共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
Sea Surface Height (SSH) variability in the Indian Ocean during 1993-1995 is studied using TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) altimetry data. Strong interannual variability is seen in the surface circulation of the western Arabian Sea, especially in the Somali eddy structure. During the Southwest (SW) monsoon, a weak monsoon year is characterized by a single eddy system off Somalia, a strong or normal monsoon year by several energetic eddies. The Laccadive High (LH) and Laccadive Low (LL) systems off southwest India are observed in the altimetric SSH record. The variability of the East India Coastal Current (EICC), the western boundary current in the Bay of Bengal, is also detected. Evidence is found for the propagation of Kelvin and Rossby waves across the northern Indian Ocean; these are examined in the context of energy transfer to the western boundary currents, and associated eddies. A simple wind-driven isopycnal model having three active layers is implemented to simulate the seasonal changes of surface and subsurface circulation in the North Indian Ocean and to examine the response to different wind forcing. The wind forcing is derived from the ERS-1 scatterometer wind stress for the same period as the T/P altimeter data, enabling the model response in different (active/weak) monsoon conditions to be tested. The model output is derived in 10-day snapshots to match the time period of the T/P altimeter cycles. Complex Principal Component Analysis (CPCA) is applied to both altimetric and model SSH data. This confirms that long Rossby waves are excited by the remotely forced Kelvin waves off the southwest coast of India and contribute substantially to the variability of the seasonal circulation in the Arabian Sea. 相似文献
2.
Chunjian Sun Xidong Wang Anmin Zhang Lianxin Zhang Caixia Shao Guosong Wang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(5):27-40
The statistical characteristics and mechanisms of mesoscale eddies in the North Indian Ocean are investigated by adopting multi-sensor satellite data from 1993 to 2019. In the Arabian Sea(AS), seasonal variation of eddy characteristics is remarkable, while the intraseasonal variability caused by planetary waves is crucial in the Bay of Bengal(BOB). Seasonal variation of the eddy kinetic energy(EKE) is distinct along the west boundary of AS,especially in the Somali Current region. In the BOB, lar... 相似文献
3.
A. Raghunadha Rao G. Nageswara Rao P. Sreenivas P. V. Hareesh Kumar 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3):319-333
Spatial current data were collected from South eastern Arabian Sea during July 2009 (summer monsoon) and December 2009 (winter monsoon) using the vessel mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). During July 2009, observed ADCP currents were flowing southward along 75°E longitude with a complex pattern near the coast. During winter (December 2009), an anti-clockwise rotation of currents was observed in the study region, with its eastern arm along the southwest coast of India. The circulation pattern observed during the two seasons from ADCP measured data does not seem to follow any pattern described in climatology. To investigate this aspect, the geostrophic currents were computed utilizing the multi-mission altimeter sea surface height anomaly data for the corresponding months. The analysis of geostrophic currents indicates the presence of multiple eddies embedded in the Laccadive Low (LL) /Laccadive High (LH). Our present study shows that the meso-scale eddies embedded in the LL and LH play a significant role in deviating the observed circulation from climatology in this region. In addition, generating mechanisms of these eddies are addressed to substantiate our findings. The formation of these eddies is attributed to the local wind force during July 2009 and the enhanced baroclinic instability during December 2009. 相似文献
4.
Field measurements during the Bay of Bengal Monsoon Experiment (BOBMEX-99), data from a deep sea moored buoy, and satellite altimeter were used to describe variability in the hydrographic and meso-scale features in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) during the summer monsoon of 1999. The thermohaline fields showed two regions of upsloping of isopleths centered at 82°E and 84.75°E, ～110 km and 450 km away from the coast, respectively, followed by downsloping. The upsloping/downsloping of isopleths and the alternating currents was part of cyclonic and anti-cyclonic circulation patterns in the western BoB. In this region, both wind and current were important in the dynamics of coastal upwelling. The observations showed a relationship between the propagating waves and eddy on variability of thermohaline fields. On an annual cycle, four Kelvin waves were observed in the BoB, but only the downwelling Kelvin wave formed during October entered the Arabian Sea. During the monsoon season, four eddies were formed in the western BoB, of which the anticyclonic eddy centered at 15°N, 84°E and the cyclonic eddy centered at 17.5°N, 84.5°E were prominent. The baroclinic instability caused by the opposing currents along the east coast and the wind stress curl favored the formation of eddies. Okhubo-Weiss and Isern-Fontanet parameter confirmed the presence of eddies in the BoB. 相似文献
5.
