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1.
Longjun Dong Johan Wesseloo Yves Potvin Xibing Li 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(1):183-211
Seismic events and blasts generate seismic waveforms that have different characteristics. The challenge to confidently differentiate these two signatures is complex and requires the integration of physical and statistical techniques. In this paper, the different characteristics of blasts and seismic events were investigated by comparing probability density distributions of different parameters. Five typical parameters of blasts and events and the probability density functions of blast time, as well as probability density functions of origin time difference for neighbouring blasts were extracted as discriminant indicators. The Fisher classifier, naive Bayesian classifier and logistic regression were used to establish discriminators. Databases from three Australian and Canadian mines were established for training, calibrating and testing the discriminant models. The classification performances and discriminant precision of the three statistical techniques were discussed and compared. The proposed discriminators have explicit and simple functions which can be easily used by workers in mines or researchers. Back-test, applied results, cross-validated results and analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves in different mines have shown that the discriminator for one of the mines has a reasonably good discriminating performance. 相似文献
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为了保障煤矿生产的安全,三维地震勘探在煤田采区主要解决构造问题,因各地区地质情况的复杂程度不同,解释的准确度也有不同。随着计算机和物探技术方法的发展,煤田采区三维地震勘探资料的高信噪比、高分辨率为地震资料的精细解释提供了可能。笔者利用小波分析技术、方差体技术、图象处理等多种方法,结合已知采区的实例,对小断层做了精细构造解释,提高了三维地震资料的构造解释的精度。 相似文献
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Enhanced demand for coal and minerals in the country has forced mine operators for mass production through large opencast mines. Heavy blasting and a large amount of explosive use have led to increased environmental problems, which may have potential harm and causes a disturbance. Ground vibrations generated due to blasting operations in mines and quarries are a very important environmental aspect. It is clear that a small amount of total explosive energy is being utilized in blasting for breakage of rock mass, while the rest is being wasted. The amount of energy which is wasted causes various environmental issues such as ground vibrations, air overpressure, and fly rock. Ground vibrations caused by blasting cannot be eliminated entirely, yet they can be minimized as far as possible through a suitable blasting methodology. A considerable amount of work has been done to identify ground vibrations and assess the blast performance regarding the intensity of ground vibrations, i.e., peak particle velocity and frequency spectrum. However, not much research has done into reducing the seismic energy wasted during blasting leading to ground vibrations. In this paper, the blast-induced ground vibrations in three orthogonal directions, i.e., transverse, vertical, and longitudinal, were recorded at different distances using seismographs. An attempt has been made for the estimation of the percentage of explosive energy dissipated in the form of seismic energy with electronic and non-electric (NONEL) initiation system. signal processing techniques with the help of DADiSP software is used to study the same. 相似文献
