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1.
Cracking and coalescence behavior in a rectangular rock-like specimen containing two parallel (stepped and coplanar) pre-existing open flaws under uniaxial compression load has been numerically studied by a parallel bonded-particle model, which is a type of bonded-particle model. Crack initiation and propagation from two flaws replicate most of the phenomena observed in prior physical experiments, such as the type (tensile/shear) and the initiation stress of the first crack, as well as the coalescence pattern. Eight crack coalescence categories representing different crack types and trajectories are identified. New coalescence categories namely “New 1” and “New 2”, which are first observed in the present simulation, are incorporated into categories 3 and 4, and category 5 previously proposed by the MIT Rock Mechanics Research Group, respectively. The flaw inclination angle (β), the ligament length (L) (spacing between two flaws) and the bridging angle (α) (inclination of a line linking up the inner flaw tips, between two flaws) have different effects on the coalescence patterns, coalescence stresses (before, at or post the peak stress) as well as peak strength of specimens. Some insights on the coalescence processes, such as the initiation of cracks in the intact part of specimens at a distance away from the flaw tips, and coalescence due to the development and linkage of a number of steeply inclined to vertical macro-tensile cracks are revealed by the present numerical study. 相似文献
2.
Effects of Microparameters on Macroparameters of Flat-Jointed Bonded-Particle Materials and Suggestions on Trial-and-Error Method 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Peng-yu Chen 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(2):663-677
The aims of this paper are to analyze the effects of microparameters on macroparameters of flat-jointed bonded-particle materials of particle flow code in two dimensions (PFC2D) and improve the efficiency of trial-and-error method in calibration of microparameters. The trial-and-error method is always used to calibrate the microparameters for a PFC2D model, but it is time-consuming and empirical. To improve the efficiency of the trial-and-error method, the effects of microparameters on macroparameters need to be analyzed. By using the trial-and-error method, a desirable set of microparameters for a uniaxial compression PFC2D model (with a flat-joint contact model as the contact model) of limestone were calibrated to match the macroscopic properties obtained from laboratory tests. Based on the calibration set of microparameters, effects of microparameters on macroparameters of the PFC2D model were studied by the orthogonal design method. On this basis, a flowchart of calibrating microparameters via trial-and-error method was proposed. This flowchart was used to calibrate the microparameters of granite. The macroparameters and failure characteristics determined from numerical simulation were very similar to those of laboratory tests, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed flowchart. 相似文献
3.
Validation of discrete element method by simulating a 2D assembly of randomly packed elliptical rods
This paper aims at establishing the predictive capability of the discrete element method (DEM) by validating the simulated responses of granular systems against experimental observations at both the macroscale and the microscale. A previously published biaxial shearing test on a 2D assembly of randomly packed elliptical rods was chosen as the benchmark test. In carrying out the corresponding DEM simulations herein, the contact model was derived and then validated using finite element analysis; the associated parameters were calibrated experimentally. The flexible (membrane) boundary was modeled by a bonded-particle string with experimentally calibrated parameters. An iteration procedure was implemented to replicate the initial packing and also to satisfy the boundary conditions in the experiment. Overall, the DEM simulation is found effective in reproducing the stress–strain–volumetric response, the statistical observation on the fabric anisotropy and the strain localization. Furthermore, the closer the numerical packing is to the experimental one, the closer the response is reproduced, demonstrating the significance of the initial packing reconstruction. Still, there are some minor differences between the experiment and simulation, reflecting the limitations associated with the particle number and the measurement resolution used in the experiment when reproducing the initial packing. 相似文献
4.
