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1.
Sea level fluctuations in central California at subtidal to decadal and longer time scales with implications for San Francisco Bay, California 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sea level elevations from near the mouth of San Francisco Bay are used to describe the low-frequency variability of forcing of the coastal ocean on the Bay at a variety of temporal scales. About 90% of subtidal fluctuations in sea level in San Francisco Bay are driven by the sea level variations in the coastal ocean that propagate into the Bay at the estuary mouth. We use the 100-year sea level record available at San Francisco to document a 1.9 mm/yr mean sea level rise, and to determine fluctuations related to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and other climatic events. At time scales greater than 1 year, ENSO dominates the sea level signal and can result in fluctuations in sea level of 10–15 cm. Alongshore wind stress data from central California are also analyzed to determine the impact of changes in coastal elevation at the mouth of San Francisco Bay within the synoptic wind band of 2–30 days. At least 40% of the subtidal fluctuations in sea level of the Bay are tied to the large-scale regional wind field affecting sea level variations in the coastal ocean, with little local, direct wind forcing of the Bay itself. The majority of the subtidal sea level fluctuations within the Bay that are not related to the coastal ocean sea level signal are forced by an east–west sea level gradient resulting from tidally induced variations in sea level at specific beat frequencies that are enhanced in the northern reach of the Bay. River discharge into the Bay through the Sacramento and San Joaquin River Delta also contributes to the east–west gradient, but to a lesser degree. 相似文献
2.
浮游生物和大型底栖动物参与水体营养物循环, 影响着污染物的迁移转化与沉积物的稳定性, 对海洋生态系统的能 流和物流起着至关重要的作用。为系统了解渤海海域浮游生物和大型底栖动物多样性与优势种的时空变化状况, 本研究以生 态监测调查结果为依据, 站位重点布设在渤海海域重要的河口、海湾、海岛周边海域以及渤海中部海域, 同时结合相关历史 资料, 对渤海海域的浮游生物和大型底栖动物的种类组成 、密度 、生物多样性指数 、优势种等的变化趋势进行了分析。从 2016—2018 年浮游植物的细胞密度空间分布可以看出, 细胞密度均值在滦河口-北戴河海域相对较高, 而在锦州湾 、莱州湾 和庙岛群岛海域相对偏低。渤海浮游植物多样性在各调查海域之间相差不大, 但渤海湾海域的浮游植物多样性呈现明显的逐 年下降趋势。浮游动物细胞密度在滦河口-北戴河海域相对偏高, 其余各海域差别不大。2016—2018 年, 浮游动物多样性在 双台子河口 、渤海湾 、黄河口海域明显增加, 大型底栖动物群落物种数在渤海湾 、黄河口 、莱州湾和庙岛群岛均呈减少趋 势, 大型底栖动物多样性在锦州湾 、滦河口-北戴河的水平偏低, 在渤海湾有所下降, 耐污能力较强的多毛类成为目前渤海 近岸海域大型底栖动物最主要的优势类群。通过与历史数据对比可知, 2014—2018 年, 渤海浮游植物及浮游动物的群落种 类数、密度 、多样性指数总体变化不大, 主要优势种基本一致, 但大型底栖动物种类数 、生物量和密度总体上呈减少趋势, 主要优势种类由软体动物转变为环节动物多毛类。本研究丰富了渤海海域浮游生物和大型底栖动物群落的研究, 并为渤海生 态系统的健康评价与生物多样性保护提供了数据支持, 对合理开发海洋生物资源具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
3.
风和气压的变化是引起海洋非周期性水位(实测潮位值减去预报潮位值的差值,以下简称水位)变化的主要原因。尽管人们对这种过程之间的关系进行了大量研究,但对这一自然现象的研究至今不衰;这是因为水位变化在渤海这种浅水海区达到很大的值,若恰遇高潮阶段,则往往会使所影响的海域水位暴涨,以至海水内陆溢浸造成灾害。所以人们用各种途径去探讨水位变化与强迫力之间的关系。 引起和影响水位变化的原因中,风应力是 相似文献
4.
