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1.
One deposit and four occurrences of uranium minerals in the Permo-Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Stara Planina in eastern Serbia were ascertained using data from years of multidisciplinary geological research. The minerals are the fissure-filling type, and were assigned to the exogenic mineralization group, being mostly epigene in nature. Relevant geological information was used to derive a genetic model of uranium mineralization in the Permo-Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Stara Planina. The model explains the formation of Permo-Triassic rocks and three stages of the complex process of U mineralization. The genetic model treats: (1) the primary sources of the uranium; (2) the mobility of uranium; and (3) accessory metals from the parent rocks to their deposition in host rocks and the postmineral change in ore bodies. A geochemical barrier zone was identified in the sedimentary rocks that contained uranium mineral ore. This geochemical barrier area included crescent-shaped, flat-lens, or vein-like ore bodies. The U-containing mineral described is comparable with those from the relatively common fissure-filling uranium minerals found around the world. 相似文献
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华南某大型铀矿床成因新识 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
华南某大型铀矿床具典型的岩溶特征。研究发现矿石中铀主要以微脉浸染状沥青铀矿形式存在，沥青铀矿的晶胞参数ａ０＝５．４１６～５．４２８，含氧系数为２．３１～２．３４，属低、中温热液成因。矿床中出现一套低、中温热液矿物组合。测得成矿温度为１５０～１８１℃（均一法）。矿床中热水叠加改造特征明显，故建议称之为岩溶热造铀矿床，是一种特殊的新成矿类型。 相似文献
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为了进一步深化铀矿物的富集机理.利用α径迹放射性照相、扫描电镜、电子探针等方法对鄂尔多斯盆地北部铀矿床中铀矿物的赋存状态进行了系统研究.发现该区铀矿物主要为铀石，少量沥青铀矿和含铀钛矿物.沉积-成岩期碎屑铀矿物赋存在碎屑颗粒内部，吸附在锐钛矿周围，为铀储层中预富集的铀.成矿期铀矿物大部分赋存在碎屑颗粒填隙部位，与黄铁矿、碳质碎屑相伴生，与石英颗粒及方解石胶结关系密切；部分吸附在包裹碎屑颗粒的蒙脱石薄膜上.另外发现了，沥青铀矿-赤铁矿-黄铁矿的矿物组合，以及硒铅矿（PbSe）和白硒铁矿（FeSe2）与铀矿物相伴生，并伴有REE含量明显升高.分析得出，沥青铀矿形成于成矿早期，氧化酸性流体与还原碱性流体的过渡界面，偏向于氧化酸性一侧；而铀石主要形成于成矿晚期的还原碱性环境.双重铀源供给、丰富的还原介质、多源流体的耦合，局部的热液流体叠加改造，共同造就了鄂尔多斯盆地北部大矿、富矿的形成. 相似文献
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The Changjiang uranium ore field, which contains >10,000 tonnes of recoverable U with a grade of 0.1–0.5%, is hosted by Triassic two-mica and Jurassic biotite granites, and is one of the most important uranium ore fields in South China. The minerals associated with alteration and mineralization can be divided into two stages, namely syn-ore and post-ore. The syn-ore minerals are primarily quartz, pitchblende, hematite, hydromica, chlorite, fluorite, and pyrite; the post-ore minerals include quartz, calcite, fluorite, pyrite, and hematite. The fluid inclusions of the early syn-ore stage characteristically contain O2, and those of the late syn-ore and post-ore stage contain H2 and CH4. The fluid inclusions in quartz of the syn-ore stage include H2O, H2O–CO2, and CO2 types, and they occur in clusters or along trails. Homogenization temperatures (Th) for the H2O–CO2 and two-phase H2O inclusions range from 106 °C to >350 °C and cluster in two distinct groups for each