粗粒料是一定级配的岩石颗粒集合体,具有独特的物理力学特性。以粗粒料室内三轴固结排水试验成果为基础,基于离散元颗粒流理论,从细观角度出发,以PFC3D为工具,通过自编程及二次开发,得到按级配生成的粗粒料三轴试验数值模型。引入clump颗粒考虑颗粒形状对粗粒料强度及变形的影响,分析剪胀、颗粒形状、颗粒重排的关系。结果表明：颗粒形状是影响粗粒料强度与变形的主要因素,在其他细观参数一定的情况下,改变颗粒形状,可以显著影响粗粒料的力学行为;BPM模型的应力-应变关系只在低围压下与试验值吻合,随着围压的增大,偏差越来越大;而引入clump颗粒的PFC3D数值模型能很好地模拟粗粒料室内三轴固结排水试验的应力-应变特性,但由于BPM及clump都是刚性颗粒,没有考虑颗粒变形及破碎,造成应变剪胀偏大。 相似文献
5.
深部岩石在工程中具有高应力、大变形等典型特点,因此,高围压下考虑岩石残余强度的三轴试验对于分析深部岩石力学特性具有重要意义。离散单元法是分析岩石力学特性的重要数值方法,但是长期以来采用离散单元法定量模拟岩石的三轴试验一直存在诸多挑战,即数值模拟与室内试验得到的应力-应变全过程曲线难以定量匹配。采用改进的三维胶结抗弯-扭模型对深部砂岩考虑残余强度时的三轴试验进行了定量模拟,实现了数值模拟与室内试验应力-应变全过程曲线的定量匹配,获得了岩石较大的峰值/残余内摩擦角及非线性强度包线,克服了经典BPM模型存在的3个突出问题。通过参数分析,研究了峰值/残余内摩擦角及黏聚力与离散元微观参数之间的关系,同时这些大量的算例也证明了该模型具有较高的计算效率,可以满足模拟三维室内常规试验的要求。 相似文献
6.
Overcoming two inherent limitations presented by the standard bonded-particle model (BPM), the flat-jointed model still lacks extensive application. This study hereby conducts a comprehensive investigation on the application of the flat-jointed model in rock mechanics study. First, after a careful examination on the mechanical behavior of the flat-joint contact, a systematic calibration has been conducted to build numerical models matching the mechanical properties of Carrara marble. Second, the validated model is used to simulate the fracturing behavior of marble specimens containing a single or en-echelon flaws. Finally, the appearance of particle flow code (PFC) models has been compared with the results obtained from optical observation in order to establish a possible correlation between PFC models and real marble regarding microcracking behavior. Discussions suggest that to remove the particle size effect, the model resolution (ratio of sample dimension to the average particle diameter) should be larger than 30 in the flat-jointed model and 150 in the BPM, respectively. Results from the above investigations suggest that the flat-jointed model is capable of matching both the mechanical properties and fracturing behavior of Carrara marble. The numerical model is more reliable to predict the fracturing path at the instant of initiation than at failure. Development of initial fractures is not only controlled by the magnitude of tension force but also influenced by the extent of distribution of tension force. The appearance and components of a fracture in flat-jointed models probably reveal not only its property (tensile or shear) but also the corresponding microcracking behavior of real rocks. 相似文献
7.
在黏结颗粒模型中引入强度弱化因子生成弱化介质材料,进行弱化模型试件的单轴抗压强度试验。结果表明,弱化作用在降低试件单轴抗压强度的同时,还将导致试件弹性模量逐步下降。这一结果符合相关室内试验的研究成果。为进一步对岩石强度弱化模拟方法进行效果检验,利用颗粒流程序内置的FISH语言建立弱化岩石节理直剪试验模型,进行不同法向应力条件下弱化岩石节理的直剪试验。结果表明：弱化节理模型试件表现出类似于真实节理的一系列宏观剪切力学特征;不同壁面弱化程度条件下,节理模型试件的抗剪强度及剪切峰值膨胀角的试验结果与法向应力的依存关系均符合经典的JRC-JCS模型。由此表明,所采用的岩石强度弱化模拟方法可以较好地再现岩石介质的强度弱化效应。通过模型试件内微裂纹发展演化特征的研究表明,壁面弱化作用可导致试件内裂纹发育数目的快速增长、微裂纹分布范围的迅速扩大,以及剪切裂纹发育比例的迅速提高,由此从细观角度揭示了弱化节理面更易于产生宏观剪切破坏的原因。研究成果可以为弱化岩石节理的抗剪强度及大型岩质边坡的稳定性研究提供参考。 相似文献
8.
