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1.
Elizabeth Kenworthy Teather 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2001,22(2):156-172
This paper focuses on Hong Kong's Gravesweeping Festivals, Qingming and Chongyang. The practices carried out in urban cemeteries at these Festivals are over two thousand years old, and represent “time out” from modern “clock time”. They are examined in the context of Giddens' (1985) reworking of Hägerstrand's time‐space geography, and of Douglas' (1966) discussion of pollution. It is suggested that the cemeteries are regarded as dangerous places because they represent liminal spaces. Giddens' dimension of span enables a distinction to be made between, on the one hand, the long‐established cultural significance of the grave, and, on the other, the recentness of the urban cemetery. The dimension of form(redefined from Giddens' original concept), applied to some details of cemetery landscapes, reveals the “worlds apart” of the non‐material worlds of the spirits and of fengshui. By considering the Festivals in the light of Giddens' dimension, character, it emerges that the Gravesweeping Festivals are, as they have been for centuries, firmly embedded in Hong Kong's social system, where routines of ancestor veneration continue to renew and strengthen the family bonds that are at the heart of Confucian values. Furthermore, their continued observation may well represent practices that are of deep ontological significance to the predominantly immigrant community of Hong Kong. 相似文献
2.
全球化时代城市问题越来越多的以尺度问题的形式出现,尺度理论为分析城市发展背后的各种动力及其影响提供了新的视角。回归后,特区政府如何与位于不同尺度上的地域组织相互作用,进行尺度重组,是探究香港城市发展与管治的关键问题。本文考察广深港高速铁路香港段从项目构想、方案设计,到咨询及申请拨款的全过程,识别这个过程所涉及的不同尺度的作用者,分析他们的作用方式及作用结果。研究表明,回归后,特区政府主动向上尺度重组以拓展香港发展的腹地,政府间的制度性合作是其尺度重组的重要方式。同时,香港逐渐成长的市民社会是参与城市发展尺度重组的重要力量,地方行动者运用尺度政治从多个尺度建构话语和采取行动,对特区政府的方案进行抗议并引发整个社会的讨论。对香港的案例分析可加深对体制转型背景下地域组织尺度重组的认识,丰富尺度重组的理论内涵;也有助于国家客观地了解香港,为制定合理的政策提供科学依据。此外,内地市民社会逐步萌芽成长,案例中特区政府与香港市民社会互动的经验与教训可为内地政府提供借鉴。 相似文献
3.
RURAL-URBAN CLASSIFICATION AND MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE IN INDIA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ram B. Bhagat 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2005,26(1):61-73
Rural‐urban classification constitutes an important framework for the collection and compilation of population data in many countries. While “urban” is often specifically defined, “rural” is treated simply as a residual category. The criteria defining urban also differ from country to country. This paper argues that these rural and urban statistical categories are also highly significant for local governance, increasingly so in recent years given the emphasis on local governance and its restructuring. In India, constitutional amendments have given constitutional status to local bodies in the federal structure of the country. Local bodies are thus now expected to draw up their own plans and initiate development works, which requires them to generate their own resources and lessen their dependence on central government funding. It is thus necessary to reorganize urban space into viable spatial units in terms of their revenue base. While rural‐urban classification is the task of the Census of India, state governments are responsible for granting municipal status to urban centres. This paper examines the criteria and limitations of the rural‐urban classification followed by the Census, its congruence with the dynamics of state‐accorded municipal/non‐municipal status and some implications for municipal governance in India. 相似文献
4.
