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1.
植被冠层含水量CWC (Canopy Water Content)和植被地上部分含水量VWC (Vegetation Water Content)对于植被健康状况和土壤干旱监测具有重要意义。本文联合PROSAIL辐射传输模型和植被水分指数NDWI(Normalized Difference Water Index),发展了一种简单、通用性较好的低矮植被CWC和VWC反演方法,可实现中、高空间分辨率下的CWC和VWC估算。首先对PROSAIL模型输入参数进行敏感性分析,明确各参数对模型输出反射率的影响机制,以优化PROSAIL模型输入参数设置并生成低矮植被的反射率模拟数据。基于模拟数据,计算了4个植被水分指数NDWI_((860,1240))、NDWI_((860,1640))、NDWI_((1240,1640))和NDWI_((860,970))用于反演低矮植被CWC和VWC。基于模拟数据的结果表明,4个植被水分指数与ln (CWC)都存在明显的线性关系,基于该关系建立了CWC估算模型。该模型可以直接用于低矮植被CWC估算,并通过VWC与CWC之间的经验关系间接计算得到VWC。模型模拟结果也表明,由于NDWI_((860,1640))和NDWI_((1240,1640))高度相关(R~2=0.99),两者可以提供相似且相对较好的低矮植被CWC估算精度。基于地面实测数据的验证结果与基于模拟数据的结果表现出很好的一致性,即基于NDWI_((860,1640))和NDWI_((1240,1640))估算的VWC都有相似且较高的精度,决定系数(R~2)都为0.88,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.4558 kg/m~2和0.4380 kg/m~2。利用Landsat 5 TM数据对NDWI_((860,1640))估算效果的验证结果显示,模型估算CWC与地面实测CWC的R~2为0.84,RMSE为0.1342 kg/m~2,估算VWC的RMSE为0.5651 kg/m~2。本文提出的基于NDWI_((860,1640))和NDWI_((1240,1640))的CWC/VWC估算模型可被用于低矮植被的长势监测和干旱监测,为低矮植被覆盖地表的土壤水分反演提供高质量的植被水分信息。 相似文献
2.
森林生态系统在调节生态气候与碳循环方面发挥着重要作用,森林高度是衡量森林生态系统功能的重要参数。利用单一遥感数据获取森林冠层高度会受到多种制约。因此,本文使用星载激光雷达ICESat-2提供的高质量离散森林冠层高度点,结合Sentinel-1、Landsat 8及地形数据,采用随机森林方法建立不同影像特征组合森林冠层高度的回归模型,并分析各特征对森林高度反演的影响,最后将模型应用于广西森林冠层高度制图。试验结果表明,多源遥感数据可有效提高森林冠层高度反演精度,在所利用遥感数据中,特征重要性从大到小依次为光学特征、地形特征、SAR特征,“L8+SRTM+Sentinel-1+邻域均值”特征组合的反演精度最高,加入邻域均值特征进行森林冠层高度反演效果最佳,随机森林模型能精确绘制森林冠层高度。 相似文献
3.
冠层反射光谱对植被理化参数的全局敏感性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植被理化参数与许多有关植物物质能量交换的生态过程密切相关,定量分析植被反射光谱对理化参数的敏感性是遥感反演理化参数含量的前提。本文采用EFAST(Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test)全局敏感性分析方法,利用PROSAIL辐射传输模型分析了冠层疏密程度对叶片生化组分含量、冠层结构以及土壤背景等多种参数敏感性的影响,并对植被理化参数反演所需先验知识的精度问题进行了初步探讨。研究表明:(1)对于较为稠密的冠层,可见光波段的冠层反射率主要受叶绿素含量的影响,近红外和中红外波段的冠层反射率主要受干物质量和含水量的影响;(2)对于稀疏的冠层,LAI是影响400—2500 nm波段范围内冠层反射率的最重要参数,土壤湿度次之,叶片生化参数对冠层反射率的敏感性较低;(3)在已知稀疏冠层LAI的情况下进一步确定土壤的干湿状态,可显著提高冠层反射率对叶绿素含量的敏感度,有助于稀疏冠层叶绿素含量的反演。 相似文献
4.
