首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
防护林在削弱风速、减少风蚀的同时又可以影响近地层的大气降尘。为探讨防护林疏透度(β)对大气降尘的影响,对新疆杨防护林庇护区0.5 m和3 m高度降尘进行野外观测,并分析了两个高度降尘量空间分布。结果表明:β大于0.47时,防护林对降尘空间分布没有明显影响,0.5 m高度降尘量大于3 m高度,且林后3 m高度降尘量比较平稳,而林后0.5 m高度降尘量出现较大波动;β从0.47下降到0.2时,防护林可以明显影响林后降尘,两个高度降尘量变化趋势相似且平均降尘量差距减小;此段时间,林后两个高度均出现高降尘区,且0.5 m高度的高降尘区滞后于3 m高度。防护林在中等疏透度时(0.2~0.47)可以明显影响林后水平和垂直方向大气降尘,导致林后出现高降尘区,并促进3 m高度降尘,减小两个高度降尘量的差距。因此,应避免将易受降尘危害的作物种植在林后高降尘区。  相似文献   

2.
小网窄带防护林在干旱区防护林构建中发挥着重要作用,研究小网窄带防护林叠加防风效果对指导防风固沙林空间配置与结构优化具有重要意义。选取两种典型小网窄带防护林网,对连续6个林网叠加的防护林开展基于流场分析防风效果的风洞模拟试验。结果表明:小网窄带防护林叠加后随着林网数量的增加各林网内的风速逐渐减小且在中间林网位置趋于稳定,乔木纯林林网在第3林网基本达到稳定,乔灌混交林网在第2林网达到稳定;两种防护林各林网内风速均符合正态分布特征,风速稳定后多为右偏态高狭峰;16 m·s-1风速下,乔木纯林网叠加(0~252 cm)的防风效能分布范围为16%~74%,整体在60%防风效能下发挥着良好防风效果,乔灌混交林林网叠加的防风效能分布范围为15%~89%,整体在70%防风效能下发挥着良好防风效果;16 m·s-1风速下,乔木纯林林网叠加(0~42H,H=6 cm)的风速加速率为0.25~0.94,乔灌混交林林网叠加的风速加速率为0.1~0.94;根据风速加速率的分布特征划分出4个不同的风速分布区,分析还发现灌木对林带枝下高范围的近地层气流影响显著,对削弱近地层风速起到了重要作用。  相似文献   

3.
柴达木盆地北部风速对尘暴事件降尘的影响   总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7  
通过系统监测柴达木盆地北部冷湖地区的月降尘通量以及尘暴事件降尘量,发现该地区月降尘通量变化在0.57×103~18.12×103 μg·cm–2·month–1之间,并且与月极大风速(Vextr)具有较好的正相关性(r2=0.60, n=23);该区年内主要粉尘堆积时段为春季和初夏;尘暴事件发生期间的降尘量不仅与尘暴持续期间10 min平均风速具有良好的正相关关系(r2=0.60, n=16),而且降尘量与10 min风速变化幅度有关:强劲稳定的风力条件在监测地点产生较少的降尘量,强劲且变率较大的风力条件产生较多的降尘量。监测结果显示,风速的变化对粉尘的释放、输送和沉降有重要的影响,有助于理解地质记录所揭示的冰期-间冰期不同的大气粉尘沉降速率。  相似文献   

4.
徐满厚  刘彤  赵新俊  张卫宾 《中国沙漠》2012,32(5):1224-1232
以新疆准噶尔盆地南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带为研究区,研究了该区防护林与其外围自然植被的协同防风效能,进而构建了二者协同配置的优化模式。结果表明:①在有障碍物(防护林、自然植被)存在时,风表现出显著的规律性,即在0.5 m和1.5 m高度处,防护林与自然植被协同后对风速起到了减弱作用。对于疏透结构林带,风速的减弱程度为自然植被内部>自然植被与防护林之间>防护林外部;对于紧密结构林带,当风速较小时,风速的减弱程度为自然植被与防护林之间>自然植被内部>防护林外部。②防护林带的冠层体积(V)、单位长度林带段胸高断面积(S)、株行距(Q)与自然植被的平均高度(H)、覆盖度(C)协同后和两高度处的相对风速存在极显著相关关系,据此以编程运算得到最小相对风速下二者协同配置的优化模式,即在0.5 m高度处,当V=62.1476 m3、S=0.5756 m2/50m、Q=5.5645 m2、H=1.6889 m、C=0.2878时,二者的协同防风效能达到85.07%;在1.5 m高度处,当V=62.1476 m3、S=0.5237 m2/50m、Q=5.5645 m2、H=1.8154 m、C=0.3073时,二者的协同防风效能达到74.67%。对不同相对风速下二者协同配置的优化模式进行了预测。  相似文献   