通过文本分析和档案分析的方法,立足文学地理学分析框架和研究范式,分析了香港70年代、过渡时期、后殖民时期三部文学界热门且公认具代表性的作品——《我城》《烦恼娃娃的旅程》和《后殖民食物与爱情》,解构了作品中“本土”“国家”和“全球”3个空间维度下再现的地理物象、空间想象、人物活动、地方文化,窥探其内部隐含的文化认同与身份意识问题。结果发现,由于香港社会历史和文化背景不断变迁等原因,香港的文化和身份意识处于不断重塑的状态。通过文本分析,发现香港文学作品中最早萌芽的是“本土”意识。西西的《我城》被认为是本土意识的发轫之作,其在港英政府和回不去的家这一夹缝中在“城”这一空间尺度上勾勒出浓浓的地方意识。其次,在中国恢复行使香港主权这一背景下,《烦恼娃娃的旅程》这一极具回归题材代表性的作品深刻地刻画了香港人在身份认同尺度升级过程中的迷惘。最后,也斯的《后殖民食物与爱情》通过“食物”为线索讲述了回归后的香港故事,为读者认识后殖民时期多元文化混杂下的香港社会提供了细致的观察。通过对三部文学作品的分析,发现港人经历了由殖民统治时期本土身份意识的觉醒以及对中国文化的归属,到回归过渡阶段身份意识的尺度升级及其不适,再到回归后多元文化的交织和协商,不仅在尺度上实现了由地方到国家再到全球化的身份意识塑造,而且在结构上存在中华文化、西方文化和香港本土文化不断协商与冲突的三重性。更为重要的是,通过文学地理视角的讨论,发现这样的文化和身份意识不是属于某个群体的特有特征,而是根植于香港社会的每一寸肌肤,不仅反映了小说作者对香港社会的细致观察,在一定程度上也反映了社会本身所面临的文化和身份困扰。 相似文献
5.
文章收集了428份由公共部门发布的粤港澳大湾区协同发展政策,根据政策主体拓扑关系测度城市间的大湾区协同政策供给强度,绘制基于协同发展政策关系的大湾区空间联系格局,结果发现：1）单向惠港惠澳的政策措施是当前主要的政策供给方向;2）政策供给高度集中于公共服务与产业领域;3）区县及以下层级和地方专业部门尚未充分进入大湾区协同发展政策网络;4）港、澳、广、深四大中心城市与大湾区其他主体间的政策关系与空间联系方式各异;5）大湾区城市间的政策联系在都市圈尺度内互动频密,跨都市圈政策联系相对松散。最后,提出以下建议：粤港澳大湾区可进一步加强邻域城市、邻域区县、专业部门间以及广深2个中心城市之间的双向政策联动,统筹对港、对澳政策,使得政策供给进一步适应大湾区的治理结构。 相似文献
6.
José Carlos G. Aguiar 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2012,33(2):171-183
The vision of a borderless world, of people, ideas and products freely circulating within a self‐regulating market, is one that clashes with the emerging legal regime based on the punitive force of the state. After a period of liberalization, seen in the opening of national economies and the promotion of regional trade projects and free‐trade zones, the ambivalence of neoliberalism is manifest in a borderless capitalism that ambiguously depends on the securitization of national borders. Such a changing regime of state intervention is clearly seen at the Iguazú triangle – the tri‐border urban conglomerate that straddles Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina – where the illegality of informal cross‐border trading has been tolerated for decades. Recently stepped up police raids and controls hinder the passage of people and goods, while a new fiscal regime introduced in 2009 in Brazil attempts to regularize cross‐border trafficking by turning petty smugglers into micro entrepreneurs. Petty smugglers – dubbed sacoleiros– can hardly be defined as entrepreneurs and do not constitute an identifiable category of entrepreneurship but, as typical in the informal sector, act on opportunity and need. Drawing on ethnographic research, this paper contextualizes the programmes for border controls and regularizing smuggling inspired by neoliberal ideology in South America. 相似文献
7.
从珠三角到大珠三角再到粤港澳大湾区：改革开放以来中国的国家尺度重组 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
尺度重组是解释当前国家、城市等地域组织参与全球化竞争的工具媒介。文章以中国华南地区改革开放以来广东、香港、澳门三地跨界合作为例,借鉴行动者网络理论的研究方法深入剖析珠三角、大珠三角及粤港澳大湾区3个“新国家空间”的尺度重组过程,揭示中国尺度重组的政治经济逻辑。研究发现,行动者拥有的资源决定了其在尺度网络中的地位,而中国的“新国家空间”形成主要依托中央政府推动,其发展目标的设定具有决定性作用,港澳特区政府、广东省地方政府、乡镇企业和外资企业等其他行动者在协同合作中将自身的发展目标与之融合形成了“强制通过点”。纵观三阶段的演变过程,制度因素的重要性越来越得到凸显。 相似文献
8.
