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1.
选取辽河口海岸带沉积物作为研究对象,通过测定沉积物中~(137)Cs比活度,来分析沉积物中~(137)Cs比活度、蓄积总量的分布特征及影响因素,并基于~(137)Cs的测年原理估算该区域的沉积速率。结果表明:辽河口海岸带表层沉积物中~(137)Cs比活度的变化范围为(1.03±1.01)～(15.68±1.13)Bq/kg,平均值为5.09±0.34Bq/kg(n=17),变化幅度较大;在空间上呈现出由陆地向潮滩、由西向东逐渐降低的趋势。该区域沉积物柱样中~(137)Cs比活度的垂直分布主要呈现出单峰型、双峰型和不规则曲线的分布态势。采用~(137)Cs起始层位法与最大峰值法计算辽河口海岸带沉积物的沉积速率,均发现辽河口海岸带沉积物的沉积速率呈现出从北到南(从陆地到海洋)逐渐增大的趋势。沉积物中~(137)Cs蓄积总量范围为(980±46)～(6094±92)Bq/m2,平均值为2278±42Bq/m2,高于研究区~(137)Cs的全球大气沉降通量值1310Bq/m2(衰变校正到2015年);全球大气沉降的~(137)Cs约占该区域~(137)Cs蓄积总量约57.5%,表明该区域沉积物中~(137)Cs的主要来源是全球大气直接沉降。 相似文献
2.
本文应用同位素示踪和γ能谱测定方法,就海水对近岸沉积物中放射性同位素~(90)Sr(~(85)Sr)、~(137)Cs、~(60)Co及~(106)Ru的解吸性能进行了初步研究。海水对沉积物中四种同位素解吸性能的变化顺序为~(90)Sr(~(85)Sr)>~(106)Ru>~(60)Co>~(137)Cs,沉积物吸附的~(90)Sr(~(85)Sr)易被海水解吸,而~(137)Cs和~(60)Co则易被沉积物吸附固定。 相似文献
3.
几种近海沉积物吸附137Cs的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对青岛近海放射性污染调查研究中发现,该海区与对照海区(石岛海区和连云港海区)海水中~(137)Cs的含量处于同一水平,而所取沉积物中~(l37)Cs的含量却存在明显差异。同 相似文献
4.
通过分析第十次北极考察楚科奇海、白令海考察区表层沉积物样品中放射性核素~(210)Pb和~(137)Cs,获得表层沉积物(0～8 cm)中~(210)Pb和~(137)Cs在不同断面和不同层的比活度范围和分布。楚科奇海陆架区R断面表层沉积物(0～2 cm层)~(210)Pb比活度范围为44.80～117.45 Bq·kg~(-1);~(137)Cs检出主要分布在表层沉积物(2～4 cm和4～6 cm层),比活度范围为未检出～2.23 Bq·kg~(-1)。白令海BL和BR断面表层沉积物(0～2 cm层)~(210)Pb比活度范围分别为29.93～141.35 Bq·kg~(-1)和40.78～620.43 Bq·kg~(-1);BL和BR断面~(137)Cs比活度范围分别为未检出～2.48 Bq·kg~(-1)和未检出～2.08 Bq·kg~(-1)。其中在白令海考察区南端陆坡区深海站位出现~(210)Pb比活度高值;结合表层沉积物垂向分层数据揭示水体中~(210)Pb随颗粒物移除沉降到海底,随海底深度增加而显著升高;各站位的表层沉积物年沉积率随海底深度增加而降低。深海区域站位表层沉积物~(210)Pb比活度随海底深度增加而增加现象说明,颗粒物沉降过程的吸附作用是主要原因。也表明表层沉积物~(210)Pb比活度与海水深度的比值作为~(210)Pb均化因子(HF),可指征颗粒物中~(210)Pb比活度从水体上层至海洋底层随沉降过程的平均变化。研究结果表明楚科奇海陆架区部分站位表层沉积物~(210)Pb存在明显的扰动情况,楚科奇海陆架区、白令海陆架区表层沉积物中~(137)Cs在沉积物各层深分布不均匀。 相似文献
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6.