5.
共和盆地不同类型防护林的改善小气候效应   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
防护林是荒漠生态系统中绿洲的生态屏障。本文在青藏高原共和盆地的沙丘和丘间地生境中,分别选择不同类型的防护林,在春季和夏季测量它们的风速、气温、相对湿度、土壤温度和土壤体积含水量,据此选择改善小气候效应较好的防护林类型。结果表明:与流动沙丘相比,沙丘上栽植柠条和沙蒿均能够明显降低风速和气温,增加相对湿度,降低土壤温度,并且增加土壤体积含水量;柠条改善小气候的效应优于沙蒿。与赖草草地相比,丘间地各种类型的防护林均能够降低风速和气温,增加相对湿度,降低土壤温度,但是大部分防护林会降低土壤体积含水量,仅小叶杨林带能够在7月增加土壤体积含水量;小叶杨+乌柳混交林和乌柳+沙柳混交林改善小气候的效应优于柽柳和乌柳。  相似文献   

6.
林丹淳  谭敏  刘凯  柳林  朱远辉 《热带地理》2020,40(2):346-356
以人口密度差异显著的广东省为研究区,比较Worldpop、GPW v4和2种中国公里网格人口分布数据集的空间分布一致性,并以第六次全国人口普查数据为真值,按人口密度分为高、中、低3组,从误差的数值分布和空间分布两方面定量评价4种数据集的精度,最后讨论估算误差的可能来源及数据适用性。结果表明,4种网格人口数据集中Worldpop整体精度最高,且在人口密集区的精度也是最高;GPW v4在低人口密度和中人口密度区域精度略高于Worldpop,但对镇街内人口分布细节刻画不够详细;2种中国公里网格人口分布数据集精度较前两者低,主要受空间化方法和模型变量的选择所限制。Worldpop适合用于人口密度中等及人口密度高区域的精细化研究,GPW v4适合用于长时序、最小研究单元大于镇街的研究,第一种中国公里网格人口分布数据集适合用于需要考虑镇街内人口分布和空间异质性的研究,第二种中国公里网格人口分布数据集适用于需要考虑人口分布细节和空间格局变化的长时序研究。  相似文献   

7.
浑善达克沙地黄柳活沙障防风固沙效益的研究   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13  
通过研究浑善达克沙地流动沙地上黄柳活沙障的防风固沙效益,对设置3 a后的不同类型的活沙障进行测定和分析,得出如下结论:沙障设置3 a后,沙地趋于固定,障内植物种类明显增多;设置黄柳活沙障的区域内下垫面粗糙度显著增大,风速明显减弱,而且黄柳网格沙障降低风速的能力较带状沙障强,其顺序为:4 m×4 m黄柳网格沙障>6 m×6 m黄柳网格沙障>间距4 m的黄柳带状沙障>间距6 m的黄柳带状沙障﹥流沙;当旷野平均风速为7.86 m·s-1时,只有流沙和间距6 m的黄柳带状沙障起沙,其他几类活沙障内均不起沙。  相似文献   

