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1.
A fossil fish assemblage associated with marine invertebrates from the Coonardoo Sandstone (Wallingalair Group) at Boor Hill (eastern limb of Tullamore Syncline) contains phyllolepid and bothriolepid placoderms of probable Late Devonian age. An angular unconformity with the overlying Hervey Group indicates erosion and folding during the Middle – Late Devonian, and evidently younger than the main Tabberabberan orogenic event. Invertebrate remains demonstrate a Late Devonian marine interval, not previously recognised as far west as the Tullamore Syncline, and assumed to represent the global maximum sea-level in the late Frasnian immediately preceding the Frasnian – Famennian extinction event. A phyllolepid placoderm plate from a sedimentary interbed of the Dulladerry Volcanics in the Hervey Syncline compares with abundant phyllolepid material from the Merriganowry Shale Member of the Dulladerry Volcanics near Cowra, and similar occurrences in the Comerong Volcanics and Boyd Volcanic Complex in southeastern New South Wales. Biostratigraphic data suggest a late Middle Devonian (Givetian) age for the Merriganowry Shale Member of the Dulladerry Volcanics, which appears conformable beneath the Upper Devonian Hervey Group.  相似文献   

2.
西藏泥盆纪海相红层的分布与时代   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
林宝玉  李明  武振杰 《地质学报》2019,93(10):2383-2402
在作者及前人对西藏地区泥盆纪地层学、古生物学等资料研究的基础上,作者对该区泥盆纪海相红层进行了初步的系统整理。共识别出6层(套)海相红层,它们是:早泥盆世扎西岗组海相红层(洛赫柯夫阶—布拉格阶)(XDRB1)和春节桥组上部海相红层(埃姆斯阶)(XDRB2),中泥盆世海通组海相红层(艾费尔阶)(XDRB3)和丁宗隆组底部海相红层(吉维阶)(XDRB4),晚泥盆世查果罗玛组(下部)海相红层(弗拉斯阶)(XDRB5)和羌格组顶部海相红层(法门阶)(XDRB6)。所有海相红层均形成于近岸或浅水碳酸盐岩台地环境,因此,属于浅水-半深水陆棚红层,此外,还讨论了中国南方泥盆纪海相红层的分布及全球法门期海相红层广布事件。  相似文献   

3.
Late Frasnian mounds of the Yunghsien Formation, Guilin, South China, developed as part of the Guilin platform, mostly in reef‐flat and platform margin settings. Microbial mounds in platform margin settings at Hantang, about 10 km west of Guilin, contain Frasnian biota, such as Stachyodes and Kuangxiastraea and, thus, occur below the Frasnian‐Famennian mass extinction boundary. Platform margin facies were dominated by microbes, algae and receptaculitids. Massive corals and stromatoporoids are not common and rarely show reef‐building functions as they did in Givetian time. The margin mounds are composed of brachiopod‐receptaculitid cementstone, and a variety of boundstones that contain Rothpletzella, Renalcis, thrombolite and stromatolite. Other microbial communities include Girvanella, Izhella, Ortonella and Wetheredella. Solenoporoid algae are abundant locally. Zebra structures and neptunian dykes are well‐developed at some intervals. Pervasive early cementation played an important role in lithification of the microbial boundstones and rudstones. Frasnian reefs of many regions of the world were constructed by stromatoporoids and corals, although a shift to calcimicrobe‐dominated frameworks occurred before the Famennian. However, the exact ages of many Frasnian margin outcrops are poorly constrained owing to difficulties dating shallow carbonate facies. The Hantang mounds represent a microbe‐dominated reef‐building community with rare skeletal reef builders, consistent with major Late Devonian changes in reef composition, diversity and guild structure occurring before the end of the Frasnian. A similar transition occurred in the Canning Basin of Western Australia, but coeval successions in North America, Western Europe and the northern Urals are either less well‐known or represent different bathymetric settings. The transition in reef‐building style below the Frasnian‐Famennian boundary is documented here in the two best exposed successions on two continents, which may have been global. Set in the larger context of Late Devonian and Mississippian microbial reef‐building, the Hantang mounds help to demonstrate that controls on microbial reef communities differed from those on larger skeletal reef biota. Calcimicrobes replaced stromatoporoids as major reef builders before the Frasnian‐Famennian extinction event, and increasing stromatoporoid diversity towards the end of the Famennian did not result in a resurgence of skeletal reef frameworks. Calcimicrobes dominated margin facies through the Famennian, but declined near the Devonian‐Carboniferous boundary. Stromatolite and thrombolite facies, which occurred behind the mound margin at Hantang, rose to dominate Mississippian shallow‐water reef frameworks with only a minor resurgence of the important Frasnian calcimicrobe Renalcis in the Visean when well‐skeletonized organisms (corals) also became volumetrically significant frame builders again.  相似文献   