type; salinities are lower than 10 wt% NaCl equiv. The ore-forming fluids underwent CO2 effervescence or phase separation at ∼250 °C under a pressure of 1000–1100 bar. The U/Th values of the altered granites are lowest close to the ore, increase outwards, but subsequently decrease close to unaltered granites. From the unaltered granites to the ore, the lowest Fe2O3/FeO values become lower and the highest values higher. The REE patterns of the altered granites and the ores are similar to each other. The U contents of the ores show a positive correlation with total REE contents but a negative correlation with LREE/HREE ratios, indicating the pitchblende is REE-bearing and selectively HREE-rich. The δEu values of the ore show a positive correlation with U contents, indicating the early syn-ore fluids were oxidizing. The δCe values show a negative correlation, indicating the later mineralization environment became reducing. The water–rock interactions of the early syn-ore stage resulted in oxidization of altered granites and reduction of the ore-forming fluids, and it was this reduction that led to the uranium mineralization. During alteration in the early syn-ore stage, the oxidizing fluids leached uranium from granites close to faults, and Fe2O3/FeO ratios increased in the alteration zones. The late syn-ore and post-ore alteration decreased the Fe2O3/FeO ratios in the alteration zones. The δ18OW–SMOW values of the ore-forming fluids range from −1.8‰ to 5.4‰, and the δDW–SMOW values range from −104.4‰ to −51.6‰, suggesting meteoric water. The meteoric water underwent at least two stages of water–rock interaction: the first caused the fluids to become uranium-bearing, and the second stage, which was primarily associated with ore-bearing faults, led to uranium deposition as pitchblende, accompanied by CO2 effervescence. 相似文献
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The ambiguity of genetic interpretations of uranium ore formation at Mo-U deposits of the Strel’tsovka ore field led us to perform additional geochemical, mineralogical, and thermobarogeochemical studies. As a result, it has been established that closely related U and F were progressively gained in the Late Mesozoic volcanic rocks from the older basic volcanics (170 Ma) to the younger silicic igneous rocks (140 Ma). The Early Cretaceous postmagmatic hydrothermal epoch (140–125 Ma) is subdivided into preore, uranium ore, and first and second postore stages. The primary brannerite-pitchblende ore was formed in association with fluorite. At the first postore stage, this assemblage was replaced by a U-Si metagel, which was previously identified as coffinite. The metagel shows a wide compositional variation; its fine structure has been studied. The preore metasomatic alteration and related veined mineralization were formed under the effect of sodium (bicarbonate)-chloride solution at a temperature of 250–200°C. The uranium ore formation began with albitization and hematitization of rocks affected by supercritical fluid at 530–500°C; brannerite and pitchblende precipitated at 350–300°C. