共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
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本文简要地解释了衍射增强成像方法和光栅相衬成像方法的物理原理,详细地介绍了以这两种成像方法为基础的一阶相衬CT的物理模型及其重建算法的最新进展,着重分析这些重建算法的思路、特点和性能。这些重建算法基于相衬成像的物理原理,能够从一阶投影数据出发,直接重建样品内部的折射率分布,从而得到了弱吸收物质的高衬度CT图像。 相似文献
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童双立 《CT理论与应用研究》1991,(3)
一、前言 X线CT和MR是医学上成功使用CT成像技术的典例。本文就X线CT与MR成像原理、数据获取方法、图象重建方法、机器结构、医学应用等几个方面进行比较,以说明两者的相似和区别。 相似文献
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高分辨显微CT技术进展 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
显微CT是一种新型的采用X射线成像原理进行高分辨三维成像的设备。可以在不破坏样品的情况下,对骨骼、牙齿和各种生物材料等离体标本进行高分辨三维成像。近年来,更多地用于小动物活体成像,用于药物开发,肿瘤病理学和基因显型研究。本文围绕显微CT的技术手段进行综述,总结了它的现状和几个重要发展方向,高成像对比度、超高分辨率、快速实时以及多模态成像。 相似文献
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计算机断层成像（CT）需要对物体进行360°扫描,由于几何限制及X射线在纵向的高吸收率,使得其在大构件尤其是板状构件的检测方面具有局限性,在这些情况下,计算机分层成像（CL）提供了一种有效的方法。本文首先总结近年来国内外关于CL的研究成果,然后系统地阐述CL成像的原理、重建算法以及应用,最后在成像质量方面比较CL和CT。 相似文献
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双能CT的基本原理、应用和未来展望(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
断层影像(CT)的图像对比度与扫描所用的X光源能谱分布有很大关系。传统CT使用具有能谱分布的一个光源进行成像,有时会出现信息模糊致使两种不同材料在CT图像上完全相同。双能CT使用两个不同分布的能谱对物体进行成像,能够消除单能谱情况下的信息模糊。虽然双能CT的基本概念由来已久,但最近商业系统的出现使双能CT迅速成为一个热点。我们首先概述了双能CT的基本物理原理和双能信号处理方法,包括促使双能CT进入现代医学成像的关键技术。其次,双能CT的应用已非常广泛,本文从其在临床应用角度进行了详细介绍使读者有所了解。最后,我们简要探讨了当前的两个技术发展领域:光子技术探测器和技术合成CT。 相似文献
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将锥束CT应用于口腔部位的三维成像,是近年来CT研究人员和口腔医生共同关注的一个热点.特别是随着牙齿种植技术的兴起,利用CBCT进行牙齿种植计划和手术导板的设计已成为一项新的研究方向.本文综述了口腔CBCT的成像原理和临床应用,比较了CBCT与传统CT在口腔成像中的特点,并总结了当前的关键技术和研究热点,供相关的技术及医学研究人员参考. 相似文献
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目的：提高CT衬度的分辨率，30年来，医学CT经历了原始的第一代CT发展至目前第5代高分辨率CT和高速电子束CT，其成像的空间分辨率和时间分辨率均有明显提高，但CT成像的衬度（密度）分辨率提高并不显著，而衬度分辨率与图像的灰度等级（灰阶）密切相关，是图像清晰度的重要参数。本文对应用双能量光子扫描吸收法以提高CT衬度（密度）分辨率的原理进行分析，并探讨其实际应用的可行性。 相似文献
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CT灌注成像是一种通过计算单位时间每体素内对比剂浓度改变,从而反映组织、器官血流动力学变化的无创性功能成像技术。在疾病的诊断、鉴别诊断及疗效评估中具有重要价值。目前,CT灌注技术在中枢、上腹脏器中的应用最为广泛,腹部以肝脏灌注技术最为成熟。多种肝脏病变鉴别诊断困难、治疗与预后差异较大,CT灌注为正确评估肝脏病变提供了新方法和新思路。本文现就CT肝脏灌注的原理、优势及临床价值等方面予以综述。 相似文献
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目的:比较肺CT靶重建（局部小扫描视野（FOV）薄层CT成像）和常规肺CT图像的质量以及对正常活体肺结构的显示情况。方法:对74例受检者分别行常规肺CT扫描（5mm）及靶重建（FOV 20cm,层厚1.25mm）。两名放射科医师分别判定常规肺CT成像、正常肺野小FOV薄层CT成像的图像质量:肺小叶结构、肺动静脉-支气管分支的显示（1～4级）及判断信心强度;3级和4级图像以小FOV薄层CT成像（1.25mm）显示数较多者作为标准,进一步判断常规肺CT扫描（5mm）成像的敏感性,两名观察者间的一致性做Kappa检验。结果:1级和2级图像质量在常规肺CT扫描和肺小FOV薄层CT成像间无统计学意义;3级和4级图像质量,肺小FOV薄层靶重建CT成像明显优于常规肺CT扫描,在两名观察者间均有统计学差异（P<0.05）;参照肺小FOV靶重建成像,常规肺CT扫描（5mm）成像,3级图像敏感性分别为97.1%、98.6%;4级图像敏感性分别为80.8%和85.3%。诊断信心水平明显提高（P<0.05）。在肺小FOV靶重建CT成像、常规肺CT成像上的图像质量的判断,两名观察者间具有较好的一致性（k=0.717,0.746）。结论:肺小FOV薄层CT成像较常规CT图像,能增加正常肺微细结构的显示能力和增加观察者判断信心。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(4)
正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and 相似文献
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George W. Housner 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2008,7(2):I0001-I0001
Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study 相似文献
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JianCheng Shi 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(10):2281-2282
正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases 相似文献
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Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC. 相似文献