Seasonal Variability of Near-Surface Heat Budget of Selected Oceanic Areas in the North Tropical Indian Ocean 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The results obtained from an Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM), the Modular Ocean Model 2.2, forced with the National
Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data, and observational data have
been utilized to document the climatological seasonal cycle of the upper ocean response in the Tropical Indian Ocean. We address
the various roles played by the net surface heat flux and the local and remote ocean dynamics for the seasonal variation of
near-surface heat budget in the Tropical Indian Ocean. The investigation is based in seven selected boxes in the Arabian Sea,
Bay of Bengal and the Equatorial Indian Ocean. The changes of basin-wide heat budget of ocean process in the Arabian Sea and
the Western Equatorial Indian Ocean show an annual cycle, whereas those in the Bay of Bengal and the Eastern Equatorial Indian
Ocean show a semi-annual cycle. The time tendency of heat budget in the Arabian Sea depends on both the net surface heat flux
and ocean dynamics while on the other hand, that in the Bay of Bengal depends mainly on the net surface flux. However, it
has been found that the changes of heat budget are very different between western and eastern regional sea areas in the Arabian
Sea and the Bay of Bengal, respectively. This difference depends on seasonal variations of the different local wind forcing
and the different ocean dynamics associated with ocean eddies and Kelvin and Rossby waves in each regional sea areas. We also
discuss the comparison and the connection for the seasonal variation of near-surface heat budget among their regional sea
areas.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Air-Sea Interaction, Coastal Circulation and Primary Production in the Eastern Arabian Sea: A Review
Air-sea interaction, coastal circulation and primary production exhibit an annual cycle in the eastern Arabian Sea (AS). During
June to September, strong southwesterly winds (4∼9 m s−1) promote sea surface cooling through surface heat loss and vertical mixing in the central AS and force the West India Coastal
Current equatorward. Positive wind stress curl induced by the Findlater jet facilitates Ekman pumping in the northern AS,
and equatorward-directed alongshore wind stress induces upwelling which lowers sea surface temperature by about 2.5°C (compared
to the offshore value) along the southwestern shelf of India and enhances phytoplankton concentration by more than 70% as
compared to that in the central AS. During winter monsoon, from November to March, dry and weak northeasterly winds (2–6 m
s−1) from the Indo-China continent enhance convective cooling of the upper ocean and deepen the mixed layer by more than 80 m,
thereby increasing the vertical flux of nutrients in the photic layer which promotes wintertime phytoplankton blooms in the
northern AS. The primary production rate integrated for photic layer and surface chlorophyll-a estimated from the Coastal
Zone Color Scanner, both averaged for the entire western India shelf, increases from winter to summer monsoon from 24 to 70
g C m−2month and from 9 to 24 mg m−2, respectively. Remotely-forced coastal Kelvin waves from the Bay of Bengal propagate into the coastal AS, which modulate
circulation pattern along the western India shelf; these Kelvin waves in turn radiate Rossby waves which reverse the circulation
in the Lakshadweep Sea semiannually. This review leads us to the conclusion that seasonal monsoon forcing and remotely forced
waves modulate the circulation and primary production in the eastern AS.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
The significant wave height and wind speed derived for the period 1993–2010 from altimeter data sets over the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean categorized as six zones has been analyzed. The average variation of both significant wave height and wind speed is found to be almost stable for the period of study. The study reveals that the average wind speed increases by about 6cm/sec/year during monsoon and post monsoon in the southern Indian Ocean. The distribution of wind and waves was studied in the context of seasonal variations. In addition, the average inter-annual and intra-annual variations along with the statistical parameters such as standard deviation, and root mean square wave height for the six zones are also reported in this paper. 相似文献
8.