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of pitchblende hosted in trachybasalt, trachydacite, and granite demonstrate a pronounced Sm-Nd discontinuity and a statistically significant tetrad effect of W type. These attributes were not established in REE patterns of rhyolites derived from the upper crustal magma chamber. This circumstance and a chronological gap of 5 Ma between silicic volcanism and ore formation do not allow us to suggest that uranium was derived from this magma chamber. According to the proposed model, the evolved silicic Li-F magma was a source of uranium. U4+, together with REE, was fractionated into the fluid phase as complex fluoride compounds. The uranium mineralization was deposited at a temperature barrier. It is suggested that hydromica alteration and the formation of molybdenum mineralization were genetically unrelated to the uranium ore formation. 相似文献
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西准噶尔白杨河铀矿床沥青铀矿矿物特征及形成环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
白杨河铀矿是我国新疆地区典型的铀-多金属矿床,为查明该矿原生铀矿物特征,进一步探究沥青铀矿的形成与保存环境,本文利用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针等多种研究手段对该矿床中的沥青铀矿开展了矿物学研究工作,并利用激光拉曼和碳硫仪对与原生矿体空间关系极为密切的黑色断层泥开展了研究。结果表明,本矿床形成的原生沥青铀矿主要赋存在热液脉中,矿石组构包括:碎裂结构、花岗状压碎结构、斑状压碎结构、交代反应边结构;黑色断层泥含有一定量的有机碳(TOC为0.24%～1.07%),拉曼测试结果显示出较强烈的碳质峰。沥青铀矿不同程度地遭受流体改造作用,使得矿物化学成分极其复杂。随着流体改造程度的增加,UO_2、PbO呈现降低的趋势,Nb_2O_5及ZrO_2含量则表现出升高的趋势,显示在后期的流体改造作用过程中,铀被活化迁移的同时,流体还带来了丰富的Nb和Zr等元素。进一步分析认为富有机碳的断层泥在成矿过程中可能为U~(6+)的易溶络合物还原为沥青铀矿沉淀提供了有利条件,并且在沥青铀矿形成后起到了一定程度的保护作用。 相似文献
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诸广-下庄铀矿集区成矿过程中水-岩作用的地质地球化学特征 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
诸广-下庄铀矿集区是我国最大的花岗岩型铀成矿区,本文从岩石蚀变、不同介质中稀土元素的四分组效应、方解石中碳、氧和锶同位素组成等方面系统讨论了诸广-下庄铀矿集区内与铀成矿有关的各种水-岩相互作用的地质地球化学特征,得到以下主要认识: (1)铀矿田范围内成矿的花岗岩大多发生了强烈的蚀变,是水-岩作用的直接表现,晶质铀矿表面发生的溶蚀作用是铀活化的直接证据,裂变径迹特征揭示面型分布的绿泥石化是花岗岩中以类质同像形式存在的铀从花岗岩中活化出来的主要反映; (2)与铀成矿有关的花岗岩具有 M型四分组效应,而沥青铀矿、黄铁矿、方解石、绿泥石和伊利石等矿石矿物和脉石矿物则具有 W型或 W-M混合型四分组效应,这种共轭存在的 M型和 W型四分组效应表明了流体-花岗岩作用是本区铀成矿作用的关键,沥青铀矿主要是从流体中沉淀成矿的; (3)矿田范围内方解石的δ 13C、 87Sr/86Sr及δ 18O组成特征,及 87Sr/86Sr与δ 18O之间明显的负相关关系,揭示出本区铀成矿过程中的碳、水和铀来源不同--碳是幔源,铀是壳源,流体中的水至少有一部分是大气降水. 相似文献
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三穗铀矿床位于黔中—湘西北铀成矿带内,产于震旦—寒武系老堡组炭质泥岩中,是贵州省近年勘查发现的第一个大型铀矿床。[研究目的]鉴于黔东地区铀矿成矿规律、富集机理及矿石矿物学等研究程度低,查明典型铀矿床矿石矿物组合及化学组分,探讨成矿环境,揭示成矿过程,深化成矿理论认识,将为促进区域成矿预测、扩大找矿勘查成果及丰富该类型铀矿成矿理论提供科学依据。[研究方法]基于三穗铀矿床地质、地球化学特征,通过电子探针、扫描电镜等测试,分析了铀成矿机理及成岩成矿的环境演化。[研究结果]本区含铀岩系老堡组形成于震旦纪/寒武纪转折期的陆缘裂谷和陆缘裂陷缺氧还原环境,铀成矿初始物源与海底火山活动有关;铀矿石主要由铀矿物、铁矿物、黏土矿物、有机质及白云石、石英（或玉髓）、重晶石、方解石等组成,呈微晶—隐晶结构、微晶—粉晶晶粒状结构,层状、纹层状构造;铀矿物丰富,主要有沥青铀矿、硅钙铀矿、硒铅铀矿、钛铀矿、磷铀矿及水碳铀等,以纳米—微米级粒状、柱状（粒径多<10 μm）、细脉状、或隐晶质形式赋存于有机质、铁质、黏土矿物等聚铀矿物中。[结论]三穗铀矿床形成物源具有多源性,与雪峰期海底火山作用带来部分成矿物质、燕山—喜马拉雅期成矿流体在运移的途中不断浸取地层内的成矿物质密切相关,经历了铀初始富集、氧化淋滤及热液叠加再富集过程,成因属典型的碳硅泥岩型。三穗铀矿床中发现大量铀矿物显示,铀富集程度高、成矿作用强,找矿远景好、潜力大。创新点：基于三穗铀矿床地质地球化学特征,通过电子探针、扫描电镜等矿物学研究,揭示本区铀成岩成矿的环境演化及成矿机理,探讨了找矿远景。 相似文献
