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循化-化隆盆地新生代沉积及盆地基底和周缘山系磷灰石裂变径迹年代学分析揭示了青藏高原东北缘晚白垩世以来经历过3期隆升剥露事件: (1)盆地基底及拉脊山和西秦岭北缘构造带磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分析普遍记录了晚白垩世-始新世中期相对快速的区域性的隆升剥露事件, 西秦岭北缘快速抬升的起始时间为84Ma, 受控于向北的逆冲抬升; 向北到循化-化隆盆地中部的拉目峡抬升的起始时间为69Ma; 更北的拉脊山一带快速抬升期主要为40~50Ma, 从而反映晚白垩世-始新世中期的快速抬升由南向北逐渐扩展.这一期构造隆升事件导致循化-化隆盆地和临夏盆地缺失了北部西宁-民和盆地古近纪所具有的西宁群沉积.隆升剥露结束于31Ma左右, 此时化隆-循化盆地向东与同时期的临夏盆地相连为一个统一的大型西秦岭山前盆地, 两者具有相同的构造、沉积演化史, 因此循化-化隆盆地他拉组底部地层年龄最老不会超过临夏盆地最老地层的古地磁年龄, 即29Ma.(2)渐新世晚期约26Ma拉脊山开始双向逆冲隆升, 并可能延续到中新世早期约21Ma, 隆升作用使循化-化隆盆地成为挟持于拉脊山逆冲带和西秦岭构造带之间的山前挤压型前陆盆地, 循化-化隆盆地开始大规模沉积巨厚的他拉组冲积扇相粗碎屑岩.(3)通过循化-化隆盆地咸水河组和临夏组的沉积相分析、古流方向和砾石成分分析, 揭示出拉脊山构造带在中新世8Ma左右发生的最大规模的双向逆冲隆升事件, 这次事件直接导致循化-化隆盆地由前陆挤压盆地转变为山间盆地, 形成现今青藏高原东北缘的盆山地貌基本格局. 相似文献
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晚三叠世是四川盆地演化过程中的重要阶段,该时期盆地西部经历了从被动大陆边缘向前陆盆地的演变.为进一步厘定龙门山中北段印支晚期构造的具体活动时间及活动强度,本研究选择龙门山前中北段某地震剖面进行构造几何分析,结果显示龙门山前中北段大规模的逆冲推覆很可能在须家河组四段沉积初期就已经出现,其恢复的推覆位移量至少达到11 km;另外针对研究区晚三叠世地层开展碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学以及沉积学分析,结果显示~800 Ma主峰及沉积学响应表明须家河组三段沉积时期研究区域地层中具有大量来自龙门山中段彭灌杂岩的碎屑物质,反映龙门山中北段基底在须家河组三段沉积时期已经局部隆升并为研究区提供物源. 相似文献
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川西前陆盆地侏罗纪构造层序地层格架内沉积充填特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了研究侏罗纪龙门山造山带与川西前陆盆地盆山关系,以侏罗系3个构造层序(TS1~TS3)体系域(BE, BW)为研究的基本单元,通过对川西前陆盆地构造层序充填特征的研究发现:龙门山造山带构造运动与沉积盆地的构造层序充填特征吻合较好,并且龙门山造山带北段,中段,南段在各期次构造活动中活动情况具有差异。TS1BE期,川西前陆盆地北部和南部地区都发育有冲积扇-扇三角洲沉积,中部地区为三角洲沉积,显示该期龙门山造山带北段和南段构造活动可能较为剧烈,中段相对较平缓。TS1BW期,川西前陆盆地北部和南部地区都以湖泊沉积为特征,仅在川西前陆盆地中部地区发育有三角洲沉积,显示本期龙门山造山带构造活动不发育,较为平稳。TS2BE期,川西前陆盆地北部和南部地区自西而东为冲积扇,三角洲—滨湖、浅湖沉积环境,中部地区为三角洲沉积,显示龙门山造山带又一次剧烈隆升,且北段和南段活动较为剧烈,中段相对较弱。TS2BW期,层序充填结构表明龙门山造山带北段和中段活动情况再次趋缓,但南段构造活动仍然较为活跃。TS3BE期,川西前陆盆地北部和南部地区发育有冲积扇沉积,中部则以三角洲-湖泊沉积为特征,显示该期龙门山造山带北段和南段都发生了较为剧烈的构造隆升运动,龙门山造山带中段,构造活动相对较为平缓。TS3BW期,龙门山造山带北段和中段构造活动减弱,南段活动持续加剧,于芦山两河口地区沉积有巨厚的冲积扇沉积物。 相似文献
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研究表明，龙门山冲断带是川西前陆盆地的主要物源区，它的逆冲推覆活动直接控制着川西前陆盆地的沉积类型和沉积物供给量，晚三叠世诺利期，瑞替期和晚侏罗世早中期是川西前陆盆地构造沉降速率较高时期，反映龙门山冲断带在这些时期的逆冲推覆速率较大，是逆冲推覆作用构造抬升的强烈时期；而早侏罗世是该地区构造沉降时，估算龙门山逆冲推覆体在各个不同时期的抬升高度和抬升速率。 相似文献
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青藏高原东缘龙门山前陆逆冲带复合结构与生长 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
位于青藏高原东缘的北东向龙门山逆冲带,研究已经证明是中生代与新生代前陆复合扩展和生长的结果。然而,2008年5·12汶川地震地表破裂、余震和滑坡等的单向和分段迁移现象,对龙门山复合逆冲带的结构认识提出了挑战。文章在已有研究成果基础上,针对龙门山复合生长下构建的特殊结构进行了野外调查和构造解析。结果表明,以中生代与新生代两期前陆逆冲带复合生长为基础,龙门山复合逆冲带具有特殊的、主要由前陆逆冲楔叠加后形成的复合结构,而且这种复合逆冲楔具有分级和时序特征;中生代前陆逆冲楔是以逆冲断层-褶皱为特征,并分别组合形成碧口厚皮逆冲推覆体、唐王寨薄皮逆冲推覆体和龙王庙逆冲推覆体,总体从晚三叠世以前开始,至~160 Ma向南递进扩展生长;新生代前陆逆冲楔由逆冲断层和逆冲岩片组成,分为约35~10 Ma和10 Ma以来两个阶段,向南东向递进扩展生长,并可能与川西盆地东侧龙泉山构造相连通。因此,龙门山逆冲带具有前陆逆冲带和生长过程的双重复合结构。 相似文献