R.R. Rao M.S. Girish Kumar M. Ravichandran A.R. Rao V.V. Gopalakrishna P. Thadathil 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(1):1-13
The observed variability of the Kelvin waves and their propagation in the equatorial wave guide of the Indian Ocean and in the coastal wave guides of the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and the southeastern Arabian Sea (AS) on seasonal to interannual time scales during years 1993–2006 is examined utilizing all the available satellite and in-situ measurements. The Kelvin wave regime inferred from the satellite-derived sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) shows a distinct annual cycle composed of two pairs of alternate upwelling (first one occurring during January–March and the second one occurring during August–September) and downwelling (first one occurring during April–June and the second one occurring during October–December) Kelvin waves that propagate eastward along the equator and hit the Sumatra coast and bifurcate. The northern branches propagate counterclockwise over varied distances along the coastal wave guide of the BoB. The potential mechanisms that contribute to the mid-way termination of the first upwelling and the first downwelling Kelvin waves in the wave guide of the BoB are hypothesized. The second downwelling Kelvin wave alone reaches the southeastern AS, and it shows large interannual variability caused primarily by similar variability in the equatorial westerly winds during boreal fall. The westward propagating downwelling Rossby waves triggered by the second downwelling Kelvin wave off the eastern rim of the BoB also shows large interannual variability in the near surface thermal structure derived from SODA analysis. The strength of the equatorial westerlies driven by the east–west gradient of the heat sources in the troposphere appears to be a critical factor in determining the observed interannual variability of the second downwelling Kelvin wave in the wave guides of the equatorial Indian Ocean, the coastal BoB, and the southeastern AS. 相似文献
9.
Monthly mesoscale eddy kinetic energy (EKE) per unit mass has been computed for four years, 1993-1996, from TOPEX altimeter data in the Indian Ocean. It ranges from 50 cm2/s2 to 2,700 cm2/s2 (about 4,000 cm2/s2 near the Somali region in a few months). In the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, regions of high energies associated with various current systems under the influence of monsoonal winds have been delineated. Monthly variation of EKE near the Somali region has been studied. In this region the maximum EKE per unit mass has been observed during August every year, with variations in magnitude from year to year. The mesoscale eddy kinetic energy computed from TOPEX altimeter-derived SSH during 1993-1996 is highest near the Somali region during the SW monsoon, due to formation of mesoscale eddies and also because of upwelling. In the Bay of Bengal, high eddy kinetic energy is seen toward the western side during nonmonsoonal months due to the western boundary current. In the South Indian Ocean, it is high at a few places in some of the months. A large part of the Indian Ocean exhibits low eddy kinetic energy (less than 300 cm2/s2) year-round. 相似文献
10.
Vinu Valsala 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(6):803-816
The spreading pathways of the Somali and Arabian coastal upwelled waters in the northern Indian Ocean are identified from
an ocean re-analysis data set of a single year using numerical passive tracers in a transport model. The Somali and Arabian
coastal upwelled waters are found to have entirely different spreading pathways in the northern Indian ocean. The former circulates
anticyclonically, is mixed vertically, and is advected to the eastern Indian Ocean along the north equatorial region; while
the later intrudes into the northern Arabian Sea, circulates anticyclonically and is advected to the south in the central
Arabian Sea and then to the eastern Indian Ocean. The seasonal surface mixing by strong monsoon winds and sheared currents
due to dominant eddies of the Somali region are found responsible for mixing 25% of Somali upwelled water with the subsurface
and affecting the resultant pathways. The effect of mixing is, however, found negligible in the case of Arabian coastal upwelled
water pathways. The seasonal reversal of circulation and eddy dominance during the southwest monsoon cause the Somali upwelled
water to spread over the northern Indian Ocean faster than the simultaneously upwelled Arabian coastal water. 相似文献
11.
Monthly mesoscale eddy kinetic energy (EKE) per unit mass has been computed for four years, 1993-1996, from TOPEX altimeter data in the Indian Ocean. It ranges from 50 cm2/s2 to 2,700 cm2/s2 (about 4,000 cm2/s2 near the Somali region in a few months). In the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, regions of high energies associated with various current systems under the influence of monsoonal winds have been delineated. Monthly variation of EKE near the Somali region has been studied. In this region the maximum EKE per unit mass has been observed during August every year, with variations in magnitude from year to year. The mesoscale eddy kinetic energy computed from TOPEX altimeter-derived SSH during 1993-1996 is highest near the Somali region during the SW monsoon, due to formation of mesoscale eddies and also because of upwelling. In the Bay of Bengal, high eddy kinetic energy is seen toward the western side during nonmonsoonal months due to the western boundary current. In the South Indian Ocean, it is high at a few places in some of the months. A large part of the Indian Ocean exhibits low eddy kinetic energy (less than 300 cm2/s2) year-round. 相似文献
12.