太湖ZS孔沉积记录的近50年来营养盐沉积通量变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对太湖北部竺山湾沉积物(ZS孔)钻探,测试ZS孔沉积物~(210)Pb、~(137)Cs、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和粒度,研究近代太湖湖泊沉积物营养盐沉积通量变化。结果表明,ZS孔中~(137)Cs比活度较低(<15 Bq/kg),利用ZS孔~(137)Cs 1963年时标得到平均沉积速率为0.32 cm/a,与应用~(210)Pb的CRS模式获得的近50年来平均沉积速率一致,利用~(210)Pb的CRS模式计算出近50年来沉积通量为0.13～0.75 g·cm~(-2)·a~(-1)),结合沉积物中的TOC、TN和TP浓度,获取了营养盐沉积通量在垂向上的变化,结果显示,自20世纪80年代初以来,营养盐沉积通量明显增加,谊变化趋势与20世纪60年代以来的观测资料相符,有机磷的影响和人类活动被认为是造成近20年来TP沉积通量增加的原因。 相似文献
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9.
近岸沉积物对~(90)Sr(~(85)Sr),~(137)CS,~(60)CO及~(106)Ru的吸附性能 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文应用同位素示踪和γ能谱分析方法,就近岸沉积物对放射性同位素~(90)Sr((~85)Sr),~(137)Cs,~60Co及~(106)Ru的吸附性能进行了研究。对同种类型的沉积物,吸附分配系数Kd值的变化顺序大致为~(137)Cs>~(60)Co>~(106)Ru>~(90)Sr;对同种放射性同位素,吸附分配系数Kd值与沉积物的粒度系数(Mdφ)存在正相关关系;在低活度示踪条件下,Kd值不变。实验结果与相应海区的实际调查结果相符,沿岸核企业在设计排污方案时,亦应考虑沉积物对放射性同位素的吸附及其污染影响。 相似文献
10.
于黄河水下三角洲刁口叶瓣东侧获取柱状样K2,对其进行~(137)Cs活度分析,发现活度剖面在2.7和1.9 m处分别存在一个最大蓄积峰和次级蓄积峰,根据~(137)Cs的大气沉降规律并结合沉积物粒度数据与黄河输沙量,确定其最大蓄积峰对应于1964年,次级蓄积峰对应于1967年。柱状样的粒度组分以深度2.1 m为界可明显划分为两段,下段沉积物粒度组分稳定,上段砂粒含量明显增大并在1.9 m处达最大值。对柱状样~(210)Pb_(ex)的活度剖面分析表明,其呈现两段式分布:1.9～3.5 m为衰变层,0～1.9 m为混合层。分析结果表明~(137)Cs活度剖面的蓄积峰、沉积物粒度组分的改变以及~(210)Pb_(ex)活度的两段式分布均记录了黄河入海口的变迁,并与黄河入海泥沙量存在对应关系。本文统计了研究区1958—2014年的历史水深资料,分析得出钻孔所处海域在1964—1976年(刁口流路行河期)的淤积厚度远大于1976—2014年(清水沟流路行河期)的侵蚀厚度,因此柱状样K2的~(137)Cs活度剖面的1964年最大蓄积峰与~(210)Pb_(ex)活度衰变层得以存在。 相似文献
11.
D. Knapinska-Skiba R. Bojanowski Z. Radecki G. E. Millward 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2001,53(6):779
The activity concentrations of dissolved137Cs have been determined in the water column and137Cs and134Cs in the sediments and the sediment porewaters of the southern Baltic Sea. The mean activity concentration of dissolved137Cs in the Gdansk Deep declined from 109 Bq m−3in June 1986 to 61 Bq m−3in 1999. In sediments, the activity concentrations of137Cs (33-231 Bq kg−1) were highest in muds and the activity concentrations of134Cs were about 6% of the total Cs activity. The Chernobyl contribution to137Cs activity was between 43% and 77%. The porewater activity concentrations of137Cs in muddy sediments were in the range 71 to 3900 Bq m−3and were higher than those in the overlying seawater. The diffusive flux of dissolved137Cs from the muddy sediments was estimated in the range 5 to 480 Bq m−2year−1. The flux of137Cs from sediment porewaters of the southern Baltic Sea was about 45% of the total, including fluxes of137Cs from wet and dry atmospheric deposition and the fluvial inputs. The results were used to elucidate the rate of recovery of the sediments and the waters of the southern Baltic from Chernobyl-derived137Cs. 相似文献
12.