在调查研究典型喀斯特断陷盆地水文地质特征、地表水文过程、“五水”转换及水资源均衡,研发地下水高效开发利用、地表水调蓄、水污染风险评估与水质修复、农田节水灌溉及土壤保墒、水资源优化调控等系列技术的基础上,以可持续发展和系统科学理论为指导,构建了喀斯特断陷盆地水资源高效开发利用模式,包括理论与技术支撑体系和开发利用工程体系两个层次。前者的基本构成及内涵为:水资源高效开发利用工作流程、理论依据及技术支撑,是模式的理论与技术内涵;后者为沿着盆地地表、地下水的形成、运动和转换过程,从上游山区到下游河谷区,逐级分区部署的水资源开发利用工程体系,工程布局做到因地制宜、科学合理,大、中、小、微型并举,集中供水与分散供水兼顾,同时系统推进水质修复、水循环利用、节约用水等措施,实现水资源的高效和可持续开发利用。 相似文献
9.
含油气盆地构造应力场研究新进展 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
构造应力场是影响油气运移和富集的主要因素之一。一方面,构造应力形成了油气运移的通道与油气富集的圈闭构造;另一方面,不连续状态的瞬间构造应力和连续状态的长期构造应力为油气运移提供了驱动力。分析了构造应力场的研究现状,阐述了构造应力场的研究方法和内容,着重讨论了确定含油气盆地应力场的方法,并探讨了构造应力场与油气运移、富集的关系。 相似文献
10.
随着油气资源对外依赖度加大,中国的油气勘探已经拓展到深层和超深层领域,并相继在中西部盆地发现了塔河、普光、安岳、靖边、顺北等一批大型油气田,展示出广阔的勘探前景。中国已探明的深层和超深层碳酸盐岩油气藏特征与全球的有很大差异,经典的油气地质理论指导这类油气田勘探遇到了前所未有的重大挑战,需要完善和发展。通过调研和比较全球已探明的碳酸盐岩和砂岩油气藏地质特征,发现它们的油气来源条件、油气藏形成条件、成藏动力、演化过程特征等类同;同时,发现碳酸盐岩和砂岩油气藏的矿物组成、孔隙度和渗透率随埋深变化特征、孔渗结构特征、储层物性下限、油气藏类型等有着很大不同。中国深层和超深层碳酸盐岩油气藏与全球的相比较具有五方面差异:地层年代更老、埋藏深度更大、白云岩储层比率更大、天然气资源比率更高、储层孔渗关系更乱。中国已经发现的深层碳酸盐岩油气藏成因类型可以归为五种:沉积型高孔高渗油气藏、压实成岩型低孔低渗油气藏、结晶成岩型低孔低渗油气藏、流体改造型高孔低渗油气藏、应力改造型低孔高渗油气藏;它们形成的动力学机制分别与地层沉积和浮力主导的油气运移作用、地层压实和非浮力主导的油气运移作用、成岩结晶和非浮力主导的油气运移作用、流体改造介质和浮力主导的油气运移作用、应力改造和浮力主导的油气运移作用等密切相关。中国深层和超深层碳酸盐岩油气藏勘探发展的有利领域和油气藏类型主要有三个:一是低热流盆地浮力成藏下限之上自由动力场形成的高孔高渗常规油气藏;二是构造变动频繁的叠合盆地内外应力和内部流体活动改造而形成的缝洞复合型油气藏;三是构造稳定盆地内局限动力场形成的广泛致密连续型非常规油气藏。改造类非常规致密碳酸盐岩油气藏是中国含油气盆地深层和超深层油气资源的主要类型:它们叠加了早期形成的常规油气藏特征,又具有自身广泛连续分布的非常规特征,还经受了后期构造变动的改造;复杂的分布特征,致密的介质条件和高温高压环境使得这类油气资源勘探开发难度大、成本高。 相似文献
11.