为给寒区海域的波浪能估算提供科学依据,提出一种合理推算冰水共存海域波浪条件及波能流密度的方法,该方法将海冰模型与水动力学模型耦合模拟得到的冰浓度以线性修正函数的方式纳入波浪模型的海面摩阻风速方程中,并基于MCT (model coupling toolkit)耦合器将海冰模型、水动力学模型与波浪模型进行实时耦合。基于该方法模拟了渤海冬季寒潮大风期间的海冰以及波能流密度的演化。模拟结果表明,在2012年2月5~8日寒潮大风期间,结冰区域占到渤海总面积的1/3,约有76%的渤海海域的平均波能流密度受海冰影响减小,其中辽东湾近岸的波能流密度平均受冰影响最多减小了100%,而渤海湾和莱州湾近岸受冰影响最多分别减小了60%和50%。即使是无冰覆盖的老铁山水道,其波能流密度的最大值也受冰影响减少了14%。耦合模拟可以更为准确地对渤海冬季的波能流密度分布进行评估,为波浪能发电厂选址提供依据。 相似文献
5.
Based on a coupled ocean-sea ice model, this study investigates how changes in the mean state of the atmosphere in different CO_2 emission scenarios(RCP 8.5, 6.0, 4.5 and 2.6) may affect the sea ice in the Bohai Sea, China,especially in the Liaodong Bay, the largest bay in the Bohai Sea. In the RCP 8.5 scenario, an abrupt change of the atmospheric state happens around 2070. Due to the abrupt change, wintertime sea ice of the Liaodong Bay can be divided into 3 periods: a mild decreasing period(2021–2060), in which the sea ice severity weakens at a nearconstant rate; a rapid decreasing period(2061–2080), in which the sea ice severity drops dramatically; and a stabilized period(2081–2100). During 2021–2060, the dates of first ice are approximately unchanged, suggesting that the onset of sea ice is probably determined by a cold-air event and is not sensitive to the mean state of the atmosphere. The mean and maximum sea ice thickness in the Liaodong Bay is relatively stable before 2060, and then drops rapidly in the following decade. Different from the RCP 8.5 scenario, atmospheric state changes smoothly in the RCP 6.0, 4.5 and 2.6 scenarios. In the RCP 6.0 scenario, the sea ice severity in the Bohai Sea weakens with time to the end of the twenty-first century. In the RCP 4.5 scenario, the sea ice severity weakens with time until reaching a stable state around the 2070 s. In the RCP 2.6 scenario, the sea ice severity weakens until the2040 s, stabilizes from then, and starts intensifying after the 2080 s. The sea ice condition in the other bays of the Bohai Sea is also discussed under the four CO_2 emissions scenarios. Among atmospheric factors, air temperature is the leading one for the decline of the sea ice extent. Specific humidity also plays an important role in the four scenarios. The surface downward shortwave/longwave radiation and meridional wind only matter in certain scenarios, while effects from the zonal wind and precipitation are negligible. 相似文献
6.
2014年秋季渤海网采浮游植物群落结构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于2014年秋季在渤海进行的水文、化学和生物方面的综合大面调查,研究了渤海网采浮游植物群落的结构特征,并结合文献资料,分析影响浮游植物群落结构形成的原因。结果显示:2014年渤海秋季共鉴定浮游植物3个门42属96种,其中以硅藻为主,为34属79种,占总物种的82%;甲藻门7属16种,占总物种的17%;金藻门1属1种。其中,角毛藻属的种类最多,共17种;其次为圆筛藻属,共13种。浮游植物总细胞丰度介于(0.71～72.15)×104 cells/m3,平均为13.88×104 cells/m3,硅藻与甲藻细胞丰度比值为2∶1,硅藻在莱州湾的细胞丰度极显著高于其他海区,甲藻在渤海中部海区的细胞丰度显著高于其他海区。浮游植物优势种主要为星脐圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus asteromphalus)、威氏圆筛藻(C. wailesii)、具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)、梭状角藻(Ceratium fusus)和夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)。渤海秋季浮游植物群落多样性水平分布不均,局部海域由于单一优势种过量繁殖多样性降低,低值区分布于辽东湾和渤海海峡海域。与历史同期资料对比,渤海海域浮游植物群落出现明显的物种演替现象,甲藻中的角藻逐渐兴起,其在渤海中部及辽东湾的优势地位已经超过角毛藻属和圆筛藻属,渤海秋季局部海区浮游植物群落结构已经由硅藻控制转为硅藻和甲藻共同控制。 相似文献
7.