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Nikolay P. Laverov Vasily I. Velichkin Ai Fujiwara Naotatsu Shikazono Alexey P. Aleshin Enver E. Asadulin Vyacheslav N. Golubev Tatiana L. Krylova Alexander A. Pek Igor V. Chernyshev 《Resource Geology》2009,59(4):342-358
It has been shown that the main uranium ore mineral, pitchblende (uranium dioxide), is a natural analog of synthetic uraninite (also uranium dioxide), which constitutes 96% of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Geochronological studies of the U‐Pb isotope systems in unaltered pitchblende from the orebodies reveal that these systems remained completely closed over the entire period (approximately 135 Ma) since the formation of the deposits. The bulk of the primary uranium ores within the Streltsovskoye ore field was influenced to various degrees by post‐ore hydrothermal solutions that led to pitchblende spherulites being replaced by pseudomorphs of an amorphous phase with a U‐Si composition; this phase also re‐precipitated in veinlets proximal to the pitchblende pseudomorphs. A technique specially developed by the authors was used to carry out quantitative counts of the abundance of uranium minerals by calculating the uranium mass balance in one of the orebodies subjected to hydrothermal alteration. The calculations reveal minimal uranium loss from the orebody. Uranium liberated in the process of the pseudomorphic replacement of pitchblende was immediately fixed, in situ, in the newly formed coffinite‐like amorphous U‐Si phase as a result of the development of an efficient geochemical barrier that prevented the long‐distance migration of uranium. In assessing the long‐term safety of underground SNF repositories, the results of the present study give us confidence that SNF uraninite, in terms of the preservation of its integrity as a mineral phase, provides for the reliable long‐term isolation of uranium, transuranium elements, and fission products that are “sealed” in the uraninite matrix. In the case of the mineral transformation of the uraninite matrix by hydrothermal solutions, the liberated uranium would be efficiently immobilized by the newly formed amorphous U‐Si phase. 相似文献
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广东长排铀矿床成矿流体特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长排铀矿床位于广东长江铀矿田内,矿体主要赋存在北北西向硅化断裂带内及其两侧的蚀变花岗岩中。流体包裹体显微测温和激光拉曼光谱分析表明,成矿流体为中低温、中低盐度的含CO2、CH4和H2的流体。铀成矿期流体包裹体均一温度多集中于120~250 ℃,盐度为04%~102%。氢、氧同位素分析表明,成矿流体可能来源于深部,后期有大气降水的加入。成矿期方解石的δ13C值大多数集中于-91‰~-82‰,以深源碳为主。综合分析认为,长排铀矿床属于中低温热液脉型铀矿床。成矿流体经历了沸腾作用,使CO2等挥发分逃逸,这可能是长排铀矿床铀矿沉淀、富集的主要原因。 相似文献
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桂北沙子江铀矿床沥青铀矿原位微区年代学和元素分析:对铀成矿作用的启示 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
微区原位分析是地球科学研究的重要手段,但这些分析技术在华南热液铀矿床中的应用相对较少,限制了对铀矿床成矿机理的深入认识。沙子江铀矿床是华南著名的花岗岩型热液铀矿床。本文利用电子探针(EMPA)、激光电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS)以及二次离子探针(SIMS)等微区原位分析技术,对沙子江铀矿床中的沥青铀矿开展了U-Pb同位素年代学及元素组成研究,确定了沥青铀矿的形成时代及成分特征,并探讨了蚀变作用对沥青铀矿成分及其表面年龄或化学年龄的影响。电子探针分析结果显示,该沥青铀矿以富铀和钙、极低含量的ThO_2和稀土元素为特征,揭示其为低温热液成因,成矿热液富含Ca。LA-ICP-MS分析结果显示,沥青铀矿的稀土元素总量较低,其配分模式呈轻稀土富集型,具有明显的负Eu异常,与赋矿围岩豆乍山花岗岩的稀土元素组成相似,暗示其铀源可能与豆乍山岩体有密切的关系。蚀变和未蚀变沥青铀矿成分的对比研究显示,蚀变作用会导致硅元素大量进入沥青铀矿晶格,造成铀和铅的丢失,从而影响沥青铀矿的表观年龄或化学年龄,但沥青铀矿的稀土元素配分模式不会受到蚀变的影响。未蚀变沥青铀矿的SIMS微区原位分析获得的U-Pb年龄为101. 3±4. 5Ma,表明沙子江铀矿床存在100Ma左右的铀成矿事件。受岩石圈伸展控制形成的富CO流体与富铀花岗岩相互作用浸取出花岗岩中的铀,并在合适的构造部位沉淀形成了沙子江铀矿床。 相似文献