水文与环境地质专业服务对象涉及自然资源、生态环境、文化旅游、林业草原、水利水务、农业农村、应急管理、交通住建等政府职能管理部门,服务范围涵盖资源能源调查监测、水土污染评价防治、国土空间生态修复、旅游规划、生态环境保护与治理、防灾减灾、重大工程建设等社会经济领域,水工环队伍是资源、环境、生态、空间等国土要素调查评价、利用及保护和监测预警的重要专业技术力量。本文在总结甘肃省地矿局“十三五”期间的水文与环境地质工作在提供资源能源保障、地质技术服务方面的主要成就和支撑生态环境保护与修复方面成果的基础上,依托行业技术优势和发展基础,结合国家及省经济社会发展和生态文明建设等战略部署,面向政府需要和社会需求,分析提出了甘肃省地矿局“十四五”期间水文与环境地质业务转型升级与高质量发展的宏观设想和思路。对地勘单位适应新发展阶段的水文与环境地质工作新要求,规划部署和构建相应的新发展格局有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
12.
钾霞橄黄长岩是一种非常稀少的超钾质火山岩,也是一个岩石系列,包括黄长煌斑岩、橄榄石黄长岩、白橄黄长岩、橄辉钾霞岩和乌干达岩等多种岩石类型。钾霞橄黄长岩包含了丰富的地球内部的深部信息,是火成岩石学中一个新的研究热点。结合对意大利和中国西秦岭钾霞橄黄长岩和碳酸岩的野外观察和研究,简要介绍了超钾质岩石的定义和分类以及钾霞橄黄长岩的岩石学和地球化学特征,并对钾霞橄黄长岩及共生的碳酸岩的成因和构造环境作了简要的评述。 相似文献
13.
Shuhai Guo Rensheng Chen Chuntan Han Guohua Liu Yaoxuan Song Yong Yang Zhangwen Liu Junfeng Liu 《地球科学进展》2017,32(11):1204-1217
As an important exchange process of water and heat between the cryosphere and the atmosphere, snow and glacier sublimation is a principal pathway of moisture content loss of cryosphere. The observations and simulations of snow and glacier sublimation for the process and influencing factors were conducted earlier in the Antarctic and the Arctic Pole, North America and northern Europe, and had made great progress. Based on the analysis of the sublimation of ice and snow and the latent heat of sublimation in different regions and climatic conditions, the influencing factors to sublimation of ice and snow were analyzed. Although sublimation of ice and snow is an important part of regional hydrological process and energy budget balance, under humid climate conditions, sublimation of ice and snow is inhibited. it is greatly affected by local topography(elevation, slope and aspect), vegetation and meteorological elements, resulting in large differences in reported sublimation of ice and snow. However, there are many factors that affect the sublimation, resulting in the obvious spatial and temporal differences of research results. The researches lack of long-term, systematic observation and research, and which has contributed to the lack of understanding in the water-heat process of snow and glacier. There are still great uncertainties and difficulties in this study that need to be overcome. 相似文献
14.