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缅甸中央盆地北部新生代隆升作用的研究,不仅对全面认识西缅地块的演化具有重要的意义,而且对该地区的油气勘探也具有重要的指导意义.对采自研究区的2个碎屑岩样、1个钻井基底样品进行了磷灰石裂变径迹测年及热历史模拟分析.在弧前钦敦坳陷西缘冲断带、东缘冲起带和西缅岛弧带获得了逐渐变年轻的裂变径迹年龄（分别是70.6±9.3 Ma、53.4±7.5 Ma和22.7±3.0 Ma）,表明缅甸中央盆地北部在空间上存在自西向东的递进变形过程.磷灰石的热历史模拟分析显示,缅甸中央盆地北部自晚白垩世（80±1 Ma）开始,经历了隆升→快速隆升→平稳→缓慢隆升4个阶段.缅甸中央盆地29~20 Ma的快速隆升冷却事件是缅甸北部区域性隆升剥露作用的体现;4 Ma以来缅甸中央盆地缓慢隆升,这一构造事件是印度板块向东挤压碰撞作用的响应.研究表明缅甸中央沉积盆地的空间发育演化与递进式构造变形（隆升）是新特提斯洋/印度洋岩石圈在新生代期间向西缅地块下的多期次俯冲的直接响应. 相似文献
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汶川地震断裂带科学钻探1号井(WFSD-1)非弹性应变恢复法(ASR法)三维地应力测试与"5.12"汶川地震的形成机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汶川地震断裂带科学钻探1号井(WFSD-1)的ASR三维地应力测试结果表明,龙门山前陆逆冲带与其下伏的龙门山前陆盆地和上覆的松潘-甘孜地块的构造及地应力状态存在有重大差异。从整体上看,在汶川地震中,龙门山前陆逆冲带表现为在强烈的区域性挤压背景下,深部物质沿壳内拆离层自SW向NE方向的"层状"流动,在地壳上部转化为沿映秀-北川断裂(YBF)的快速垂向挤出,而其西侧的松潘-甘孜地块作自SE往NW方向的重力滑覆,东侧的龙门山前陆盆地则表现为自NE往SW方向的走滑或右行旋转。晚新生代以来,扬子地块相对于青藏高原东缘的龙门山造山带并无明显的或大尺度的陆内俯冲作用发生。龙门山前陆逆冲带深部高温低粘度物质垂直向上的、快速的流动和挤出,直接导致了"5.12"汶川地震的发生,而松潘-甘孜地块E向扩展导致龙门山前陆带的强烈挤压和陆壳增厚及深部应力和地震能量的积聚则是诱导深部位移场发生突变和物质快速垂向挤出的主因,E向扩展是深部地震能量积聚和快速垂向挤出作用的必要条件,而非地震发生的直接原因。ASR地应力测试得出的主压应力方向完全平行于GPS同震速度场的位移方向,似乎表明ASR测试获得的原地应力场或许真实地反映了或最接近于地震过程中的构造应力状态。 相似文献
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The Romanian East Carpathians display large-scale heterogeneities along the mountain belt, unusual foredeep geometries, significant post-collisional and neotectonic activity, and major variations in topography, mostly developed in the aftermath of late Miocene (Sarmatian; 11 Ma) subduction/underthrusting and continental collision between the East European/Scythian/Moesian foreland and the inner Carpathians Tisza-Dacia unit. In particular, the SE corner of the arcuate orogenic belt represents the place of still active large-scale differential vertical movements between the uplifting mountain chain and the subsiding Focşani foredeep basin. In this key area, we have analysed the configuration of the present day landforms and the drainage patterns in order to quantify the amplitude, timing and kinematics of these post-collisional late Pliocene–Quaternary vertical movements. A river network is incising in the upstream a high topography consisting of the external Carpathians nappes and the Pliocene–Lower Pleistocene sediments of the foreland. Further eastwards in the downstream, this network is cross-cutting a low topography consisting of the Middle Pleistocene–Holocene sediments of the foreland. Geological observations and well-preserved geomorphic features demonstrate a complex succession of geological structures. The late Pliocene–Holocene tectonic evolution is generally characterised by coeval uplift in the mountain chain and subsidence in the foreland. At a more detailed scale, these vertical movements took place in pulses of accelerated motion, with laterally variable amplitude both in space and in time. After a first late Pliocene uplifting period, subsidence took place during the Earliest Pleistocene resulting in a basal Quaternary unconformity. This was followed by two, quantifiable periods of increased uplift, which affected the studied area at the transition between the Carpathians