跨界治理的理论重构——以长江三角洲地区为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
全球已进入一个超流动与不稳态并行的时代,国家和社会治理面临许多新挑战。伴随着快速城镇化,要素自由流动并频繁“跨界”,而治理需要将不稳定转化为稳定,跨界治理的重要性凸显。全球、区域、地方等尺度交织,使跨界治理的新问题不断涌现。跨界治理主要指通过跨区域、跨部门、跨层级、跨领域使多主体共同参与和联合治理公共事务的过程。通过梳理跨界治理的相关理论,重新界定了“界”,重构了跨界治理的理论逻辑,提出了跨界治理主要涉及3个尺度的3对范畴：在地方层面,去同质化与同质化;在区域层面,去边界化与边界化;在全球层面,去中心化与中心化。运用该框架,以长三角为例,实证分析了区域尺度跨界治理的逻辑。 相似文献
9.
George C. S. Lin 《The Professional geographer》2001,53(1):56-70
Much of the development literature and the theory of urban transition have been based on an arbitrary division of production space into city and countryside. Despite growing recognition of the need for an integrated approach to urban‐rural relations, controversial issues related to the definition and measurement of the phenomenon remain unresolved. This case study of spatial transformation in China's Pearl River Delta analyzes with greater precision the geographic extent and functional attributes of a zone of urban‐rural interaction located outside and between major metropolitan centers. This zone has been the spatial focus of industrial and commercial development, although most of its population remains officially classified as “agricultural.” The peri‐urban zone was initially left behind by the central cities in terms of its contribution to the regional economy. After a decade of postreform development, this zone has moved ahead of the central cities and become the region's main destination for in‐migrants and foreign investment. The growth of the zone of urban‐rural interaction outside the central cities has absorbed a significant amount of the increased urban population, but it has not brought about a reduction of regional economic inequality because of the persistence of a backward economy in the periphery. Theoretical questions are raised concerning the validity of several fundamental assumptions underlying the conventional model of urban transition. 相似文献
10.
While the geopolitical legacies of the World War I peace negotiations are widely recognized, this article examines the often overlooked connection between the WWI Paris Peace Conference's spatial and geopolitical logics and contemporary refugee‐border dynamics. We argue that the spatial and geopolitical logics that framed the WWI Paris Peace Conference—the creation of new states, the propagation of the Western ideal of bounded sovereign states, the nationalist goals of self‐determination and homogeneous ethnic nations, and the establishment of a system of international governance—continue to impact refugee‐border dynamics and “crises” today. The categories, ideals, and practices of the international refugee regime that emerged over the last one‐hundred years stem in great part from these logics. In this paper, we urge critical contemplation about how these foundations—including the establishment of the post of High Commissioner for Refugees in 1921, the resultant Nansen Passports, the post‐WWI minority treaties, and lastly the 1933 Convention Relating to the International Status of Refugees—connect to contemporary human (im)mobility and border violence. We also introduce the articles in this special issue and highlight key themes and future directions for research in critical migration studies. 相似文献
11.
粤港澳大湾区协同发展水平的测度及评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在充分理解粤港澳大湾区城市群协同发展科学内涵的基础上,从产业协同创新、环境协同治理、服务协同共享和制度协同安排4个维度构建协同发展评价指标体系,综合运用“流”空间、大数据、网络分析和联锁网络模型等理论与方法,对城市之间的相互关系、流动性、连通性和边界效应进行量化分析。结果表明：1）城市之间的资本流动集中在广深之间,城市之间的知识流动集中在香港、广州和深圳之间;澳门、珠海、中山和江门等城市之间的环境协同治理水平更高,深莞惠和广佛等城市之间的环境协同治理水平稍差;广佛、广深、深莞等城市之间交通、通信、物流和银行等基础设施的服务协同共享水平更高;香港和澳门在跨境区域协同方面具有制度优势。2）粤港澳大湾区协同发展水平表现最优的是广州与深圳、广州与佛山、深圳与东莞、香港与深圳;同时,广州与东莞、深圳与佛山呈现联动趋势。虽然去边界化趋势明显,城市间流动性增强,但是粤港澳大湾区协同发展水平总体不高。3）广州和深圳两座中心城市的协同能力最强,香港和澳门两座国际化城市的协同能力仍有很大提升空间。 相似文献
12.