黄河口附近海区水文要素基本特征 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
根据大量的实测资料,较详细地分析了黄河口附近海区的温度、盐度、密度时空分布变化规律,探讨了该海区的水流动力结构.阐明了渤海中部区高盐水团较稳定,沿岸冲淡水堆积,其中莱州湾是常年堆积最多的海区,等密度线南下倾斜,有利于黄河入海水偏东扩散.发现在莱州湾口一线有盐度低槽,可能是常流向东的主要路线. 相似文献
8.
青岛地区海雾多发,观测表明海雾对沿海地区影响范围不尽相同,特别是海雾影响内陆的机理尚缺乏研究。本文利用观测资料及数值模式统计了青岛地区4月-7月海雾分布特征,并对不同影响范围海雾典型个例进行对比分析,结果表明:海雾发生日数自沿海向内陆递减。胶州湾沿岸雾日数比黄海沿岸明显减少,胶州湾东北部的雾日数要少于胶州湾西北部。海雾多发生于高空形势稳定,低层偏南流场的天气条件下。大气边界层内逆温层的的范围大致影响着海雾的分布。只影响沿海的海雾,地面为偏南风,风速在3~8 m/s之间,内陆风力减弱不明显。500 m以下大气边界层内风速切变大。湍流作用使海雾向内陆推进过程中倾斜抬升为低云,地面雾区减弱。能够影响内陆地区的海雾,多出现在地面风力较弱的情况之下,大部分在1~3 m/s之间。500 m以下大气边界层内风速切变小,大气边界层内湍流强度不强,使沿海到内陆的逆温层能够始终维持,沿海海雾在弱南风影响下延伸影响内陆地区。 相似文献
9.
为保障渤海海域的污染物控制和生态环境保护,文章基于已有监测数据,分析渤海海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs、LPAHs、HPAHs和CPAHs)的分布、来源及其与沿岸陆地的相关性。研究结果表明:PAHs、LPAHs、HPAHs和CPAHs含量最高的海湾分别为莱州湾、渤海湾、辽东湾和渤海湾,3个海湾均以LPAHs为主;PAHs及其各类组成的来源主要包括入海河流携带的陆源污染物,海流输送并沉积的泄漏原油以及港口、城市和工业基地的排放污水;PAHs的分布受沿岸土地开发利用以及工业和城镇建设等人类活动影响较大,且沿岸土壤中的PAHs对海洋环境造成破坏。 相似文献
10.