orogen and the Focşani foreland basin in the late Early Pleistocene and the late Middle to late Pleistocene. Both large-scale deformation events affected the western Focşani basin flank, tilting the entire structure with 9° during the late Early Pleistocene and uplifted it as a block during the early Late Pleistocene. The late Early Pleistocene tilting resulted in 750 m uplift near the frontal monocline and by extrapolation in a presumed 3000 m uplift near the central parts of the Carpathians. The late Middle to late Pleistocene cumulative uplift reaches 250 m and correlates with a contemporaneous progradation of the uplifted areas towards the Focşani Basin. The uplifting events are separated by a second Quaternary unconformity. On the whole, the late Pliocene–Quaternary evolution of the Carpathians orogen/Focşani basin structure indicate large-scale differential uplift during the latest stages of a continuous post-collisional orogenic evolution. 相似文献
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龙门山是青藏高原东缘边界山脉,具有青藏高原地貌、龙门山高山地貌和山前冲积平原三个一级地貌单元。利用数字高程模式图像和裂变径迹年代测定方法研究和计算龙门山晚新生代剥蚀厚度与剥蚀速率,结果表明:3.6 Ma以来龙门山的剥蚀厚度介于1.91-2.16 km之间,剥蚀速率介于0.53-0.60 mm/a之间。在此基础上,开展了该地区岩石圈的弹性挠曲模拟,结果表明龙门山的隆升机制具有以构造缩短隆升和剥蚀卸载隆升相叠合的特点。3.6 Ma之前,龙门山的隆升与逆冲推覆构造负载有关,以构造缩短驱动的构造隆升为特色;3.6 Ma之后,龙门山的隆升与剥蚀卸载驱动的抬升有关,并以剥蚀卸载隆升为特色,进而提出了龙门山晚新生代以来的隆升机制以剥蚀成山作用为主的认识。 相似文献
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新生代龙门山前盆地和盐源盆地是青藏高原东缘龙门山－锦屏山冲断带内及前缘地区发育和保存最好的新生代沉积盆地，本次以地层不整合面和ESR测年资料为主要依据，将该区新生代构造地层序列划分为5个构造层序，即TS1（65－55Ma)、TS2(40-50Ma)、TS3（23－16Ma)、TS4(4．7-1.6Ma)和TS5（0．74－0Ma)，据此将青藏高原东缘新生代构造变形和隆升事件划分为5期，其中TS1与喜马拉雅地体和拉萨地体拼合事件相关，TS2与印亚碰撞事件相关，TS3与青藏高原第一次隆升事件相关，TS4与青藏高原第二次隆升事件相关，TS5与青藏高原第三次隆升事件相关。 相似文献
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WU Zhenhan GUI Shengqin ZHU Dagang FENG Xiangyang MA Yinsheng Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(1):7-13
Thermochronological dating was used to study the thermal evolution of the Mesozoic plutons and uplift history of the Yanshan orogenic belt. The results show that the cooling history of the plutons is complicated, corresponding to the inhomogeneous uplift process of the Yanshan orogenic belt. The Panshan granite cooled fast during 226.48-204.95 Ma at a rate of 10.22℃/Ma after its emplacement at a depth of about 10 km, and its fast uplift occurred in about 96-35 Ma at an average rate of 0.115 mm/a. The Wulingshan pluton cooled fast during 132-127.23 Ma at a rate of 94.34℃/Ma, and its rapid uplift occurred in 86-45 Ma at an average rate of 0.186 mm/a. The Yunmengshan granite cooled fast during 143-120.99 Ma at a rate of 19.51℃/Ma, and its rapid uplift occurred in 106-103.95 Ma and 20-0.0 Ma at a rate of 1.06 mm/a and 0.15 mm/a respectively. The Sihetang granite-gneiss uplifted rapidly since 13 Ma at an average rate of 0.256 mm/a. The Badaling granite uplifted rapidly since 6 Ma at an average rate of 0.5 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(3):327-341