8.
不同类型防护林中樟子松的构型特征分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
 影响植物枝系构型的因素有各级分枝长度、各级分枝角度、枝径比、逐步分枝率和总体分枝率等。采用枝系构型的理论和方法,对甘肃民勤不同类型防护林中樟子松的分枝构型特征进行研究。结果表明:①不同类型防护林中的樟子松分枝格局有较大的差异,主要表现在分枝长度、分枝率等变化明显;②不同类型防护林中樟子松在不同部位处的分枝格局也存在一定的差异性,劣势类型Ⅰ的中下部枝条占优势,优势类型Ⅱ、中间类型Ⅲ以中上部枝条占优势,而劣势类型Ⅰ的基部分枝角度大于其他两种类型的;③优势类型防护林中樟子松在距地面不同高度处的分枝长度、分枝角度随高度呈规律性变化,在不同高度处的枝系构型指标以中上部占优势,基部较弱;④通过分枝构型特征研究认为在干旱区营造樟子松防护林以杨树和樟子松株间混交效果较好,杨树与樟子松行间混交效果较差,樟子松纯林居中。  相似文献   

9.
我国北方典型沙漠化地区近30 a风速变化特征   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:5  
 利用毛乌素沙漠的乌审旗、浑善达克沙地的多伦县和科尔沁沙地的奈曼旗1970—2000年逐日平均风速资料探讨了沙漠化地区的风速变化特征。3个旗县在4月和11月为高风速期,8月为低风速期;乌审旗年均风速30 a来基本处于减弱趋势,多伦县和奈曼旗的年均风速没有表现出稳定的变化趋向;用Weibull函数拟合不同时段内的风速分布效果都很好;风速的方差较大,且与平均风速成正相关;以不同时距平均风速为参数计算的输沙量相差很大,应该引起足够的重视。  相似文献   

10.
均匀配置的两种仿真灌木林防风效应野外观测   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
建立灌木林是一种有效的防风固沙方法,灌木林空间配置是防护林体系研究与建设取得最佳效益的关键.应用两种仿真固沙灌木,建立株行距相等的均匀配置灌木林,观测林内与林前不同风速,比较其防风效能.结果表明:在风速为4.6~10.7 m·s-1时,侧影面积为0.25 m2的无叶仿真灌木林比侧影面积为0.39 m2的有叶仿真灌木林防风效能低10%~20%.仿真固沙灌木林风速与高度变化关系呈指数函数关系,但在风沙流中拟合系数更高.仿真固沙灌木林空气动力粗糙度平均值是流沙地的5倍多,但不同风速下的粗糙度值差异较大.对相同配置的防风固沙林,调节灌丛结构可以提高其防风固沙效能.  相似文献   

11.
This paper takes a new approach to investigating people who age in place. It provides an explanation for why people age in a place that can be useful in government and corporate planning. Our research investigates the principal factors that drive the decision of a rising number of older Australians to age in place. Many older people wish to age in place rather than move in with their children or be institutionalised. They wish to continue to be active in their local communities and maintain their existing social ties. The concept of ageing in place covers two distinct groups: those who are able to stay in their current dwellings and age in home and those who move house but remain in their local community and age in neighbourhood. Age-friendly home modification is a response to ageing in home, whereas the provision of institutional healthcare and the provision of age-suitable housing to facilitate downsizing are associated with ageing in neighbourhood. Using Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey data, this research examines the mobility decisions of older Australians and identifies the major determinants of a decision to age in place. This research argues for a better understanding of ageing in place, differentiating between those ageing in home and those ageing in neighbourhood.  相似文献   

12.
Nielsen, Bue and Sørensen, Peder Michael: Changes in regional employment in Denmark in the seventies. Geografisk Tidsskrift 84, 69–73. Copenhagen, January 1984.

The paper deals with regional development in employment in Denmark in the 1970's. It uses shift-share analysis to isolate elements and activities responsible for the regional dispersion experienced. In that context the paper discusses the interrelationship between manufacturing industries and public services.  相似文献   

13.
福建九龙江口红树林造林遇到的问题   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
中国的红树林在过去50年里面积锐减了近70%,恢复和发展红树林迫在眉睫,红树林人工造林是必由之路。福建九龙江口湿地资源丰富,然而在红树林造林上却遇到了一些问题,这些问题阻碍了九龙江口红树林的恢复和发展,应该引起相关部门的关注。  相似文献   