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M. J. Duane 《Mineralium Deposita》1988,23(1):50-57
The Gortdrum Cu-Ag-As-Sb-Hg-U orebody occurs in Lower Carboniferous strata on the downthrown side of an ENE transcurrent fault system in Southern County Tipperary, Republic of Ireland. The deposit comprises a linear discordant zone of brecciated carbonates and country rocks that are altered and mineralised. Research has indicated anomalous radioelement concentrations associated with the main copper orebody and in particular with the altered breccias within this zone. The metal association (Cu-Ag-As-Sb-Hg-U) is considered unique for Irish Carboniferous carbonate-hosted copper deposits. However, the low temperature mineral assemblage of early uranium-bearing minerals with later sulphide stages is reminiscent of many vein-type hydrothermal ore deposits. The geochemistry of uranium-enriched rocks indicates that the alteration of the basic dykes was a most significant event in the trapping of uranium within the limestones. Propylitization of the early basic dykes by CO2-bearing fluids produced the alteration which led to the development of hematite, leucoxene and clay minerals. The reducing environments attendant with such mineralogy created a favourable environment for uranium precipitation. The reduction of U+6 to U+4 by oxidation of reduced Fe in dolomitized brecciated limestone occurred prior to the main sulphide mineral sequences. The genesis of uranium in the deposit is linked to radioelement remobilization from uranium-bearing heavy minerals in sediments of upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous age. The uranium became available to low temperature hydrothermal fluids which carried then deposited the uranium along a transcurrent fault system. The source of the heavy minerals is considered to be the Leinster Granite to the east, by which time in the Carboniferous, unroofing of the main pluton had commenced.Previous address: Department of Geology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland 相似文献
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特征矿物是地质作用的直接记录,研究铀矿物伴生组合类型和特征为探讨铀矿床成因提供直接信息。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地东北部杭锦旗?纳岭沟地区含铀岩系中侏罗统直罗组为研究对象,通过岩心观察、显微观察、扫描电镜和电子探针分析等,系统研究了含铀砂岩中铀矿物种类、赋存特征及典型矿物伴生组合类型,在此基础上,结合铀成矿过程中流体作用探讨了铀成矿机理。取得的主要成果和认识如下:(1)研究区含矿目的层最主要的矿物类型为铀石,与铀矿物相关的矿物组合包括:莓球状黄铁矿?铀石、黑云母?它形黄铁矿?铀石、胶状黄铁矿?铀石、钛铁矿?锐钛矿?铀石、高岭石?铀石、蒙脱石/伊蒙混层?铀石、方解石?铀石、有机质?铀石和石英?铀石9种;(2)研究区成矿环境经历了成岩期的中性?弱碱性氧化环境→弱酸性氧化环境→成矿早期的弱酸性还原环境→成矿中?晚期的弱碱性还原环境→成矿期后的碱性还原环境的转变;(3)铀矿物的富集可以分为5个阶段:①早期预富集的碎屑铀;②石英颗粒边缘富集的沥青铀矿;③莓球状、它形、胶状黄铁矿、高岭石、钛铁矿边缘沉淀富集,与酸性还原流体有关的铀石;④与石英、方解石、蒙脱石/伊蒙混层等伴生,与碱性还原流体有关的铀石;⑤与莓球状黄铁矿、胶状黄铁矿、方解石伴生的受中低温热液改造的铀石。综上所述,研究区主成矿作用受酸性和碱性还原流体共同控制。 相似文献