山地叶面积指数反演理论、方法与研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
叶面积指数LAI（Leaf Area Index）是表征叶片疏密程度和冠层结构特征的重要植被参数，在气候变化、作物生长模型以及碳、水循环研究中发挥着重要作用。遥感是获取区域及全球尺度LAI的一个重要手段，当前LAI产品主要基于遥感数据反演得到，但是多数LAI产品算法并未考虑地形特征的影响，导致山地LAI遥感反演精度不确定性大。提高山地LAI遥感反演精度亟需考虑地形因子对冠层反射率的影响，其中山地冠层反射率模型和遥感数据地形校正是提升山地LAI遥感反演精度的关键。本文围绕山地LAI遥感反演理论与方法，综合分析了国内外山地冠层反射率模型和地形校正模型的研究进展，总结了目前山地LAI遥感反演存在的问题，并讨论了未来研究的发展趋势。 相似文献
5.
为监测路域植被生态环境,利用遥感影像和辐射传输模型物理基础实现了对植被冠层等效水厚度（EWT）的估测。提出了利用PRO4SAIL与支持向量机回归的组合模型对等效水厚度进行反演的方法。选取Landsat7 ETM+影像,结合实测数据探索验证了PRO4SAIL与支持向量机回归的组合模型的植被参数反演的实用性和准确性。研究表明,该组合模型具有较好的预测能力,反演得到的等效水厚度含量精度较高,为支持向量机模型应用于遥感影像反演植被参数提高了有力支撑。 相似文献
6.
叶面积指数LAI (Leaf Area Index)是表征植被几何结构及生长状态的重要生物物理参数,也是陆表过程模型的重要输入参数,如何获取高精度LAI一直备受关注。近年来,随着遥感数据的不断丰富,LAI遥感估算算法得到了快速发展,全球尺度的LAI产品已被广泛应用于气候与生态环境变化研究。然而,当前主流的LAI遥感产品生成算法基本上基于平坦地表假设而忽略了地形的影响,因此在地形复杂的地区精度较差。这是因为在山地中崎岖的地表不仅会导致严重的辐射失真现象,还会因邻近的地形对地物目标造成遮挡,因此森林多样的冠层结构和山地复杂地形的相互影响给LAI遥感反演带来了较大的不确定性。山地作为一种特殊的地貌,约占全球陆地表面的1/4,在中国占了近2/3,在这些复杂区域中估算LAI考虑地形因素十分必要。在本文中,我们首先系统地总结了现有LAI反演算法和全球遥感产品的分辨率、精度等信息,并讨论了将这些算法和产品应用于崎岖地形LAI反演的主要挑战。然后,针对山地植被场景中存在的地形效应、尺度效应,总结出山地植被冠层LAI反演的策略主要包括地形校正方法和山地辐射传输模型,并讨论了不同策略的优缺点。接着,文章讨论了野外观测的LAI数据在崎岖地形上存在的地形效应和尺度效应,以及这些效应对反演结果验证的影响程度。最后,综合总结和展望表明,遥感观测、山地辐射传输建模、机器学习技术等方面的协调使用将来可以为崎岖地表的LAI精准估算和可靠验证提供了一条有希望的途径。 相似文献
7.
结合机载LiDAR数据,提出了一种改进的GLAS光斑点冠层高度地形校正模型,以校正后的GLAS光斑点作为输入样本,结合MODIS遥感影像,利用支持向量回归（SVR）的方法对研究区森林冠层高度进行分生态区估测,并利用野外调查数据和机载LiDAR冠层高度结果对估测结果进行验证。结果显示:研究区的坡度等级直接影响GLAS光斑点森林冠层高度估测精度,改进的地形校正模型可以较好的减小坡度对GLAS光斑点森林冠层高度估测的影响,模型精度RMSE稳定在3.25~3.48 m;不同生态分区的SVR模型估测精度较为稳定,其RMSE=6.41~7.56 m;与算数平均高相比,样地的Lorey's高与制图结果拟合最好,不同生态分区平均估测精度为80.3%。机载LiDAR冠层高度结果的验证平均精度为79.5%,和Lorey's高验证结果呈现较好的一致性。 相似文献
8.