4.
Devonian sediments of the Malaguide Complex potentially could include the Frasnian–Famennian boundary, one of the five greatest Phanerozoic biotic crises. Conodont biofacies and microfacies of carbonate clasts from a pebbly mudstone underlying Tournaisian radiolarites allows identification, for the first time in the Malaguide Complex, of Devonian shallow marine environments laterally grading to deeper realms. The clasts yielded Frasnian conodont associations of the falsiovalis to rhenana biozones, with six biofacies that reveal different environmental conditions in their source areas. Source sediments were dismantled and redeposited within the pebbly mudstone, whose origin is tentatively related to one of the events that are associated worldwide with the Frasnian–Famennian crisis. The latter is recorded, in two equivalent Malaguide pelagic successions, by stratigraphic discontinuities, and it was, probably, tectonically and/or eustatically controlled, as in other Alpine‐Mediterranean Paleotethyan margins.  相似文献   

5.
龙门山甘溪剖面是我国泥盆系重要典型剖面之一,倍受中外同行关注。本文着重对生态地层、事件地层、层序地层进行研究,为研究全球海平面变化提供区域背景资料。龙门山甘溪剖面含十分丰富的底栖生物化石,从洛赫柯夫阶-弗拉斯阶自下而上可识别出24个腕足动物群落,另外还建立了若干礁复体群落和浮游群落
本文对以上群落的特征、性质、分异度、成分、底栖组合及其与沉积环境的关系作了分析和讨论,并识别了11个海进海退事件(生物的或非生物的)
本区泥盆系是加里东构造旋回后的第一个沉积盖层,属海平面主体上升和海侵同步条件下的旋回超覆地层,由砂质海岸环境向碳酸盐台地环境推进,构成了区内泥盆纪沉积层序序列的组合特征。根据海平面的变化及其相旋回的变迁,划分出6个三级沉积层序。6个沉积层序代表6次海平面的相对升降周期,大致相当于Vail,P.R.(1977)划分的三级地层旋回的海平面变化周期(延续时限1-12Ma),包括4个较大的海平面上升周期与2个较大的海平面下降周期,即洛赫柯夫期、布拉格晚期至埃姆斯早期,吉维中期及弗拉斯早、中期的海平面上升期与艾费尔期中晚期至法门期的海平面下隆期。
上述沉积层序特征和海平面变化,说明区内泥盆纪台缘断陷盆地的形成经历了由陆向海转化和盆地发展演化过程,反映了上扬子地台西缘陆架沉积发展的历史大致可划分为:盆地的雏形阶段(碎屑岩陆架的形成阶段),盆地的发展阶段(碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩混积陆架的形成阶段)和盆地形成与消亡不同性质的三个阶段。它们的形成与演化主要是构造断陷活动和龙门山海水不断向东侵进、古特提斯海北支向东扩展的结果,展示了由滨岸陆架转变为碳酸盐台地,由陆源碎屑充填转化为碳酸盐岩沉积的发展史。  相似文献   

6.
桂林地区中、晚泥盆世的沉积包含了两个主要的环境旋回,从艾菲尔到维特期为一个旋回,从费拉斯到法门早期为另一个旋回。生物事件主要发生在第一个旋回的海侵高峰时期,而生物事件的直接结果则在第二个旋回充分显示出。在吉维特期和费拉斯期曾一度兴旺的许多生物类群(其中以可造礁生物居多)在法门期开始时结束了生命活动。这种环境的变化与全球海平面升降相一致,绝灭事件在当时地处热带的地区显示更为明显。  相似文献   

7.
Devonian reefs are widespread in the West Canada Basin in three regions: lower Givetian in the north (Elk Point subbasin), upper Givetian and middle Frasnian in the central part (framing of the Peace River Arch), and middle Frasnian (southern end of the basin). Each stage of reef formation ended with regression, and the last reefs terminated long before the Frasnian/Famennian biotic crisis and mass extinction. Reefs of this basin are petroliferous. Moreover, the structure of reservoirs is determined by the reef type, and the highest reservoir properties are related to bioherm varieties in reefs.  相似文献   