风暴潮预报模式在渤海海域中的应用研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
首先运用COHEREN S三维多功能大陆架水动力学模型,对渤海四个主要分潮进行了调和分析,建立了渤海天文潮预报模型。结合9712号热带风暴的路径记录资料,运用风场、气压场估算公式,估算了风暴所经地带风场、气压场的变化过程。以此为输入条件,运用COHEREN S模型模拟了9712号热带风暴作用下渤海的增水过程,还模拟讨论了底摩阻系数对水位的影响。 相似文献
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Fan Wei Mei Han Guangxuan Han Min Wang Lixin Tian Jiqian Zhu Xianglun Kong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(9):192-204
Coastal wetlands are located in the ecotone of interaction between the land surface and sea, and anthropogenic activities extensively interfere with these wetlands through the reclamation of large tidal wetlands and destruction of the function of the ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the dynamic evolutionary characteristics of the Bohai Rim coastal area over the past 40 years using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, the fractal dimension, object-oriented classification, the land-use transfer trajectory, and regression analysis. Additionally, we quantified and monitored the evolution of reclamation and analyzed the correlation between reclamation and coastal wetlands based on 99 Landsat-2, -5, and -8 images (at 60 m and 30 m spatial resolution) over the period 1980–2019. The results are as follows. (1) The coastline of the Bohai Rim increased by 1 631.2 km from 1980 to 2019 with a zigzag variation. The artificial coastline increased by 2 946.1 km, whereas the natural coastline decreased by 90%. (2) The area of man-made wetlands increased by 3 736.9 km2, the area of construction land increased by 1 008.4 km2, and the natural wetland area decreased by 66%. The decrease of tidal flats is the main contributor to the decrease of natural wetland area (takes account for 91.1%). Coastal areas are affected by intense human disturbance, which was taken place across a large area of tidal flats and caused the landscape to fragment and be more heterogeneous. The coastal zone development activities were primarily concentrated in the southern Laizhou Bay, the Yellow River Delta, the Bohai Bay, the northern Liaodong Bay, and the Pulandian Bay. The solidified shorelines and increase in sea level have resulted in intertidal wetlands decreasing and impaired wetland ecology. (3) There is a good agreement between reclamation and the size of the coastal wetlands. Both land reclamation and the reduction in coastal wetland areas are significantly related to the population size, fishery output value, and urbanization rate. In summary, human activities, such as the construction of aquaculture ponds and salt pans, industrialization, and urbanization, are the primary forces that influence the environmental changes in the coastal region. This study is beneficial for establishing and improving the systems for the rational development and utilization of natural resources, and provides theoretical references for restoring wetland ecology and managing future reclamation activities in other coastal zone-related areas. 相似文献
12.
渤海悬浮物分布的遥感研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