Henry Wai-chung Yeung 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1997,17(1):66-82
Conventional studies of “Third World multinationals” tend to focus on their recent origins. This paper argues that the transnational operations of Hong Kong firms have had a long tradition originating in its Overseas Chinese networks and in the colonial experience of many Southeast Asian countries. Based on secondary and primary data, this paper takes a historical view to describe how the ASEAN operations of Hong Kong transnational corporations (HKTNCs) and their foreign direct investment (HKFDI) have evolved over more than a century to become one of the most important economic players in the ASEAN region. Four phases of their historical development are benchmarked in this paper. Before World War II, HKTNCs in the commercial and banking sectors had a notable presence in the region. It was, however, in the post-war period that HKTNCs and their FDI flows flourished. During the period 1945–69, industrialisation took off in Hong Kong and this led to the expansion of manufacturing HKTNCs into the ASEAN region. The real zenith of outward investment from Hong Kong was the 1970s and 1980s so that in the 1990s Hong Kong has become one of the largest investors in Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand. 相似文献
13.
《Urban geography》2012,33(10):1568-1595
ABSTRACTThis article examines traders’ resistance practices in Kumasi, Ghana and their significance for changing urban governance in Africa. Conceptually, we introduce “activism” as a new variable into the present concept of urban governance as decentralization, entrepreneurialism and democratization (DED). From an empirical study in Kumasi, Ghana, findings reveal that activism by non-state actors does not only occur at the crucial earlier phases of the urban regeneration process, but extends into the subsequent phases, because urban governance is a continuous process. We demonstrate that activism and a multiplicity of resistance practices are embedded and significant dimensions of everyday urban governance in Africa. This paper argues that the additional dimension – activism – is necessary in rethinking urban governance in Ghana and Africa. This conceptualization views non-state actors not as resisters of urban governance but as activists whose resistance practices and innovations produce tangible and far-reaching changes in city governance. We learn that non-state actors do not rely on the state to control all aspects of urban governance but invent new practices to secure their socio-economic interests and provide them with leverage where they have to negotiate with or stand up to authorities. The study shows that successful change in urban governance is a function of the complementary and strategic adoption of contention, subversion and co-production. When the state perceives that the intervention of other key stakeholders legitimizes the grievances of non-state actors, it responds positively. 相似文献
14.
Alan D. MacPherson James E. McConnell Anneliese Vance Vida Vanchan 《The Professional geographer》2006,58(3):266-277
This article examines the extant and potential impact of U.S. antiterrorism policies on Canada‐U.S. cross‐border commerce. Particular attention is focused on the cross‐border trade that takes place between southern Ontario (Canada) and western New York (United States). Evidence from a survey of Canadian and U.S. exporters suggests that U.S. antiterrorism measures have inflated the business costs of exporters on both sides of the border. These measures have also created shipment delays that ultimately imply lost revenues for producers, as well as higher prices for consumers. Security‐related initiatives motivated by a genuine concern for the well‐being of U.S. citizens may nevertheless act as nontariff barriers to bilateral trade. We argue that a potential long‐run consequence of these additional costs is trade diversion. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the implications of the empirical findings for the geography of Canada‐U.S. bilateral trade. 相似文献
15.
深港边界是全球跨境活动最频繁的地区之一。以通过深圳湾口岸前往蛇口消费的香港居民为研究对象,采用定性、定量和空间计量相结合的方法分析香港居民来往深圳的消费模式和行为影响因素,发现在蛇口的跨境港人多来自“新界西”的屯门、元朗、荃湾三地,呈现以公交出行为主、出行频率高、消费低、时间短、老龄化、女性多的特点,其跨境行为主要受到个人年龄及收入、出行距离、区位等因素影响;港人在深港边界的跨境活动开始出现与收入、年龄相关的空间分异现象,呼吁展开针对不同过境群体的进一步研究,厘清其行为特点和影响因素,这将有助于建构粤港“优质生活圈”、促进粤港两地间更便利的跨境活动和更深层次的协作。 相似文献
16.