The northern Yangtze foreland basin system was formed during the Mesozoic continental collision between the North and South China plates along the Mianlue suture. In response to the later phase of intra-continental thrust deformation, an extensive E–W-trending molasse basin with river, deltaic, and lake deposits was produced in front of the southern Qinling–Dabieshan foreland fold-and-thrust belt during the Early–Middle Jurassic (201–163 Ma). The basin originated during the Early Jurassic (201–174 Ma) and substantially subsided during the Middle Jurassic (174–163 Ma). A gravelly alluvial fan depositional system developed in the lower part of the Baitianba Formation (Lower Jurassic) and progressively evolved into a meandering river fluvial plain and lake systems to the south. The alluvial fan conglomerates responded to the initial uplift of the southern Qinling–Dabieshan foreland fold-and-thrust belt after the oblique collision between the Yangtze and North China plates during the Late Triassic. The Qianfoya Formation (lower Middle Jurassic) mainly developed from shore-shallow lacustrine depositional systems. The Shaximiao Formation (upper Middle Jurassic) predominantly consists of thick-bedded braided river delta successions that serve as the main body of the basin-filling sequences. The upward-coarsening succession of the Shaximiao Formation was controlled by intense thrusting in the southern Qinling–Dabieshan fold-and-thrust belt. Palaeogeographic reconstructions indicated an extensive E–W foredeep depozone along the fold-and-thrust belt during the Middle Jurassic (174–163 Ma) that was nearly 150 km wide. The depozone extended westward to the Longmenshan and further east to the northern middle Yangtze plate. The northern Yangtze foreland basin was almost completely buried or modified by the subsequent differential thrusting of Dabashan and its eastern regions (Late Jurassic to Cenozoic). 相似文献
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中国西南天山西域砾岩的磁性地层年代与地质意义* 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：11
西域组是我国西部一重要并广泛引用的晚新生代地层,关于其年代和成因至今尚存争议。在西南天山喀什远源盆地喀什-阿图什褶皱带不同构造部位选择有代表性的5~6个晚新生代地层剖面开展了详细的沉积学、磁性地层年代学对比研究,据此限定了不同构造的起始变形时间以及西域砾岩的沉积年代。西域砾岩并非一年代地层单位,作为一岩石地层单位,其底界具有穿时特征,从山体(北)向喀什前陆盆地(南)逐渐变新。其底界年龄在盆地北部近源区约为15.5Ma[1],在盆地中部中源区约为8.6Ma[1],在盆地南部远源区的阿图什背斜为1.9Ma,喀什背斜为1.6~0.7Ma。这一穿时的砾岩沉积楔体的起始堆积起因于盆地北部边界逆冲断层(KBT)的活动。构造变形是由北南脉冲式迁移扩展的,其速率是非均匀的,在约15.5Ma至4.0Ma期间为1.4~3.4mm/a,在约4.0Ma以来剧增至>10mm/a。西域砾岩沉积前缘向南进积速率与构造变形前缘迁移速率有很好的一致性,但在时间上较构造变形可能滞后2.0Ma。这表明构造变形前缘向南的脉冲式扩展是西域砾岩进积并发生侧向和垂向上岩相突变的主因。 相似文献
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英吉苏中新生代凹陷是在古生代逆冲推覆构造背景之上发育起来的背驮式前陆盆地。盆地的沉积作用和变形作用严格受基底参与的逆冲断层的控制。中新生代构造由北向南可划分七个带：北部斜坡带；群克─新开屏背斜带；英北向斜带；阿拉干背斜带；英南向斜带；古城墟斜坡带和罗布庄断凸带。叠瓦式逆冲断层、冲起构造、构造三角带、断展褶皱和披覆构造是英吉苏凹陷的主要变形样式。自三叠纪以来，不同时期的沉积中心自造山带向前陆方向迁移。 中新生界变形的动力学和运动学是与塔里木板块南缘活动大陆边缘的板块拼贴事件和壳内拆离缩短作用有关。 相似文献
18.