利用渤海湾和莱州湾现场实测的悬浮物含量和光谱数据,建立了基于555和670nm波段遥感反射率的悬浮物含量遥感反演模型。经检验,模型平均相对误差优于20%,对输入端误差不敏感。基于该模型,利用ENVISAT MERIS遥感数据,从空间分布格局、大风过程的短期扰动以及季节性差异等方面分析了渤海悬浮物的时空分布特征。(1)渤海悬浮物含量的高值区集中分布在莱州湾(尤其是黄河口和莱州湾湾底)和渤海湾沿岸,此外在辽东湾沿岸海域悬浮物含量也相对较高,而在渤海大部水体悬浮物含量较低。(2)大风过程可在短期内(约1~3d)显著改变全渤海的悬浮物空间分布格局,其中渤海湾和莱州湾响应最为强烈,辽东湾响应相对较弱,这与其各自的水深条件、底质类型和悬浮物粒径等因素有关。(3)渤海悬浮物含量总体上呈春夏低、秋冬高的分布特征;季节性差异最显著的区域是渤海湾、莱州湾和辽东湾,差异性最小的是秦皇岛近岸海域;风力等气候因素是悬浮物分布呈现季节性差异的主要原因,入海径流是另一重要因素。 相似文献
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基于＂动力-统计＂预报方法的MEOFIS（精细化气象要素客观预报）平台以相关模式预报结果为基础,结合历史实况资料建立预报模型,实现站点的精细化预报.利用2009～2011年的T639模式产品和渤海湾北部相关观测站的数据积累统计建模,并对2012～2013年海面4个季节的气温和风速进行预报统计,对比分析该平台在海面气温和风速预报中的适用性.经客观检验,1℃误差范围内,海面各季节的气温和风速预报准确率均高于陆上的预报;海面日最高、日最低和逐3 h气温预报准确率均超过68%,秋季的日最高气温、逐3 h气温和冬季的日最低气温预报最为理想,准确率分别达86.8%、75.2%和78.9%,春季的气温预报整体不理想;显著性检验结果显示：和T639直接输出的结果相比,MEOFIS在各季节的气温预报中具有明显的订正能力.2 m/s误差范围内,过渡性季节春、秋季的日最大风速预报准确率均超过75.0%,夏季的预报效果较差,但逐3 h风速预报准确率最高,达78.0%,冬季的风速预报效果整体不佳;利用总体平均经验模态分解法（EEMD）对各月逐3 h的海面气温和风速预报误差做滤波处理,结果显示MEOFIS平台对这两要素的预报误差均存在明显的双周震荡波,通过滤波可以提高二者预报的准确率,且气温预报准确率的提高更大.预报偏差和方差小的季节,预报准确率的改善更为理想. 相似文献
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Response of the low-frequency fluctuations of sea level to atmospheric forcing along the coasts of the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, the low-frequency fluctuations of sea level and their relationship to atmospheric forcing along the coasts of the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea are studied. Spectrum analyses are made for the time series of daily mean sea level, atmospheric pressure and wind stress at seven coastal stations. It is found that at all the stations, the main part of the energy of the sea level fluctuations, within the (2-60)-day period, is concentrated on the (12-60)-day period band and that an obvious spectral peak appears at the 3-day period. Along the coast of the Huanghai Sea, variations in the sea level are greater in winter than in summer. In winter, along the coasts of the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea there is a kind of sea level fluctuations propagating southwards. Among the many factors causing sea level variation, the most obvious one is atmospheric pressure, followed next by the alongshore wind stress. 相似文献
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渤海湾内海岸的连续开发导致岸线 、海床发生较大变化, 同时影响着湾内的水沙通量。根据不同时期的遥感影像、 实测地形和水文泥沙资料, 统计分析了渤海湾岸线 、面积和海床冲淤变化, 构建了渤海潮流泥沙数学模型, 模拟了 1984 年、 2006 年和 2015 年三个时期的水沙分布, 探究了海岸连续开发对水沙分布和通量引起的累积效应。结果表明： 渤海湾岸线和 海湾面积变化主要发生于 2005 年后, 与 1984 年相比, 2020 年的岸线长度增长超过 185%,海湾面积减少近 19%;曹妃甸港 区南侧海域冲刷基本在 2 m 等深线以内, 而近岸和港池水域基本呈现淤积状态, 淤积幅度在 2 m 以内; 海湾的连续开发利用 使得湾内分潮波振幅增大 、传播速度减缓, 近岸海域的余流变化较为明显,南部较北部海域更甚;西北湾顶 0.2 kg/m3 悬沙 分布区域不断缩小, 西南近岸 0. 15 kg/m3 悬沙分布区域向中部海域推进; 悬沙通量变化与潮流通量并不完全一致, 呈外海增 加、近岸整体降低的变化特征, 湾内向外海输移泥沙的能力减弱。 相似文献
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M2分潮的季节变化对沿海的海洋环境有着重要影响。增强调和分析(EHA)既可以提取主要分潮时变的振幅和迟角,同时可以得到其他分潮不随时间变化的振幅和迟角。本文利用EHA分析渤海湾两个站点的水位数据,研究了渤海湾M2分潮的季节变化。为了评估EHA方法的准确性,在理想实验中设计了人造“水位数据”。利用EHA分析得到的M2分潮时变振幅和迟角以及S2、K1、O1分潮不随时间变化的振幅和迟角均比其他方法得到的结果更接近给定值,表明了EHA的有效性和可用性。当使用EHA分析渤海湾实际海平面观测数据时,得到的M2分潮振幅具有明显的季节变化特征:夏季较大,冬季较小。敏感性实验表明,分析所得渤海湾M2分潮振幅的季节变化趋势不受实验设置的影响,是鲁棒的,能够反映该海域真实的M2分潮季节变化。此外,渤海湾M2分潮振幅的季节变化可能是东亚季风通过影响平均海平面、层化和涡动黏性系数的季节变化而引起的。 相似文献
18.