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Fifty five samples from the Koongarra uranium deposit have been analysed for radiometric disequilibrium. The deposit is situated in the Northern Territory, Australia and consists primarily of steeply dipping pitchblende veins overlain by a dispersion fan of weathered ore. The disequilibrium ratios, which assess the degree to which the emitted gamma radiation represents the uranium content of a sample, show the pitchblende ore to be at, or close to, equilibrium. The host wall rocks, which have a low uranium grade, and some samples from the dispersion fan have low ratios indicating radium enrichment. Analysis of Variance of the data was performed to determine if significant disequilibrium trends were associated with sample location, grade, rock type or grouping by ore type. A significant trend was found in samples from the dispersion fan where the disequilibrium ratio increases in the direction of the groundwater flow, indicating movement of uranium in these waters. No conclusive evidence was found for movement of uranium from depth to the dispersion fan and the fan is apparently a result of weathering processes on a previous upward extension of the primary pitchblende veins. Redistribution of both uranium and radium has occurred at depth within primary ore zones and host wall rocks. 相似文献
18.
花岗岩型铀矿中铀的来源问题，长期以来是铀矿床学研究的热点问题之一。大多数学者认为其成矿物质主要来源于花岗岩本身的含铀副矿物，然而对于含铀副矿物热液蚀变行为研究较少。鹿井铀矿田位于诸广山复式岩体的中部，是华南最主要花岗岩型铀矿田之一，碎裂蚀变岩型铀矿化在该矿田内占主导地位。小山铀矿床位于鹿井矿田中部，是近些年新发现的碎裂蚀变岩型矿床。本文以钻孔ZK1- 1为研究对象，对热液蚀变带开展了精细矿物学研究。研究表明：蚀变带中发育有晶质铀矿、铀石—钍石、独居石、磷钇矿、锆石、磷灰石、金红石等含铀副矿物。晶质铀矿、铀石—钍石中铀含量高，热液蚀变条件不稳定，铀容易释放；独居石蚀变为直氟碳钙铈矿和磷钇矿蚀变为次生磷灰石过程中容易释放出铀；锆石因结构稳定，铀难以释放；磷灰石、金红石中铀含量较低，供铀能力差。综合分析认为花岗岩中晶质铀矿、铀石—钍石是主要铀源矿物，独居石、磷钇矿为次要铀源矿物。 相似文献
19.
The Pongkor gold–silver mine is situated at the northeastern flank of the Bayah dome, which is a product of volcanism in the Sunda–Banda Arc. The hydrothermal alteration minerals in the Ciurug–Cikoret area are typical of those formed from acid to near‐neutral pH thermal waters. On the surface, illite/smectite mixed layer mineral (I/Sm), smectite and kaolinite, and spotting illite, I/Sm and K‐feldspar alteration occur at the top of the mineralized zone. Silicification, K‐feldspar and I/Sm zones are commonly formed in the wall rock, and gradually grade outwards into a propylitic zone. The mineralization of precious metal ore zone is constrained by fluid temperatures between 180 and 220°C, and with low salinity (<0.2 wt% NaCl equivalent) and boiling condition. The minimum depth of vein formation below the paleo‐water table is approximately 90–130 m for the hydrostatic column. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data for quartz and calcite show relatively homogeneous fluid composition (?53 to ?68‰δD and ?5.7 to +0.3‰δ18O H2O). There is no specific trend in the data with respect to the mineralization stages and elevation, which suggests that the ore‐forming fluids did not significantly change spatially during the vein formation. The stable isotope data indicate mixing between the hydrothermal fluids and meteoric water and interaction between the hydrothermal fluids and the host rock. 相似文献