8.
Twenty orthosequences and their corresponding sea-level change (SLC) cycles have been recognized in the Devonian overlying the Caledonian unconformity, of which 9, 5.5 and 5.5 occurred in the Lower, Middle and Upper Devonian respectively. They can be grouped into 4 orthosequence sets, in which the maximum flooding surfaces lie in the sulcutus Zone (D12), perbonus Zone (D13), Middle and Upper varcus Zone (D22) and gigas Zone (D21) respectively. Four instant palaeogeographical reconstructions of South China have been made in the Emsian and Givetian. Devonian sea-level change rhythms of South China can be divided into 3 categories: the autorhythmic, the worldwide and regional allorhythmic, and the coupling-rhythmic. They developed respectively in the Famennian, Pragian, Eifelian, Lochkovian, Emsian, Givetian, Frasnian and the F / F (between the Frasnian and Famennian) event. The cause of the worldwide allorhythmic SLC of the Pragian and Eifelian under comparatively dry, warm and tranquil conditions may be  相似文献   

9.
国际泥盆系GSSP与华南泥盆系划分   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
侯鸿飞  马学平 《地层学杂志》2005,29(2):154-159,164
简要介绍国际泥盆系各阶界线定义、界线层型,以及目前进行的国际泥盆系埃姆斯阶、吉维阶、弗拉斯阶和法门阶亚阶划分的情况,并讨论了中国区域性阶与国际性阶之间的关系:除了埃姆斯阶和法门阶在华南分别进一步细分为郁江阶和四排阶以及锡矿山阶和邵东阶等外,那高岭阶、应堂阶、东岗岭阶和佘田桥阶大致分别相当于布拉格阶、艾费尔阶、吉维阶和弗拉斯阶;今后需加强对上述几个中国区域性阶底界确切时代的研究。国际泥盆系中各亚阶在我国大体可以应用,但吉维阶中亚阶-上亚阶、弗拉斯阶下亚阶-中亚阶的分界及最上法门亚阶的底界在华南台地相区岩石地层上不易划分。  相似文献   

10.
自泥盆纪埃姆斯期, 广西受陆内裂陷影响, 形成碳酸盐台地与台沟间列的构造格局.吉维特期开始, 六景及相邻的黎塘一带逐渐形成孤立台地的沉积背景.吉维特期, 六景剖面的民塘组为以竹节石为特色的礁前斜坡生态系, 尽管目前没有出露生物礁, 从礁前角砾岩可以恢复曾经存在的礁生态系.而黎塘一带塘家湾组为以珊瑚、层孔虫、腕足类为主要特色的台地生态系.弗拉斯期, 六景剖面的谷闭组则为少量珊瑚、腕足、层孔虫为特色的局限-半开放台地生态系.黎塘一带的桂林组仍为以珊瑚、层孔虫、腕足类为主要特色的台地生态系.六景、黎塘地区自法门期开始发生生态系突变, 六景剖面的融县组和黎塘一带的东村组发育藻礁丘或藻席为特色的藻生态系.该生态系的突变是F-F生物群集绝灭造成的生物类群突变的结果.生态系的特征也与吉维特-弗拉斯期烃源岩的形成、演化密切相关.   相似文献   

11.
To help describe the paleoenvironmental interpretation of one the most extensive marine Devonian successions in Brazil, palynofacies analyses were conducted on 46 samples from the Itaim (Pragian–Givetian), Pimenteira (Givetian–Frasnian) and Cabeças (Famennian) formations of the Parnaíba Basin in north–central Brazil. For the palynofacies analyses, kerogen categories were counted and subjected to cluster analyses. Five palynofacies associations were identified for three studied sections: PseudoAOM palynofacies, which consists of amorphous organic matter (AOM), pseudoamorphous and coenobial algae Quadrisporites; Transl/Nbiostr. palynofacies, which consists of translucent non-biostructured phytoclasts (well-preserved and degraded), cuticles (well-preserved and degraded), Spongiophyton and Botryococcus; Marine microplankton palynofacies, which consists of acritarchs, prasinophytes and translucent biostructured phytoclasts; Opaque palynofacies, which consists of opaque phytoclasts (equidimensional and lath shaped); and Sporomorphs palynofacies, which consists of zoomorphs (e.g., Chitinozoa) and sporomorphs (e.g., spores). The stratigraphic distribution of the five palynofacies associations reflects a continuous terrestrial influx throughout marine succession. At the Pragian–Emsian age, the woody material of Transl/Nbioestr. palynofacies prevails, suggesting a marine depositional paleoenvironment (presence of marine palynomorphs), but under deltaic influence due to the input of terrigenous material. An increasing trend of marine elements of Marine microplankton palynofacies is recorded for the Givetian, which suggests a progressive marine influence. However, during the Frasnian, the highest abundance of marine elements was recorded (Marine microplankton palynofacies). Moreover, a bloom of Maranhites spp. and prasinophytes (e.g., Tasmanites and Cymatiosphaera) was also recorded. The abrupt increase of marine palynomorphs in the Frasnian – here termed the “Maranhites Event” – has been recorded by other authors. Finally, in the Famennian, woody material was most abundant in Transl/Nbiostr. palynofacies and Sporomorphs palynofacies, which reflects a depositional trend that is strongly controlled by fluvial input into a shallow marine environment.  相似文献   