The distribution and inventory of artificial radionuclides,239,240Pu and137Cs were determined in the East China and the Yellow Seas in 1987. Almost all of239,240Pu and 50 to 80% of137Cs in the continental shelf area are retained in the sediment column.239,240Pu sediment inventory in the sea area is larger than the fallout input and tends to increase southwardly. This excess239,240Pu and the lateral distribution are attributable to the supply of239,240Pu by the Yangtze River discharge. On the contrary,137Cs sediment inventory shows a decrease to the south, and the fact can be accounted for by the southward dispersion of fine silt particles discharged from the Yellow River. Total137Cs inventory is smaller than the estimated fallout input, and the fact seems to indicate dispersion of137Cs out of the shelf region. Vertical profiles of239,240Pu and137Cs contents in sediments differ from that of natural210Pb, implying the effect of varied accumulation rates of the artificial radionuclides over the sediment particle mixing by benthic organisms. Apparent maximum sediment particle mixing coefficient (D
B
) calculated from the excess210Pb profiles in stations located between the inner and outer shelves ranged from 1.4 to 8.3 cm2y–1. ThisD
B
value is higher than that in the Okinawa Trough (1.0 cm2y–1), but lower than previously estimatedD
B
value (26 cm2y–1) in the outer shelf mud. 相似文献
13.
Shigeyoshi Otosaka 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(5):559-570
Temporal changes in cesium-137 (137Cs) concentrations in the surface (0–10 cm) layer of seabed sediment were quantified from continuous observation data at 71 stations within a 150-km radius of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, and the primary processes affecting temporal changes were identified. From March 2011 to the end of 2015, about 80% of the initially deposited 137Cs in the surface sediment in the coastal region (bottom depth ≤100 m) region has dissipated (radioactive decay is not included). Such a remarkable change in the 137Cs concentration was not observed in the offshore (>100 m) region. This paper focuses on the following three processes that affected the decrease in the 137Cs concentrations, and assesses their relative importance; (1) resuspension and transport of 137Cs-bound sediment, (2) desorption of 137Cs from the sediment, and (3) dilution of 137Cs by vertical mixing of sediment. Consequently, it was estimated that the first two processes together have potentially contributed to reduce the 137Cs inventory in the top 10 cm of the coastal region by at most 35%. Furthermore, by applying a pulse input sediment mixing model to the observed vertical distribution of sedimentary 137Cs, it was also estimated that more than 43% of the 137Cs in the surface sediment was transported to deeper sediment layers by vertical mixing of the sediment. This indicates that the decrease of 137Cs concentrations in coastal sediments was mainly affected by mixing of 137Cs-bound surface sediment with less contaminated sediment in the deeper layers. 相似文献
14.
The Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011 released large amounts of radionuclides, including ~(137)Cs, into the Pacific Ocean. A quasi-global ocean radioactive transport model with horizontal grid spacing of 0.5°×0.5° and 21 vertical layers was thereafter established to study the long-term transport of the Fukushima-derived ~(137)Cs in the ocean.The simulation shows that the plume of ~(137)Cs would be rapidly transported eastward alongside the Kuroshio Current and its extensions. Contaminated waters with concentrations lower than 2 Bq/m3 would reach the west coast of North America 4 or 5 years after the accident. The ~(137)Cs tends to be carried, despite its very low concentration, into the Indian and South Pacific Oceans by 2016 via various branches of ocean currents.Meanwhile, the ~(137)Cs concentrations in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean decrease rapidly with time. Up to now the highly contaminated waters have remained in the upper 400 m, showing no evidence of significant penetration to deeper layers. 相似文献
15.