植被冠层辐射散射信号中蕴含了丰富的植被信息,通过构建植被冠层辐射散射模型,可以实现植被结构等生物物理参数的遥感定量反演。迄今为止,可见光/近红外、热红外、微波波段均已发展了大量的模型,这些模型在参数反演方面各具优势,但不同波段的模型又有其自身的局限性。跨波段的联合模拟可以实现模型间的优势互补,进而提高地表参数的反演精度,近年来已有学者专注于可见光/近红外与热红外模型,热红外与微波模型,主被动微波模型,以及可见光/近红外与微波模型的联合模拟和协同反演,但多是两两联合,且主要是基于经验模型或解析模型。基于3维场景的植被冠层辐射散射特性模拟模型可以细致刻画不同组分的结构和空间分布特征,对于由植被结构引起的多次散射和组分比例变化的考虑具有优势。本文主要介绍了3维模拟模型在可见光/近红外、热红外和微波波段,以及跨波段联合模拟方面的研究进展,从模型机理、场景统一、以及组分理化参数的统一的角度,探讨了构建多波段3维模拟系统的可行性,展望了多波段3维模拟模型的发展趋势。 相似文献
9.
植被光合有效辐射吸收比例FPAR (Fraction of absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation)是碳循环光能利用率模型中的关键参数之一。高分系列卫星的发射，为反演定量遥感产品提供了高时空分辨率的卫星遥感数据，基于高分数据的植被光合有效辐射吸收比例产品能够为生态系统碳循环的分析评估提供更加精细、精度更高的输入参数产品。本文发展了一种基于深度学习的光合有效辐射吸收比例反演方法。该方法利用SAIL(Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Leaves)模型模拟多种太阳入射角度、观测角度、大气条件下的植被冠层光合有效辐射吸收比例及冠层反射率，形成海量输入—输出模拟数据集，具有鲁棒性及更好的普适性；基于深度信念网络对数据集进行训练，得到高分一号（GF-1）卫星光合有效辐射吸收比例遥感反演模型。利用中国科学院怀来遥感综合试验站及黑河流域地表过程综合观测网FPAR地面站点连续观测数据对玉米作物、芦苇草地等下垫面反演的FPAR进行了对比验证，RMSE分别为0.15和0.17。本方法以辐射传输模型模拟的多维大气及地表输入... 相似文献
10.
为削弱混合像元对植被参数反演的影响，提出了基于混合像元分解理论反演路域植被等量水厚度的方法。利用PRO4SAIL模型正演获得的高光谱窄波段数据，模拟Landsat 8遥感影像宽波段植被冠层光谱数据，并进行等量水厚度的敏感植被指数的筛选；对覆盖研究区域的Landsat 8遥感影像进行线性混合像元分解，获取更加精确的植被冠层光谱反射率；同时，利用支持向量机构建等量水厚度估测模型，实现对路域植被等量水厚度的遥感反演。研究结果表明，利用混合像元分解后得到的植被冠层光谱参与模型反演得到的路域植被等量水厚度更加符合实际情况，为遥感影像反演植被参数提供了有效数据。 相似文献
11.
Retrieval of Fresh Leaf Fuel Moisture Content Using Genetic Algorithm Partial Least Squares (GA-PLS) Modeling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fuel moisture content (FMC) is an important parameter in forest fire modeling. We investigated the performance of genetic algorithms with partial least squares (GA-PLS) modeling to retrieve live FMC and its components, equivalent water thickness (EWT) and dry matter content (DM), from fresh leaf reflectance in the leaf optical properties experiment dataset. The results show that GA-PLS achieved a good estimation of FMC directly (R2=0.878-0.893) or indirectly (R 2=0.815-0.862) through the joint retrieval of EWT and DM; future work is required to assess the effectiveness of GA-PLS when applied to datasets that consist of low FMC values 相似文献
12.