12.
The Middle to lower Upper Devonian succession of the Rügen Depression in NE Germany consists of largely clastic sediments, whereas the Upper Devonian deposits are mixed carbonate and clastic. Petrographic and geochemical data suggest that the sediments were deposited in a cratonic or recycled setting. Deposition was largely confined to a fault-bounded basin, located between two structural highs. During the Devonian, the Rügen area underwent evolution from a continental and marginal marine area during the Eifelian-early Frasnian to a deeper marine environment during the late Frasnian-early Famennian. By the latest Famennian, an open-shelf carbonate-facies environment was established.  相似文献   

13.
The Late Devonian was a period of drastic environmental changes, as exemplified by a major biotic crisis at the Frasnian–Famennian boundary (FFB) and the onset in Famennian times of glaciations across southern Gondwana. Worldwide evidence for the coeval development of the major Acadian–Eovariscan belt led us to propose a model relating the Late Frasnian–Famennian environmental perturbations to extensive continental uplift through two atmospheric CO2-depleting mechanisms: (1) the intensification of silicate weathering on the continental areas as attested by a major rise in the 87Sr/86Sr composition of sea water at the FFB; and (2) the massive burial of organic carbon (Kellwasser events) in partially confined basins due to the collisional-induced reduction of equatorial oceanic communications between the Palaeotethysian and Panthalassic oceans. This process is also suggested to have been controlled by an important primary productivity connected to an increased nutrient availability triggered by the enhanced continental run-off.  相似文献   

14.
A Study of Devonian Reefs from Southern China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Three Devonian reefs (bioherms) from Yunnan and Guangxi, southern China, are studied in detail. Six microfacies types are differentiated. Colonial rugose corals (Columnaria, Disphyllum and Hexagonaria) at Qujing, tabulate corals (Alveolites) with massive stromatoporoids (Actinostroma and Stromatoporella) and sponges at Panxi, and massive stromatoporoids (Actinostroma, Trupetostroma and Stromatoporella) at Yangshuo belong to the most important reef builders. All the three reefs studied clearly reveal a successive evolution history. They developed on the carbonate banks, shallow carbonate platforms and platform margins in the Late Givetian and terminated in the Frasnian due to sea-level falls related to local uplifts of platforms. This coincides with a eustatic fall of relative sea level at the Frasnian/Famennian transition.  相似文献   

15.
通过对南秦岭镇安盆地泥盆系露头剖面的详细研究，将该区泥盆系划分为海岸、陆棚、斜坡-盆地及碳酸盐岩四种沉积体系，沉积体系及岩相组合具有南北向分异、东西向展布的特点。从地层由南向北超覆，相类型由北部的近源相至南部的远源相，以及碎屑搬运方向总体从北向南的变化趋势，更加确定了以前认为北部存在一个消失的古陆的认识。根据沉积体系及岩相组合的演化，把研究区的沉积盆地演化归纳为初始坳陷、拗陷和强裂断陷三个发展阶段，在不同的发展阶段具不同的环境格局，由北向南表现为：D2吉微特期古陆-海岸-陆棚；D2弗拉斯期古陆-碳酸盐台地-陆棚；D3法门期块断隆起-海岸-陆棚-斜坡-盆地-台地。  相似文献   

16.
湖南泥盆纪露头层序地层研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
湖南及相邻地区泥盆纪地层发育，其地层划分对比清楚，沉积类型丰富，地层裸露良好，是进行露头层序地层研究的理想场所。本文运用层序地层学的理论和方法，在详细的沉积学研究和精细的地层划分对比基础上，对湖南泥盆纪进行了精细的露头层序地层研究，详细阐述了层序建立和各种界面的露头标志，探讨了湖南泥盆纪的层序划分、海平面变化及全球对比，从而解释泥盆里各沉积层序的形成控制因素。  相似文献   