Masashi Kusakabe Naohiko Inatomi Hyoe Takata Takahito Ikenoue 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(5):529-545
Radioactivity has been monitored in seafloor sediments off Fukushima and nearby prefectures regularly. During the initial monitoring period (May–September 2011), 137Cs concentrations in the surface sediments (0–3 cm) generally increased to 8–580 Bq/kg. Subsequently, concentrations decreased at variable rates. In the latest data, from February 2016, concentrations were still higher at 0.8–141 Bq/kg than the pre-accident level. The geometric mean concentration declined steadily from 47 Bq/kg in September 2011 to 13 Bq/kg in February 2016. The 137Cs abundance (Bq/m2) in the surface sediment at each station decreased similarly. The rate of decrease of surface abundance varied spatially by almost one order of magnitude, ranging from 1.1 × 10?4 to 1.7 × 10?3/day, equivalent to halving times of 16–1.1 years, respectively. The rate of decrease was related to the median sediment grain size at each station. In addition, bottom-water dynamics, through the redistribution of bottom sediments, may have caused spatial variability in the rate of decrease, whereas vertical profiles of 137Cs concentrations in the sediment suggest that vertical migration of 137Cs was not a major mechanism reducing the surface 137Cs concentration. From September 2011 to February 2016, the overall halving time of 137Cs in the surface sediment in the monitoring area, excluding the area inside a 30-km radius from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant, was 2.3 years. Thus, 76% of the originally deposited 137Cs (46 × 1012 Bq) in the surface sediment was transported out of the area during that period. 相似文献
16.
对赣北黄茅潭近代湖泊沉积岩芯进行了~(137)Cs、~(210)Pb测试和SCP(球状碳粒)计数分析,阐述了~(137)Cs蓄积特征,结合SCP计数、粒度指标及降水记录厘定了一些事件性沉积层位。研究表明,1986年前后是沉积环境中~(137)Cs行为的转折点;在这之前,~(137)Cs以大气散落为主,其蓄积行为大致与降水存在正相关关系,在这之后,~(137)Cs以流域侵蚀为主,其蓄积行为与降水呈负相关关系。1953—1954年、1974—1975年、1998—1999年,流域降水丰沛,相应沉积层位~(137)Cs比活度低,这与流域强烈侵蚀稀释了进入湖泊的~(137)Cs有关。1963—1964年沉积层位~(137)Cs蓄积峰稳定而显著,与高通量的大气散落有关,也与当时降水量低,大雨、暴雨次数少,流域侵蚀强度低造成较低的沉积速率等密切相关,是可靠的定年时标。1986年存在同样的气候环境特点,其蓄积峰可能也是存在的,但需要进一步确认。基于~(210)Pb方法,利用多种计年模式计算了沉积岩芯的年代,发现与这些事件性沉积层位具有较大差异。研究认为,在长江中游这种降水高、流域侵蚀强度高的较为复杂的沉积环境中,~(210)Pb计年存在较大误差。复杂沉积环境中近代沉积的定年,有必要深度挖掘~(137)Cs环境行为,在全面阐述其蓄积特点的基础上,辅以SCP计数、粒度指标及降水等识别事件性沉积层位,矫正~(210)Pb计年,是精确建立近代沉积时标的必要方法。 相似文献
17.
Y Kato H KitazatoM Shimanaga T NakatsukaY Shirayama T Masuzawa 《Progress in Oceanography》2003,57(1):77-95
Profiles of the radioisotopes 210Pb and 137Cs were determined in 15 sediment cores collected from Sagami Bay, Japan. The activities of 210Pbex (unsupported) in core top sediments increased with water depth from 25 dpm g−1 on the upper continental slope off the mouth of Tokyo Bay to an average of 283 dpm g−1 at the deep-sea station SB. The high 210Pb trapping efficiency of settling particles expected from the results of the sediment trap experiment near the SB site suggests that effective 210Pb enrichment in surface sediments may occur during resuspension and lateral transportation of particles via the benthic nepheloid layer on the continental slope. In several cores, 137Cs profiles showed an increase, a distinct peak, and then a decrease to an undetectable level downcore. These profiles can be compared with the temporal change of bomb-produced 137Cs fallout.The mean sedimentation rates estimated by the 210Pbex inventory method, rather than using 210Pbex profiles, ranged from 0.06 g cm−2 y−1 to 0.14 g cm−2 y−1. The average value of the rates in SB cores was calculated to be 0.11 g cm−2 y−1, which was similar to that calculated under the assumption that the age of the 137Cs peak corresponds to its maximum fallout year in 1963.Although 137Cs inventories represented one tenth of the anthropogenic fallout of 137Cs until 1997, they correlated with the increase in 210Pbex inventory. This suggests that the scavenging of refractory 137Cs as well as 210Pb by settling particles in the water column can lead to the formation of a time marker layer even in deep-sea sediment core, such as at the SB site. 相似文献
18.
