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1.
GIS支持的斜坡地质灾害空间预测系统框架设计 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
根据斜坡地质灾害研究特点和GIS软件的特点，提出了GIS支持下的斜坡地质灾害空间预测的技术路线，建立了具有不同功能的4个子系统组成的基于GIS的斜坡地质灾害空间预测系统；提出了数据库信息的标准和斜坡地质灾害区域空间预测评价指标体系；讨论了斜坡地质灾害预测及动态监测预测的建模、空间尺度和方法；并利用面向对象的高级编程语言研制开发了该系统，开发了与MAPGIS集成的常用的单体斜坡和区域斜坡稳定性预测模型及斜坡地质灾害工程地质信息非空间数据库和空间图形库。该系统将斜坡工程地质信息数据库与图形库、方法库紧密结合，将斜坡地质灾害区域预测与灾害点稳定性预测评价有机地联成一体。它既可以用作大范围的宏观决策，又可以为单体灾害防治提供必要资料；该系统具有可视性强、传输功能和复制功能强及信息可加工的特点，可达到充分利用资料信息，缩短模拟、评价周期和降低成本的目的；而且结果的可视化便于改善和提高管理部门的管理决策质量，为滑坡治理和城市规划建设提供快速服务。 相似文献
2.
斜坡系统可靠性分析研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
:斜坡系统是一个多变的、随机的、具有多种不确定性的复杂系统 ,因此在斜坡稳定性研究中引入可靠性理论意义重大且应用前景广阔。文中从单体斜坡系统和区域斜坡系统两个方面 ,论述了斜坡系统可靠性分析的研究现状和发展趋势。单体斜坡系统可靠性研究的主要方向是 :影响因素与评价模型的进一步研究 ,初步建立可靠指标与安全系数相结合的斜坡稳定性二元指标体系。区域斜坡系统可靠性研究的主要方向是 :利用具有普适意义的可靠性指标 ,结合地理信息系统 (GIS)进行斜坡稳定性研究 ,初步建立风险评价和风险管理的斜坡安全体系 相似文献
3.
为了研究大范围内区域斜坡的稳定性,本文提出了一套基于典型剖面分析的区域斜坡稳定性分区方法。首先,在ArcGIS水文分析的基础上划分斜坡单元;其次,利用MATLAB开发程序,完成斜坡单元的剖分、典型剖面的搜索和提取工作;再次,利用MATLAB动态生成FLAC2D命令流文件,自动计算得到区域斜坡稳定性系数的分布;最后,基于定量计算在ArcGIS中对区域斜坡进行稳定性分区评价。本文选取陕西耀县幅1:5万环境地质调查区内黄土斜坡较发育段作为研究对象,对本方法进行验证。计算结果:（1）研究区域划分为不稳定区、基本稳定区和稳定区3个区;（2）整个方法体系采取智能化的设计理念,各计算步骤之间自动调用执行,程序衔接良好;（3）将GIS分析与外部计算相结合,实现单个斜坡的稳定性计算到区域的推广。 相似文献
4.
基于瑞典条分法数值解的边坡蒙特卡罗可靠性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文基于瑞典条分法数值解的基本思想,建立了蒙特卡罗(Monte-Carlo)边坡可靠性分析计算模型,对云南省香格里拉县冷都复杂斜坡体前缘滑动体的稳定性进行了分析,计算结果表明该复杂斜坡体在目前状况下具有较高的稳定系数和可靠度,在降雨和地震作用下稳定性差,需要采取工程措施进行加固。 相似文献
5.
基于GIS的Bayes统计推断技术在区域斜坡稳定性评价中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探讨Bayes理论在区域斜坡稳定性评价中的应用,将巫山县城新址西区作为研究区,综合应用GIS技术和多元统计技术建立了区域斜坡稳定性分析的2个Logistic多元回归模型,即趋势表面模型和因子模型.趋势表面模型的自变量是位置坐标,因子模型的自变量是影响斜坡稳定的因子,包括地形坡度、高程、坡向、岩性、坡形、距有影响构造线的距离.将趋势表面模型结果作为Bayes模型中的先验信息,将因子模型结果作为Bayes模型中的样本信息,通过Bayes基本原理,得到Bayes综合模型.结果表明,在研究区内,因子模型的拟合度为80.33%,Bayes模型的拟合度为80.61%,后者得出的滑坡发生样本的判对率比前者提高了约7%,说明Bayes模型可用于区域斜坡稳定性概率评价. 相似文献
6.