A simulation study has been carried out to investigate the Principal Component Inversion (PCI) technique for the retrieval of leaf area index (LAI). The PROSAIL model has been used for the forward analysis, i.e., estimation of reflectance for various combinations of LAI, soil reflectance, leaf angle distribution (ø1), chlorophyll a+b concentration (Cab), etc. Independent test on sample with LAI range 0.1-7.0 indicated that the retrieved LAI from PCI has higher accuracy (RMSE=0.137) than the classical NDVI-LAI empirical approach (RMSE=1.139). The study needs to be extended to cover retrieval from different types of soil and simultaneous retrieval of different biophysical parameters viz., LAI, Cab, ø1 to test the wider applicability of the PCI technique. 相似文献
13.
J.G.P.W. Clevers L. Kooistra M.E. Schaepman 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2010
Hyperspectral remote sensing has demonstrated great potential for accurate retrieval of canopy water content (CWC). This CWC is defined by the product of the leaf equivalent water thickness (EWT) and the leaf area index (LAI). In this paper, in particular the spectral information provided by the canopy water absorption feature at 970 nm for estimating and predicting CWC was studied using a modelling approach and in situ spectroradiometric measurements. The relationship of the first derivative at the right slope of the 970 nm water absorption feature with CWC was investigated with the PROSAIL radiative transfer model and tested for field spectroradiometer measurements on two test sites. The first site was a heterogeneous floodplain with natural vegetation like grasses and various shrubs. The second site was an extensively grazed fen meadow. 相似文献
14.
The accurate estimation of leaf water content (LWC) and knowledge about its spatial variation are important for forest and agricultural management since LWC provides key information for evaluating plant physiology. Hyperspectral data have been widely used to estimate LWC. However, the canopy reflectance can be affected by canopy structure, thereby introducing error to the retrieval of LWC from hyperspectral data alone. Radiative transfer models (RTM) provide a robust approach to combine LiDAR and hyperspectral data in order to address the confounding effects caused by the variation of canopy structure. In this study, the INFORM model was adjusted to retrieve LWC from airborne hyperspectral and LiDAR data. Two structural parameters (i.e. stem density and crown diameter) in the input of the INFORM model that affect canopy reflectance most were replaced by canopy cover which could be directly obtained from LiDAR data. The LiDAR-derived canopy cover was used to constrain in the inversion procedure to alleviate the ill-posed problem. The models were validated against field measurements obtained from 26 forest plots and then used to map LWC in the southern part of the Bavarian Forest National Park in Germany. The results show that with the introduction of prior information of canopy cover obtained from LiDAR data, LWC could be retrieved with a good accuracy (R2 = 0.87, RMSE = 0.0022 g/cm2, nRMSE = 0.13). The adjustment of the INFORM model facilitated the introduction of prior information over a large extent, as the estimation of canopy cover can be achieved from airborne LiDAR data. 相似文献
15.