In this paper, the role of equatorial oceanic waves in affecting the evolution of the 2008 positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) event was evaluated using available observations and output from a quasi-analytical linear wave model. It was found that the 2008 positive IOD was an early matured and abruptly terminated event: developed in April, matured in July, and diminished in September. During the development and the maturation of the 2008 positive IOD event, the wind-forced Rossby waves played a dominant role in generating zonal current anomalies in the western equatorial Indian Ocean, while a complex interplay between the wind-forced upwelling Kelvin waves and the eastern-boundary-generated Rossby waves accounted for most of the variability in the eastern basin. The latter induced eastward zonal current anomalies near the eastern boundary during the peak phase of the event. The 2008 positive IOD event was abruptly terminated in mid-July. We found that there were strong eastward zonal currents in mid-July, though the surface wind anomalies in the eastern basin continued to be westward (upwelling favorable). Our analysis shows that these eastward zonal currents mainly resulted from the easternboundary-generated upwelling Rossby waves, although the contribution from the wind-forced downwelling Kelvin waves was not negligible. These eastward zonal currents terminated the zonal heat advection and provided a favorable condition for surface heat flux to warm the eastern basin. 相似文献
13.
南海TOPEX海面高度资料的混合同化试验 总被引：16，自引：10，他引：16
应用普林斯顿海洋模式（POM），对冬季南海由TOPEX／Poseidon得到的卫星遥感海面高度资料进行混合（blending)同化试验。混合同化的权重系数由以下两者决定：南海POM模式对冬季风强迫产生响应的海面高度场之标准方差；对应期间ＴＯＰＥＸ海面高度资料的标准方差。同化结果表明，混合同化方法不失为一种简单而又有效的同化方案。同化得到的南海环流结构与未同化的模式响应场比较可以发现：海面高度资料的同化试验能够有效地修正南海环流的若干大尺度特征，特别是对冬季黑潮入侵南海东北部的动力过程，同化结果有了更准确的描述。同时，另一个重要的修正表现在：同化试验中瞬变的中等尺度涡旋得到加强，体现了南海海洋天气尺度涡被资料同化所“唤醒”（trigger)。这种“唤醒”不仅明显地反映在表层环流场中，对南海次表层动力、热盐结构也有一定的影响。 相似文献
14.
Using observations and numerical simulations, this study examines the intraseasonal variability of the surface zonal current(u ISV) over the equatorial Indian Ocean, highlighting the seasonal and spatial differences, and the causes of the differences. Large-amplitude u ISV occurs in the eastern basin at around 80°–90°E and near the western boundary at 45°–55°E. In the eastern basin, the u ISV is mainly caused by the atmospheric intraseasonal oscillations(ISOs), which explains 91% of the standard... 相似文献
15.
V.V. Gopalakrishna F. Durand K. Nisha M. Lengaigne T.P. Boyer J. Costa R.R. Rao M. Ravichandran S. Amrithash L. John K. Girish C. Ravichandran V. Suneel 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(6):739-754
The southeastern Arabian Sea (SEAS), located in the Indian Ocean warm pool, is a key-region of the regional climate system. It is suspected to play an important role in the dynamics of the Asian summer monsoon system. The present study reports the salient features derived from a newly harvested observational dataset consisting of repeated fortnightly XBT transects in the SEAS over the period 2002–2008. The fortnightly resolution of such a multi-year record duration is unprecedented in this part of the world ocean and provides a unique opportunity to examine the observed variability of the near-surface thermal structure over a wide spectrum, from intra-seasonal to interannual timescales. We find that most of the variability is trapped in the thermocline, taking the form of upwelling and downwelling motions of the thermal stratification. The seasonal variations are consistent with past studies and confirm the role of the monsoonal wind forcing through linear baroclinic waves (coastally-trapped Kelvin and planetary Rossby waves). Sub-seasonal variability takes the form of anomalous events lasting a few weeks to a few months and occurs at two preferred timescales: in the 30–110 day band, within the frequency domain of the Madden–Julian oscillation and in the 120–180 day band. While this sub-seasonal variability appears fairly barotropic in the offshore region, the sign of the anomaly in the upper thermocline is opposite to that in its lower part on many occasions along the coast. Our dataset also reveals relatively large interannual temperature variations of about 1 °C from 50 to 200 m depth that reflect a considerable year-to-year variability of the magnitude of both upwelling and downwelling events. This study clearly demonstrates the necessity for sustained long-term temperature measurements in the SEAS. 相似文献
16.