以黄土塬边斜坡为例，建立地下水位与斜坡稳定性系数的关系。结果表明，在不考虑其它因素的影响下，斜坡的稳定性系数随着斜坡内地下水位的上升逐渐下降直至临界状态，地下水位每上升1m、斜坡稳定性系数约降低0．025，据此可对斜坡的稳定性进行评价和预测。 相似文献
7.
顺层岩质斜坡是沉积岩地区常见的一种斜坡类型,也是各种工程建设重点关注的一类斜坡。以川西雅安地区典型的顺层岩质斜坡为例,采用现场调查、无人机测绘、钻探、物探和稳定性计算等技术方法,归纳总结目前斜坡存在的变形破坏模式。分析计算斜坡在不同工况条件下,层间破碎带连通率与斜坡稳定性之间的关系。研究结果表明:层间破碎带对斜坡稳定性具有重要的影响或控制作用,当斜坡浅表部强风化岩体内层间破碎带连通率小于86%时,斜坡稳定性与现状调查结果吻合。研究结果对川西地区基础设施规划建设和防灾减灾具有重要的工程意义。 相似文献
8.
极限分析上限方法在海底斜坡稳定性评价中受到了广泛关注,但已有成果未考虑地震荷载以及多土层海底斜坡可能出现的局部破坏机制。基于上限定理,推导了拟静力水平地震条件下多土层海底斜坡外力功率与内能耗散率平衡方程;结合强度折减技术和最优化方法,求解了海底斜坡整体和局部地震稳定性安全系数,并实现了多土层海底斜坡的局部滑动面搜索;通过典型算例分析,验证了本文方法的有效性。在此基础上,探讨了不同水平地震条件下两种组合土层海底斜坡的整体和局部稳定性,通过与数值解对比,其结果可以较准确地评价海底斜坡稳定性并有效预测滑移面位置。最后,将极限分析上限方法应用于一海底斜坡工程实例。 相似文献
9.
通过对鹿亭溪W24号典型斜坡的详细调查和分析解剖,对比前人的研究,作者提出了一类板梁状斜坡破坏模式。证实了这类斜坡不仅发生在近水平的砂泥岩互层的地层中,也可以发生在上部主要由近水平的坚硬、较坚硬的灰岩构成,下部主要由近水平的较软的砂泥岩构成的地层中。本文从地质演化的角度,分析了这类斜坡的形成机理,并将其划分为3个阶段:(1)卸荷回弹阶段; (2)压致拉裂面自下而上扩展阶段; (3)滑移面贯通阶段。简要分析影响斜坡稳定的因素,着重分析了地下水对这类斜坡稳定性的影响。基于极限平衡理论,用不同的方法计算了这类斜坡的启动水头,分析了在强降雨条件下的这类斜坡稳定性问题。以鹿亭溪W24号典型斜坡为例,通过离散元数值模拟技术,对坡体加载启动水头来模拟该类斜坡由变形累积到整体失稳的全过程。最后,笔者通过这类斜坡破坏机制及其稳定性的研究,对这类斜坡的整治提出了针对性的治理措施。 相似文献
10.
四川南江红层地区在降雨期间往往发生大规模的群发性低缓浅层土质滑坡,滑坡上覆土层普遍在1~5m之间,以3m居多。针对该地区的浅层土质滑坡,根据相关资料及现场调查,概化得到了该类斜坡的地质剖面及岩土层性质,利用Geo-studio分析了土厚1~5m斜坡基覆界面处孔隙水压力的变化及土层中湿润线的动态变化,计算了斜坡的瞬态稳定性;试验取得不同含水率下的土体c、φ值,研究软化作用对斜坡稳定性的影响。结果表明:土层越厚,基覆界面处累积的孔隙水压力越大,斜坡稳定性系数越小,斜坡稳定性变化与基覆界面处孔隙水压力的发展变化关系密切;土层越薄,雨水入渗途径越短,基覆界面接受雨水软化的时间越长,土体抗剪强度衰减越多;c、φ值越低,斜坡稳定性系数越低。抗剪强度c、φ是影响该类斜坡稳定性的重要因素之一。 相似文献
11.
Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
12.
Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
14.
15.
Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
16.
正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.) 相似文献
17.
正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology, 相似文献
18.
正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.) 相似文献
19.
正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se- 相似文献
20.
正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with 相似文献