An analysis of the variations in the concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides in the Baltic Sea surface waters after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was performed. An instability of the 137Cs concentration values during the short-term observations was found, when these values were differed 2-to 3-fold. The concentrations of 90Sr appeared to be more stable; meanwhile, their deviations sometimes exceeded the ranges of the experimental errors. By the variations in the monthly average values of the radionuclide concentrations in the surface waters of the Baltic Sea in 1989–1995, no trend of the water self-purification was observed. The theoretical results obtained confirmed the potential of the formation and propagation of patches with increased concentrations of 137Cs in the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea. The most reliable factor that controlled the process of self-purification of the Baltic Sea water appeared to be the mean annual value of the concentration of radionuclides. Pronounced divergences were obtained between the measured and calculated mean annual concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides in the surface waters of the Baltic Sea in 1989–2001. These divergences are explained by the potential influence of the waters from the Gulf of Bothnia and by other additional supplies of radionuclides to the marine environment, which were not included into the mathematical models. 相似文献
19.
239, 240Pu,137Cs and90Sr concentrations were determined in sea waters from the central and western North Pacific in 1980 and 1982. The results are
consistent with those reported earlier for North Pacific waters. The profiles of90Sr and137Cs show a monotonic decrease with depth, whilst239, 240Pu shows a distinct subsurface maximum at a depth between 400 and 1,000 m.
The calculated inventories of these nuclides significantly exceed the global mean fallout inputs for these latitudes. This
may be due to local fallout input to the ocean at times of large-scale nuclear weapon tests in the equatorial North Pacific.
The existence of measurable amounts of137Cs and239, 240Pu in deep waters suggests that these nuclides are transported by sinking particulate matter from the surface to the deep
ocean. 相似文献
20.
Tadahiko Tsuruta Hisaya Harada Toshiharu Misonou Toshiyuki Matsuoka Yasuyuki Hodotsuka 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(5):547-558
Investigations including a bathymetric survey, sonic prospecting, and vibrocoring were performed to understand the horizontal and vertical distribution of 137Cs in seabed sediments in shallow seas with depths less than 30 m near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Especially, features of 137Cs distributions in deeper sections of the seabed sediments were studied to evaluate the vertical heterogeneity of 137Cs distribution in the seabed sediments in shallow seas. The distribution area of the seabed sediments was less than half of the investigation area, and the locations of the seabed sediments were divided into flat and terrace-like seafloors based on their topographical features. The thicknesses of the seabed sediment layers were mostly <2 m. The 137Cs inventories in the seabed sediments varied from 13 ± 1 to 3,510 ± 26 kBq m?2, and continuous distributions of 137Cs at depths greater than 81 cm were observed. The 137Cs distributions were not uniform; however, the 137Cs inventories tended to be larger near the base of the steeper ascending slopes than in the terrace-like seafloors themselves. Based on the relationship between the 137Cs inventories and mean shear stress, features of the seafloor topography were inferred to be significant control factors governing the horizontal and vertical distribution of 137Cs in the seabed sediments. Rapid changes and multiple peaks in the vertical profile of the 137Cs distributions suggest that they are related to pulse input caused by heavy-rain events. Change in the 137Cs inventories with depth in this study are larger than those reported in previous studies, indicating earlier results of 137Cs inventories per unit in seabed sediments in shallow seas, especially near the river mouth, which drains a radiologically highly-contaminated basin, were underestimated. 相似文献