城市网络演化是城市-区域规划及建设的重要依据。通过链锁网络模型及社会网络分析法，利用上市企业总部-分支机构数据，分析粤港澳大湾区城市网络的演化特征。结果显示：粤港澳大湾区上市企业总部呈高度集聚分布，总部经济的辐射范围逐步扩大。港深广之间高强度联系构筑一条联通廊道，香港、深圳的双核心地位凸显。城市网络单向流动特征明显，除香港为输出型城市，其他城市均为输入型，流入-流出不对称性逐渐减弱。粤港澳大湾区城际联系由地理邻近的片区化组团向跨片区融合发展转变。整体城市网络呈现高密度、去中心化趋势，并由形式多中心向功能多中心转变，进入离心化的功能多中心发展阶段。 相似文献
17.
Governing urban vacancy in post-crash dublin: contested property and alternative social projects 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The scale and severity of property crashes following the global financial crisis has made vacancy a more visible and politically significant feature of cities. Although research has focused on urban experiments in vacant spaces, there has been less emphasis on how the contested property relations around vacancy remake urban governance. In this paper, we argue that debates about vacancy have been a central concern in post-crisis urban governance. In the first part of the paper we draw two conceptual approaches into a dialogue and apply them to an analysis of vacant space: that of Nicholas Blomley on property and Elizabeth Povinelli on “alternative social projects”. In the second part of the paper, we critically analyse how three groups discursively construct the need to “activate” and “re-use” vacant spaces in Dublin: grassroots groups, urban policy-makers, and financial actors. We argue that governing vacancy will be a key feature of post-crisis urbanisation. 相似文献
18.
基于系统论构建改进的PSR模型,通过探究压力、状态、响应系统要素作用机理构建南京市城市土地利用警情判别指标,并运用数理量化模型开展警情综合评价。结果表明:(1)2009—2016年南京市城市土地利用压力系统和状态系统警情为“倒U”型且呈上升态势,响应系统警情为“倒U”型且呈下降态势。(2)2009—2016年南京市城市土地利用警情总体上为“倒U”型且呈波动上升态势。(3)压力系统是造成南京市城市土地利用综合警情难以显著转变的关键,同时受经济发展与土地集约利用协调度、土地生态治理力度、用地结构与人口分布均衡度等要素影响。 相似文献
19.
通过对粤港澳大湾区环境合作相关新闻报道的统计分析和对粤港澳三地环境规制政策文本的对比分析,梳理大湾区环境协同治理历程,研究其特点、问题与限制因素,寻求进一步协同治理的可能。研究发现,大湾区环境合作逐步深化,但以小范围的合作为主,区域性合作较少;以会议会谈和相关文件签署为主,实质性行动合作较少;且多关注水体和大气的保护和治理。粤港澳三地环境治理各成体系,治理模式和负责执行主体、规制对象、执法途径和力度、监管内容和标准、信息获取范围均有不同,是限制协同治理与环境合作的主要因素。为此,未来大湾区环境协同治理可以从多尺度推动环境治理的协同联动、多种形式提高合作的可操作性、多领域拓展环境协作内容等方面予以推进。 相似文献
20.
Deborah G. Martin 《The Professional geographer》2004,56(3):394-405
Collaborative urban governance has increased the role of community organizations in local decision‐making processes. These organizations need financial resources in order to participate in urban governance. In this article, I examine the impact of foundation grants on the relationships and agendas of four community organizations in one neighborhood in St. Paul, Minnesota. Drawing on interviews, observations of organizations, and archival research, I demonstrate that in the 1990s, nonprofit foundations had a significant impact on the formation of new organizations and on their agendas in the neighborhood. Foundations are, therefore, an important player in urban governance, shaping a “neighborhood policy regime.” 相似文献