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大型藻酶解单细胞用于贝类育苗的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用海藻工具酶将紫菜和裙带菜解离成单细胞作为饵料对海湾扇贝亲贝和幼体、魁蚶亲贝和皱纹盘鲍稚鲍进行了研究。结果表明：(1)海湾扇贝亲贝全喂紫菜细胞其效果与喂全微藻的效果相近，亲贝都能成熟，排放精卵和正常胚胎发育。微藻与紫菜细胞混合投喂可加速性腺发育，性腺指数较高。全喂紫菜细胞能够满足幼体的生长发育和变态。但变态率、生长率较全喂微藻和混合投喂的低。(2)紫菜细胞和微藻分别或混合投喂魁蚶亲贝，都能满足亲贝的性腺发育，进行正常受精、孵化和变为D形幼体。(3)用裙带菜细胞投喂稚鲍与人工配合饵料比较，能显著提高稚鲍的存活率。研究表明。由大型藻生产单细胞饵料，在海产动物育苗中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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海水育苗室的优化设计与综合利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国沿海数以百计的各类海水育苗室为我国海带、对虾、扇贝等大宗水产品的养殖生产提供了充足的优质苗种,有力地推动了我国水产养殖业大规模的迅速发展。但是,近些年来,在海水育苗室的设计和建设方面也存在着不少问题,有待研究和解决。同时,原有育苗室单打一式的生产,妨碍了育苗室的利用率和经济效益的提高。本文分别以对虾和海带育苗室作为深池类和浅池类的代表,论述了优化设计组合的一些主要经验和设计方法;提出了育苗室建设的主要原则与技术要求;探讨了原有育苗室的改造与综合利用的途径。 相似文献
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山东省有许多对虾育苗室建于半咸水河(沟)畔。正常年份,育苗时节正逢江河枯水期,涨潮时海水沿河道上行,使河(沟)水盐度迅速上升并达到25以上,正好为育苗所用。近年来,由于抗旱和防讯的需要,对虾育苗期间大河上游提闸泄水,致使作为其支流的河(沟)枯水期不枯,水的盐度上不来,育苗生产无法进行。在此情形下 相似文献
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１９９３年，于文登市小观海珍品育苗养殖场，在海湾扇贝和对虾育苗结束后，利用其配套的单胞藻培养地进行真鲷育苗，利用对虾育苗池和卤虫孵化池培养轮虫。在不增加任何设备的前提下，育成全长３．０１～６．５０ｃｍ，平均全长３．４４ｃｍ的真鲷商品鱼种１６１１１６尾，从仔鱼培育到商品苗种的成活率达到２４．７２％，平均单位水体出苗量达到２６８５尾，１９９３年７月１９日通过了文登市科委组织的验收。正材料和方法１．１育苗设施亲鱼产卵池（１个）和鱼苗培育池（６个）皆用单胞藻培养池（规格为３．８ｍ×３．７ｍ×０．８ｍ，水… 相似文献
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墨西哥湾扇贝东海海域人工育苗规模化试验 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
墨西哥湾扇贝 (Ａｒｇｏｐｅｃｔｅｎｉｒｒａｄｉａｎｓｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒｉｃｕｓ)因其耐低温能力较差 ,在我国北方沿海推广养殖不甚理想 ,但很适合我国东海海域养殖。然而苗种供应极其有限 ,限制了养殖生产的进一步发展。为此 ,１９９６年农业部下达了“北方种群的墨西哥湾扇贝引进”、１９９９年浙江省科委下达了“墨西哥湾扇贝人工育苗和养殖产业化研究”课题 ,经两年的试验取得了较好的结果。现将２０００年春季人工育苗试验报告如下。１材料与方法１ .１亲贝来源及促熟２０００年３月２３日张福绥从青岛沿海挑选墨西哥湾扇贝亲贝１０… 相似文献
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斑节对虾育苗中“红圈病”的防治 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在对虾育苗期间，育苗池底或池壁上经常出现桃红色的斑点，形成为大小不一的红色的圆圈。红圈蔓延迅速，有时在１，２ｄ之内，便暴发和占满着整个池底和池壁。这种现象，俗称“红圈病”。凡是发生红圈的育苗池中，对虾幼体活力下降，厌食，趋光性差，并陆续出现死亡。严重时，虾苗几乎全部死亡。红圈病病原为真菌［１］。该病原菌多发生在光线暗弱的室内育苗池中。目前，有关防治红圈病的报道很少见。１９９３年４月期间，笔者在进行斑节对虾种苗生产时，对防治红圈病分别用不同药物进行试验。１试验材料与方法１．１在斑节对虾生产育苗池中… 相似文献
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对光合细菌在斑节对虾育苗中的应用效果进行了研究。结果表明，光合细菌能有效地促进对虾幼体生长发育，提高出苗率，并可改善育苗水质，起到预防病害的作用。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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