Forests play a vital role in biological cycles and environmental regulation. To understand the key processes of forest canopies (e.g., photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration), reliable and accurate information on spatial variability of Leaf Area Index (LAI), and its seasonal dynamics is essential. In the present study, we assessed the performance of biophysical parameter (LAI) retrieval methods viz. Look-Up Table (LUT)-inversion, MLRA-GPR (Machine Learning Regression Algorithm- Gaussian Processes Regression) and empirical models, for estimating the LAI of tropical deciduous plantation using ARTMO (Automated Radiative Transfer Models Operator) tool and Sentinel-2 satellite images. The study was conducted in Central Tarai Forest Division, Haldwani, located in the Uttarakhand state, India. A total of 49 ESUs (Elementary Sampling Unit) of 30 m × 30 m size were established based on variability in composition and age of plantation stands. In-situ LAI was recorded using plant canopy imager during the leaf growing, peak and senescence seasons. The PROSAIL model was calibrated with site-specific biophysical and biochemical parameters before used to the predicted LAI. The plantation LAI was also predicted by an empirical approach using optimally chosen Sentinel-2 vegetation indices. In addition, Sentinel-2 and MODIS LAI products were evaluated with respect to LAI measurements. MLRA-GPR offered best results for predicting LAI of leaf growing (R2 = 0.9, RMSE = 0.14), peak (R2 = 0.87, RMSE = 0.21) and senescence (R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 0.31) seasons while LUT inverted model outperformed VI’s based parametric regression model. Vegetation indices (VIs) derived from 740 nm, 783 nm and 2190 nm band combinations of Sentinel-2 offered the best prediction of LAI. 相似文献
16.
光学与微波植被指数协同反演农作物叶面积指数的可行性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
光学遥感是目前反演植被叶面积指数LAI（Leaf Area Index）的主要手段,但是当叶面积指数较大时存在光学遥感信息饱和、反演精度显著降低的问题。叶面积指数和平均叶倾角对光学、微波波段范围内反射和散射特性都有重要影响,主要表现在植被结构参数的变化可以引起冠层孔隙率和消光截面大小的改变。本文以典型农作物玉米为例,通过构建统一的PROSAIL和MIMICS模型输入参数,生成一套玉米全生长期光学二向反射率和全极化微波后向散射系数模拟库和冠层参数库。通过对模拟数据与LAI敏感性和相关性分析得出：（1）光学植被指数MNDVI(800 nm,2000 nm),在LAI为0—3时敏感,基于MNDVI与LAI的回归模型可以估算LAI变化 0.4的情况,RMSE是0.33,R2是0.958。（2）微波植被指数SARSRVI(1.4 GHz HH,9.6 GHz HV),在LAI为3—6时敏感,基于SARSRVI与LAI的回归模型可以估算LAI变化1的情况,RMSE为0.22,R2是0.9839。研究表明,采用分段敏感的植被指数,协同光学和微波遥感反演玉米全生长期叶面积指数是可行的。 相似文献
17.
D. Barman V. K. Sehgal R. N. Sahoo S. Nagarajan 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2010,38(1):35-44
The algorithms for deriving vegetation biophysical parameters rely on the understanding of bi-directional interaction of radiation
and its subsequent linkages with canopy radiative transfer models and their inversion. In this study, an attempt has been
made to define the geometry of sensor and source position to best relate plant biophysical parameters with bidirectional reflectance
of wheat varieties varying in canopy architecture and to validate the performance of PROSAIL (PROSPECT+SAIL) canopy radiative
transfer model. A field experiment was conducted with two wheat cultivars varying in canopy geometry and phenology. The bidirectional
measurements between 400nm–1100nm at 5nm interval were recorded every week at six view azimuth and four view zenith positions
using spectro-radiometer. Canopy biophysical parameters were recorded synchronous to bi-directional reflectance measurements.
The broadband reflectances were used to compute the NDVIs which were subsequently related to leaf area index and biomass.
Results showed that the bidirectional reflectance increased with increase in view zenith from 200 to 600 irrespective of the sensor azimuth. For a given view zenith, the reflectance was observed to be maximum at 1500 azimuth where the difference between the sun and sensor azimuth was least. For sun azimuth of 1600 and zenith of 520, the view geometry defined by 1500 azimuth and 500 zenith corresponded to hotspot position. The measured bidirectional NDVI had significant logarithmic relationship with LAI
and linear relationship with biomass for both the varieties of wheat and maximum correlation of NDVI with LAI and with biomass
was obtained at the hotspot position. The PROSAIL validation results showed that the model simulated well the overall shape
of spectra for all combination of view zenith and azimuth position for both wheat varieties with overall RMSE less than 5
per cent. The hotspot and dark spot positions were also well simulated and hence model performance may be suitable for deriving
wheat biophysical parameters using satellite derived reflectances. 相似文献
18.