The basin-mountain system in the Sichuan Basin(SCB) reflects the main tectonic activity and the orogenic denudation in this region. The seismic probing work reveals the deep structure of the basin-mountain system. The seismic work was re-sampled to the Moho depth and the sedimentary thickness as well as the P-wave velocity-depth function to analyze the deep structure of the SCB and adjacent orogens. The results show two deposit centers in the SCB: the Deyang area in the west and the Nanchuan area in the east and depression uplift exists in the southwestern part of the SCB; the Moho shallowers gradually from the west to east(ca. 62-36 km deep),the South-North seismic belt(SNSB) is very distinctive: the Moho depth is much shallower( 50 km)to the east of the SNSB, whereas it is much deeper(50 km)to the west of the SNSB, suggesting that the SNSB rather than the Longmen Shan tectonic belt is a main Moho transition belt; the topography and the top interface of the basement have the same undulation trend when the sedimentary thickness and the Moho depth have a mirror relationship; the low velocity zone developed in the Kangdian thrust and fold belt and Songpan-Garzê belt implied a soft, weak and thick crust there showing tectonic activity in these areas. 相似文献
19.
北大巴山凤凰山基底隆起晚中生代构造隆升历史 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对采自于北大巴山凤凰山基底隆起8个样品的磷灰石裂变径迹年代学分析和热历史模拟表明,凤凰山基底隆起陆内造山运动结束后的隆升历史大致可以划分为2个阶段：早白垩世中晚期（135±5～95±5 Ma）缓慢隆升,晚白垩世（95±5～65±5 Ma）快速隆升。大巴山北缘韧性剪切带黑云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄证实大巴山北缘中晚侏罗世（165.7±1.9 Ma～161.2 Ma）存在快速隆升剥蚀,其与大巴山强烈陆内造山作用阶段有关; 早白垩世中晚期缓慢隆升代表了陆内造山结束后的稳定阶段; 晚白垩世快速隆升为一次区域性隆升事件,在秦岭、大别和武当等地区均有反映,隆升过程中伴随着强烈的伸展垮塌作用,沿秦岭造山带发育一系列伸展断陷盆地。区域对比分析表明,凤凰山基底隆起隆升历史与黄陵、汉南地块接近,但与武当地块存在明显区别,反映了秦岭造山带的不均一隆升过程。南大巴山前陆带1个样品的热史模拟结果显示,南大巴山前陆带自早白垩世以来与凤凰山基底隆起经历了一致的隆升过程。 相似文献
20.
青藏高原中侏罗世-早白垩世羌塘复合型前陆盆地充填模式 总被引：34，自引：5，他引：34
根据沉积物碎屑组分、粗碎屑楔状体、边缘相、古流向和沉积、沉降中心等重建了盆地结构、古地理和古地貌,认为该盆地是在中侏罗世-早白垩世多岛洋体制下形成的一种复杂的、特殊类型的复合前陆盆地,它的形成和发展同金沙江缝合带与班公湖-怒江缝合带的碰撞和对冲有关,是盆地两侧板块边缘的大型逆冲作用的产物。在此基础上,根据中央隆起地貌景观交替性变化和盆地中“三砂二灰”的幕式沉积特点,将中侏罗世-早白垩世羌塘前陆盆地演化过程分为 5个阶段,其中巴通期和牛津-提唐期是羌塘盆地南北两侧构造活动相对平静期,而巴柔期、卡洛期、提唐-贝里阿斯期是羌塘盆地南北两侧构造活动强烈时期,强烈的逆冲推覆作用产生大量的构造负载,导致中央隆起强烈地挠曲隆升,造成了盆地中的幕式沉积,产生构造层序和层序,恢复了羌塘前陆盆地沉积记录与两侧缝合带的逆冲作用的相互关系. 相似文献