14.
1IntroductionMany natural phenomena such as zigzag coastline, various landforms, turbulent rivers, etc. cannot be described with traditional Euclid geometry, but they are of self-similarities. Fractal geometry takes the complex phenomena as its research objects and has been developed into a specific theory. So it has been praised as natural geometry. What is fractal means "irregular, fractional, fragmental" and its core is self-similarity (Wang and Cao, 1995). To characterize fractals differ…  相似文献   

15.
Drawing on conceptualization of statelessness and ethnographic research on crucial insights of rightessness, this paper investigates how the politico‐geographic‐legality constructs statelessness in the enclaves in India and Bangladesh. Following the decolonization process in 1947, both India and Pakistan/Bangladesh inherited more than 200 enclaves, which comprise 80 per cent of the world's enclaves. With improved bilateral relations, India and Bangladesh officially exchanged the enclaves on 1 August 2015, and the enclave dwellers will gradually be granted citizenship rights over the next few years. In this period of transition from statelessness to statehood, this paper can be read as contemporary history. This paper will draw attention to three aspects of statelessness. First, conceptualization of statelessness not only applies to the refugeehood or de‐territorialization of people but also relates to the process of constructing transterritorial stateless people. Second, this paper will discuss the condition of statelessness constructed in a politico‐geographic‐legal trap. And finally, the paper calls for a wider empirical and critical focus on the hidden geographies of de facto statelessness.  相似文献   

16.
The fractal theory put forward by American mathematician B B Mandelbrot (1967) supplies an effective approach to solve complex problems. The complex problems in geography have become the main positive study field of fractal theory. Based on the works of China’s geographers and the summarization of contents of fractal theory, the authors comment on the present situation of its applications to almost every branch of geography and discuss the related problems and the prospects of fractal study in geography.  相似文献   

17.
我国生物地理学研究进展   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
生物地理学研究是生物学和地理学交叉非常明显的部门自然地理学学科,它具有很强的基础研究特点,同时研究成果也具有很大的应用潜力。近年来,我国生物地理学基础研究在国家自然科学基金委等部门的支持下,在山地植被与地理环境、干旱半干旱区植被与地理环境、植物区系、植物物候、土壤动物与土壤生态功能、土壤生物结皮等方面开展了全面而深入的研究。同时拓展了传统生物地理学的研究方向,在植物地理学与全球变化、植物地理学与生物多样性保护、植物地理学与生态系统管理等方面也开展了大量研究。尤为可贵的是干旱半干旱区土壤生物结皮研究、典型温带荒漠区原生荒漠植被对水分改变的响应与适应研究取得了令国内外关注的高水平研究成果。  相似文献   

18.
19.
我国草地生态系统碳循环研究进展   总被引:34,自引:5,他引:29  
文中首先分析了草地生态系统在碳循环研究中的地位和重要性,进而对我国草地生态系统碳循环的研究现状作了较为详尽的阐述,包括植物、凋落物、土壤三大碳库以及主要含碳温室气体通量等,对其主要研究结论进行了深入的剖析。同时提出了今后我国草地生态系统碳循环的重点研究方向和研究领域。  相似文献   

20.
Advances in terrestrial system research in China   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
Land surface is of spatial-temporal heterogeneity. Terrestrial system (TS) comprehensively studies on land surface and physical regionalization objectively describes geographical zonation of the system. China has a vast area with apparent spatial variations in resources and environmental conditions, which highly influence on socio-economic development. In this paper, progress of the TS studies in China is overviewed and research priorities in the near future are prospected. Since the 1950s, China has paid great attention to the TS study as its socio-economic development, and conducted research on physical geographical regionalization, eco-geographical regionalization and comprehensive regionalization. Along with the deepening of global change research, dynamics of TS have been highly concerned. During the studies, methodology has been developed from qualitative research of integration of experts’ brainpower gradually to quantitative research based on field observation and experiments of the natural processes, including physical, chemical and biological processes, as well as application of information technology and mathematical simulation. In the near future, TS would combine with the ideology, objectives and key researches of Future Earth program, to focus on the mechanism and regional effects of interaction among land surface elements, the response of TS to global change, the quantitative recognition on regional unit boundary, and the application to TS in sustainable socio-economic development.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号