The mechanism governing the mean state and the seasonal variation of the transports through the straits of the Japan Sea is
studied using a newly presented, simple analytical model and a basin scale general circulation model (GCM). The GCM reproduces
the transports through the straits of the Japan Sea realistically owing to its fine horizontal resolution of about 20 km and
realistic topography. A series of experiments conducted by changing surface forcing shows that the annual mean wind-driven
circulation in the North Pacific Ocean is most responsible for the formation of the mean transports. It is also found that
the seasonal variation of the alongshore component of monsoonal wind stress over the North Pacific basin, especially that
over the Okhotsk Sea, is responsible for the seasonal variation of the transports. The simple analytical model can explain
these simulated features very well. The physical concept of this model is based on the formation of the around-island circulation
through the adjustment of coastally trapped waves and Rossby waves and geostrophic control at the narrow straits. It solves
the sea surface heights (SSHs) at the edge of each strait and the transport through it. The value of the line integral of
the SSH along the island is determined by the baroclinic Rossby waves approaching the island from the east and the alongshore
wind stress around the island. The basin scale seasonal variation of SSH along the coast induced by the variation of the alongshore
monsoonal wind stress can also be incorporated into this model by giving the SSH anomaly at the northeastern point of the
Soya Strait. Thus, it is suggested that both the mean state and the seasonal variation are caused mainly by wind stress forcing.
Minor modification by the seasonal heat flux forcing brings the amplitude and the phase of the seasonal variation closer to
the observed values. 相似文献
17.
18.
赤道印度洋海温偶极子的气候影响及数值模拟研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在分析研究印度洋海温变化的基本特征,尤其是在分析赤道印度洋海温偶极子及其影响的基础上,利用IAP9L大气环流模式模拟研究了赤道印度洋海温偶极子异常对亚洲季风区气候变化的影响.其结果表明,印度洋、亚洲南部和东部地区的流场和降水都对印度洋海温异常的强迫作用比较敏感.正位相印度洋偶极子的作用使得赤道东印度洋-印度次大陆南部-阿拉伯海一带出现距平东风,孟加拉湾-中南半岛出现异常反气旋性环流,从而对减少印度南部和中南半岛南部、印度尼西亚地区的夏季降水,以及增加中国南部和东非的夏季降水有十分重要的作用.与此相反,负位相印度洋偶极子的作用将使赤道东印度洋附近出现西风异常,孟加拉湾-中南半岛存在异常气旋性环流,从而使印度次大陆和中南半岛南部、印度尼西亚地区的降水增加,使中国西部和孟加拉湾的降水减少.数值模拟结果与资料分析相互映证,切实地揭示了印度洋海温偶极子对亚洲季风区的气候变化有重要影响. 相似文献
19.
Rossby波对菲律宾以东太平洋海平面年际变化的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用能够反映斜压大洋对大尺度海表面风应力旋度响应的一层半约化重力模式研究菲律宾以东太平洋海区Rossby波与海平面年际变化的关系.模式分别利用海区东侧验潮站和卫星高度计海表面数据作初始东边界,对Rossby波西传路径上的风应力旋度进行积分,得到西侧海平面信号.结果发现,模拟的海平面信号跟验潮站和卫星高度计资料相关性很高,并能模拟出海平面年际变化特征和低(高)异常信号由东侧产生并向西传播的过程,反映了一阶斜压Rossby波对菲律宾以东太平洋海区年际海平面变化的动力机制. 相似文献
20.
台湾岛以东海域是黑潮变异最为强烈的区域之一,副热带逆流(STCC)区产生的大量涡旋西传至此,对台湾以东的黑潮流径和流量产生较大影响。但是受观测资料限制,目前对这些涡旋的垂向结构尚不清楚。利用ARGO剖面浮标资料并结合卫星高度计资料,对台湾岛以东的涡旋垂向结构及其运动特征进行了详细的分析。通过分析表明,这些涡旋垂向尺度可以深达2 000 m,水平尺度约200 km,其表层切向速度可以达60 cm/s,与黑潮流速相当,而在1 000 m层上的平均切向流速还可达8 cm/s左右。根据高度计资料分析,这些涡旋是源自STCC区的Rossby波西传结果,其Rossby变形半径为43 km,其相速度约4.2 cm/s。另外,根据浮标观测表明,1 000 m层上东海黑潮按照流速可明显分成3个区段。 相似文献