17.
显生宙全球气候变化与生物绝灭事件的联系   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  
根据显生宙各地质时期全球气候敏感沉积物和生物地理单元数据库，显生宙（寒武纪至中新世）可识别出２４次全球范围内不同级别的气候变化事件。有些事件与全球生物事件有着密切的联系，而不少则并无重要联系，即使这两种事件发生的时间和规模上存在着明显的一致性，也并不一定就存在着因果关系。这２４次事件根据二者的一致性和不一致性，可归纳为两类：（１）早寒武世末（一致）；（２）晚寒武世末（不一致）；（３）早奥陶世末（Ｉｂｅｘｉａｎ末，不一致）；（４）奥陶纪末（一致）；（５）志留纪兰多维列世（不一致）；（６）志留纪文洛克世早期（不一致）；（７）志留纪文洛克世末（不一致）；（８）志留纪罗德洛世末（不一致）；（９）志留纪普利道里世末（不一致）；（１０）早泥盆世埃姆斯期初（不一致）；（１１）中泥盆世艾菲尔期末（一致）；（１２）中泥盆世吉维特期末（一致）；（１３）晚泥盆世弗拉斯期末（一致）；（１４）泥盆纪末（不一致）；（１５）早石炭世末（一致）；（１６）晚石炭世维斯发期末（一致）；（１７）早二叠世萨克马尔晚期（一致）；（１８）二叠纪末（一致）；（１９）早三叠世（一致）；（２０）中—晚三叠世（不一致）；（２１）早侏罗世赫塘期（不一致）；（２?  相似文献   

18.
Five great taxonomic extinctions (the so‐called ‘Big Five Mass Extinctions’) are widely recognized in life history, at the end of the Ordovician, Frasnian (Late Devonian), Permian, Triassic and Cretaceous. All of them were originally identified in the marine fossil record and have been interpreted as the result of abrupt global environmental changes. Previous evidence has suggested that terrestrial biota were also subjected to ecological disruption during these events, but it is unknown whether they suffered the same level of large‐scale taxonomic disruption as marine organisms. Here we show that the plant fossil record in fact only provides evidence of two mass taxonomic extinction events, one through the Carboniferous‐Permian transition, the other during middle‐late Permian times. This differs significantly from the mass extinctions recognized in the marine realm and suggests that vascular plants have a special capacity for surviving abrupt environmental changes.  相似文献   

19.
A down-core record of stable isotope and geochemical results is integrated with palynofacies (kerogen) data from the New Albany Shale (Indiana) to reconstruct environmental changes that occurred across the Frasnian–Famennian boundary. Preliminary interpretations are focused on developing several multiproxy linkages that will potentially lead toward a more robust understanding of the occurrence and significance of phytoplankton assemblage variations during the Late Devonian, a time of widespread black shale formation. Development of such linkages will potentially provide a more comprehensive assessment of the various controls on 1) primary production, and 2) carbon sequestration in a large, low-paleolatitude intracratonic basin.An abrupt change in the geochemical and biotic proxies for particulate organic matter across the Frasnian–Famennian boundary coincides with a distinct lithological change, characterized by laminated, brownish-black Famennian mudstones unconformably overlying alternating bioturbated, greenish-gray and non-bioturbated, dark-gray Frasnian mudstones. Elemental and isotopic profiles reflect different patterns of production, degradation, and removal of organic carbon in the two shale facies. A shift from acritarch- to prasinophyte-dominated waters across the boundary indicates the overall importance of bathymetric fluctuations, chemico-physical conditions, and nutrient availability related to eustatic sea-level change. A positive δ13CV-PDB shift of 1.1‰ across the boundary is interpreted to be correlative with the global Upper Kellwasser Event. A preliminary model is proposed to explain the sustainable primary production during times of maximum flooding, thereby enhancing organic preservation during black shale formation.  相似文献   

20.
广西六景泥盆系剖面是中国泥盆系标准剖面之一,通过对其弗拉斯阶-法门阶(F-F)界线附近地层进行详细的牙形石生物地层研究,自下而上识别出3个牙形石带:晚rhenana带、linguiformis带和triangularis带。F-F界线位于融县组下部(第7号层与第8号层之间),在谷闭组顶界之上3.32,m处。碳同位素的分析结果表明,F-F之交δ13C具有显著正偏移,增幅为2.0‰,与湖南老江冲、广西垌村和杨堤以及欧洲、美洲、非洲和澳洲等地的F-F界线附近的碳同位素记录一致,且具有相近的变化幅度。δ13C正异常与F-F界线上的生物灭绝有关,由于食微生物的高等生物灭绝,微生物大量繁盛,诱导海水缺氧,导致海洋有机碳埋藏速率增加,从而形成δ13C的正偏。F-F界线层发育一套以碎屑灰岩为特色的事件沉积,该事件沉积在广西乃至全球具有等时性,可能与小行星碰撞地球引起的全球性海啸有关。  相似文献   

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