蛇绿岩中铬铁矿床成因一直存在较大争议,其主要原因可归结为:寄主蛇绿岩存在成因争议、产出状态不清、矿石及围岩矿物组合单一以及主要矿物成分简单但矿物包裹体复杂多样.针对这些研究瓶颈,率先对西藏普兰和罗布莎、土耳其K?z?lda?和Kop蛇绿岩中的地幔橄榄岩和铬铁岩进行了全岩和单矿物Fe-Mg同位素的探索性研究工作.结果表明:（1）蛇绿岩中的地幔橄榄岩具有较均一的Fe-Mg同位素组成,与世界上其他地区的地幔橄榄岩相似;（2）铬铁岩中铬铁矿和橄榄石之间存在明显的Fe-Mg同位素分馏,铬铁矿多具有比共存橄榄石轻的Fe同位素组成,与地幔橄榄岩中的尖晶石和橄榄石相反,Mg同位素变化较大;（3）铬铁矿和橄榄石的Fe-Mg同位素主要受控于结晶分异和Fe-Mg交换,且这两个过程造成的同位素变化趋势明显不同.因此,Fe-Mg同位素在揭示铬铁矿母岩浆来源、性质及成矿过程方面具有较大的应用潜力. 相似文献
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济阳坳陷新构造运动的构造形迹主要表现为断裂和背斜构造,特别是复活性大断裂及其裂缝,在济阳坳陷油气成藏过程中起着关键性作用。经研究认为,新构造运动诱发和推动油气以断裂系统模式从烃源岩中排出,提高了烃源岩的排烃效率和排烃动力,影响油气运移取向,控制主要油气藏呈北东—南西向展布;输导或封挡油气,洼陷内小断裂和微裂缝等隐蔽输导体系可输导油气形成砂岩透镜体油气藏;控制油气幕式充注成藏;多种输导体系沟通新近系大型披覆背斜圈闭和丰富的烃源岩,形成了如孤岛、埕东等大中型油气田。笔者将新构造运动在油气成藏过程中所起的作用总称为成藏效应,其研究成果有助于重新认识盆地油气资源,并揭示油气成藏机理、成藏模式和成藏规律。 相似文献
19.
造山带汇聚板块边缘沉积盆地的鉴别与恢复 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
大洋俯冲和大陆碰撞是板块汇聚过程中的有机连续过程,也是造山带形成的两种基本造山作用方式。不同的造山作用过程形成不同类型的沉积盆地和填充序列,沉积盆地性质的改变和沉积物源区变化是造山作用方式和时限的最直接体现。沉积盆地是造山带重要大地构造相单元之一,完整记录了板块边缘动力学过程和构造演化以及造山作用方式和时限。沉积盆地构造原型鉴别与恢复是造山带结构-属性解剖的重要内容之一。视沉积盆地与相邻大地构造相的演化为统一整体,以填充物和沉积物源区作为链接沉积盆地和造山带的纽带,系统地精细解剖填充物组成和沉积相以及沉积物源区时空变化系列,准确鉴别并恢复造山带沉积盆地构造原型,是获取大陆碰撞方式和时限的沉积-地层判别标志的有效方法之一。 相似文献
20.
Based on the results of previous studies and under the direction of the theory of “ore deposit genesis”, the authors made
use of high temperature and high pressure experimental facilities and conditions at the Tectono-geochemistry Research Room
under the State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and put
the focus on the multi-source of tectonically controlling ore-forming materials, the characteristics of multi-stage and multi-episode
hydrothermal activities and mineralization and the characteristics of multi-genesis and multi-ore deposition so as to shed
light on the metallogenic mechanisms of super-large Cu and Au deposits. In addition simulating experiments were made on multi-stage
and multi-episode tectonic activities and rock and ore deformation, multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic activities and
mobilization and migration of ore-forming materials, and multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic activities and superimposition
and enrichment of ore-forming materials. The experimental results showed that under the action of multi-stage and multi-episode
tectonic stress the deformation and fragmentation of not only rocks and ores have been intensified, and but also the ore-forming
materials originally disbursed in the rocks and ores have been mobilized and migrated and superimposed and enriched. The experimental
results also provided the scientific experimental data and grounds for deep-going research on the rules of metallogenesis
and geneses of super-large ore deposits in the Dexing region, Jiangxi Province. 相似文献