于维持 ,主要是纬圈流向压力场适应 ;但当初始扰动呈现出纬圈型扰动特征时 ,适应后的压力场变化也很大 ,压力场向纬圈流适应 相似文献