Roshanak Darvishzadeh Clement Atzberger Andrew Skidmore Martin Schlerf 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2011,66(6):894-906
Statistical and physical models have seldom been compared in studying grasslands. In this paper, both modeling approaches are investigated for mapping leaf area index (LAI) in a Mediterranean grassland (Majella National Park, Italy) using HyMap airborne hyperspectral images. We compared inversion of the PROSAIL radiative transfer model with narrow band vegetation indices (NDVI-like and SAVI2-like) and partial least squares regression (PLS). To assess the performance of the investigated models, the normalized RMSE (nRMSE) and R2 between in situ measurements of leaf area index and estimated parameter values are reported. The results of the study demonstrate that LAI can be estimated through PROSAIL inversion with accuracies comparable to those of statistical approaches (R2 = 0.89, nRMSE = 0.22). The accuracy of the radiative transfer model inversion was further increased by using only a spectral subset of the data (R2 = 0.91, nRMSE = 0.18). For the feature selection wavebands not well simulated by PROSAIL were sequentially discarded until all bands fulfilled the imposed accuracy requirements. 相似文献
19.
利用机载激光雷达点云数据,计算了9种度量指标,并将其分为冠层的高度指标、结构复杂度指标和覆盖度指标。利用高度指标和结构复杂度指标,结合大量实测单木结构与年龄估测数据,从样点和区域尺度分别分析了青海云杉林冠层垂直结构分布,分析得知实验区内主要以中龄林和成熟林为主,冠层垂直分布复杂程度偏低,高度分化程度一般。通过回归分析发现首次回波覆盖度指标FCI与实测的有效植被面积指数PAIe有良好的相关性（R2=0.66）,在此基础上基于辐射传输模型反演了实验区内PAIe的水平分布,且用实测数据验证发现反演的PAIe略高于实测值（R2=0.67）,绝对平均误差为0.65。分析结果很好地反映了激光雷达在森林空间结构信息提取方面的应用潜力。 相似文献
20.
大光斑激光雷达数据已广泛应用于森林冠层高度提取,但通常仅限于地形坡度小于20°的平缓地区。在地形坡度大于20°的陡峭山区,地形引起的波形展宽使得地面回波和植被回波信息混合在一起,给森林冠层高度提取带来巨大挑战。本文利用激光雷达回波模型和地形信息,提出了一种模型辅助的坡地森林冠层高度反演算法。该方法以激光雷达回波信号截止点为参考,定义了波形高度指数H50和H75,使用激光雷达回波模型与已知地形信息模拟裸地的激光雷达回波,将裸地回波信号截止点与森林激光雷达回波信号截止点对齐,利用裸地回波计算常用的波形相对高度指数RH50和RH75,对森林冠层高度进行反演。并与高斯波形分解法和波形参数法的反演结果进行了比较。研究结果表明:(1)利用所提取的波形指数RH50和RH75对胸高断面积加权平均高(Lorey’s height)进行了估算,在坡度小于20°时,高斯波形分解法、波形参数法和模型辅助法的估算结果与实测值线性拟合的相关系数(R2)分别为0.70,0.78和0.98,对应的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为2.90 m,2.48 m和0.60 m,模型辅助法略优于其他两种方法;(2)在坡度大于20°时,高斯波形分解法、波形参数法和模型辅助法的R2分别为0.14,0.28和0.97,相应的RMSE分别为4.93 m,4.53 m和0.81 m,模型辅助法明显优于其他两种方法;(3)在0°—40°时,模型辅助法对Lorey’s height估算结果与实测值的R2为0.97,RMSE为0.80 m。本研究提出的模型辅助法具有更好的地形适应性,在0°—40°的坡度范围内具备对坡地森林冠层高度反演的潜力。 相似文献