Atmospheric frontal gravity waves observed in satellite SAR images of the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LIU Shuming LI Ziwei YANG Xiaofeng Pichel William G YU Yang ZHENG Quanan LI Xiaofeng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(5):35-43
In the satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea, the authors observe sea surface imprints of wave-like patterns with an average wavelength of 3.8 km. Comparing SAR observations with sea surface wind fields and surface weather maps, the authors find that the occurrence of the wave-like phenomena is associated with the passing of atmospheric front. The authors define the waves as atmospheric frontal gravity waves. The dynamical parameters of the wave packets are derived from statistics of 9 satellite SAR images obtained from 2002 to 2008. A two-dimensional linear physical wave model is used to analyze the generation mechanism of the waves. The atmospheric frontal wave induced wind variation across the frontal wave packet is compared with wind retrievals from the SAR images. The CMOD-5 (C-band scatterometer ocean geophysical model function) is used for SAR wind retrievals VV (transmitted vertical and received vertical) for ENVISAT and HH (transmitted horizontally and received horizontally) for RADARSAT-1. A reasonable agreement between the analytical solution and the SAR observation is reached. This new SAR frontal wave observation adds to the school of SAR observations of sea surface imprints of AGWs including island lee waves, coastal lee waves, and upstream Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGW). 相似文献
19.
天津海域围填海工程对渤海湾水交换的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用三维海洋数值模型FVCOM,进行渤海湾三维水动力和水交换数值模拟,经实测潮汐和潮流资料验证,模型模拟结果较好。然后采用该模型对渤海湾内的水体水交换能力进行定量研究。研究结果表明,在天津海域进行围填海工程之前渤海湾水体的半交换周期为300 d左右,围填海之后,水体半交换周期延长25 d,渤海湾西部水体的水交换率下降可达10%,半交换周期延长92 d。尤其是天津沿海南部海域的水交换能力下降严重,围填海之后其水体半交换周期延长可达200 d。渤海湾北部也有部分海域水交换周期延长达200 d。建议在进行围填海工程建设时,应将工程对水体交换能力的影响纳入考虑,避免因围填海工程因素造成的恶劣环境影响。 相似文献
20.
Kuo-Chuin Wong Brian Dzwonkowski William J. Ullman 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,84(4):440-446
The instantaneous sea level determined at two sites in the Murderkill Estuary, a tributary of Delaware Bay, results from the superposition of temporal variability operating over different time and spatial scales. Over the relatively short tidal time scales, the semidiurnal tides that represent the dominant tidal constituents in lower Delaware Bay show a modest increase in tidal amplitudes from the bay mouth (Lewes, Delaware), up to Bowers Beach (the mouth of the Murderkill Estuary). However, as the tides propagate into the Murderkill Estuary, the semidiurnal constituents undergo heavy attenuation, resulting in a 48% reduction in tidal amplitude from Bowers to Frederica (approximately the extent of saline intrusion). The diurnal tide, on the other hand, experiences only a 25% reduction in amplitude. The limited tidal asymmetry that is observed may be a result of interaction between flows in the tidal channel and the adjacent salt marsh. At longer time scales, the subtidal sea level experiences no attenuation. The Murderkill Estuary thus behaves like a low pass filter to preferentially damp out high frequency sea level forcing from lower Delaware Bay. The subtidal volume flux in the Murderkill is highly coherent with the time rate of change of sea level, indicating that the Murderkill basically co-oscillates with Delaware Bay in a standing wave fashion over the subtidal time scale. This remote coupling controls more than 90% of the variance in subtidal sea level in the estuary. The surface slopes in the lower bay and the Murderkill Estuary are closely correlated with winds along the orientation of the two waterways, consistent with the effect of local wind on subtidal sea level. 相似文献