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The application of mineralogical characterization to mine waste has the potential to improve risk assessment, guide appropriate mine planning for planned and active mines and optimize remediation design at closed or abandoned mines. Characterization of minerals, especially sulphide and carbonate phases, is particularly important for predicting the potential for acidic drainage and metal(loid) leaching. Another valuable outcome from mineralogical studies of mine waste is an understanding of the stability of reactive and metal(loid)-bearing minerals under various redox conditions. This paper reviews analytical methods that have been used to study mine waste mineralogy, including conventional methods such as X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and advanced methods such as synchrotron-based microanalysis and automated mineralogy. We recommend direct collaboration between researchers and mining companies to choose the optimal mineralogical techniques to solve complex problems, to co-publish the results, and to ensure that mineralogical knowledge is used to inform mine waste management at all stages of the mining life cycle. A case study of arsenic-bearing gold mine tailings from Nova Scotia is presented to demonstrate the application of mineralogical techniques to improve human health risk assessment and the long-term management of historical mine wastes. 相似文献
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煤矿采空区塌陷是一个重要的地质问题,由于采空塌陷区地震、地质条件的复杂性,传统三维地震勘探探测方法难以准确查明采空区边界。本研究提出一种基于四维地震特征的煤矿采空区识别方法,并以淮南煤田张集煤矿为靶区开展采空区探测。该方法从模型驱动入手,通过建立煤层开采前、后地质模型及进行正演模拟,利用模型地震叠前时间偏移剖面回溯分析采空区引起的地震特征差异。根据模型数据采空区的地震反射特征,指导识别实际地震数据中的采空区,并通过地震解释圈定采空区范围。张集煤矿的实际四维地震数据分析结果显示,采空区域反射波连续性变差,采空区边界出现同相轴错断现象;因此,利用采空区四维地震特征差异能够有效识别煤矿采空区,并能准确圈定采空区的范围。 相似文献
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强震区城市地质灾害风险管理的研究内容与方法探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地质灾害风险管理是一种寻求更加合理有效的地质灾害减灾防灾的理念和模式。随着山区城市化进程的加快,经济和人口在城市的相对聚集,加之强烈地震活动,使得山区城市面临风险不断地提高。研究强震城市风险管理,已成为当前城市防灾减灾工作的一项重大课题。本文概述了国内外研究进展,提出该研究方向的主要研究内容和研究方法。未来研究内容应该包括（1）强震区城市地质灾害风险结构与风险量化分析,（2）城市地震地质灾害风险判据研究与风险准则建立,（3）强震区城市地质灾害管制的途径和方法研究,（4）强震区城市地质灾害管制的效能监控机制研究,（5）强震区城市地质灾害风险管制的模式与规范体系研究。 相似文献
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传统煤矿采区三维地震勘探对复杂构造、下组煤层和灰岩探测的精度不高,很难满足煤矿安全高效开采对地质条件透明化、精准化探测的需求,煤田高密度三维地震勘探技术应运而生。中国煤田高密度三维地震勘探技术的发展历程可分为3个阶段：2005—2007年,探索与试验阶段;2008年—2014年：试验与示范阶段;2015年至今,推广与应用阶段。经过近20年的发展,煤田高密度三维地震勘探技术显著提高了复杂地质构造的探测精度,在解决特殊地质问题上也有了长足的进步。结合煤田高密度三维地震勘探技术相关研究成果与勘探实例,对煤田高密度三维地震勘探数据采集、处理和解释等环节技术的现状进行了综述。面向煤矿安全高效生产对小、微构造解译和岩性精准识别的迫切需求,提出地震观测系统的优化技术、连片处理技术、叠前深度偏移处理技术、OVT域的资料处理和解释技术、深度域地震资料解释技术、人工智能处理解释技术等,将是煤田高密度三维地震勘探技术发展的重点和热点方向。 相似文献
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迄今,用于煤矿井下独头巷道超前勘探的有效手段寥寥无几。常规的钻探方法费工、费时、效率很低,而且有引起突水的危险。瑞雷波勘探方法是一种使用瑞雷面波作为有效波进行零到几十米范围内地震勘探的新型物探方法。它的测线基距与勘探深度的比值可以达到1∶20以上,即1～2m的测线布置,勘探深度可达30～40m以上。完全适用于独头巷道超前勘探的需要。把这样一种地面地质勘探的方法技术移植到井下,在煤巷、岩巷中进行超前探测断层、空巷、冲刷带的试验并获得成功,无疑为煤矿井下独头巷道的超前探测开创了一种全新的物探手段,必将在煤矿的安全掘进和生产方面发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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煤田小微构造作为煤矿主要致灾源之一,对其精细解释与圈定是矿井安全高效生产的重要保障,而单纯借助传统的地震勘探方法与技术手段解决该问题,已无法满足精准开采地质保障的需求。为此,基于叠后三维地震数据体,通过提取60 Hz以上高频段成分信息,进行地震数据重构,并基于此提取小尺度的最小负曲率属性,对研究区小微构造进行解释与分析。通过与现场小微构造揭露和解释情况对比表明:基于高频信息重构的地震数据体纵向分辨率高,提取的小尺度曲率属性细节刻画能力强,相对于传统的最小负曲率属性在指示小微构造方面优势明显。因此,将基于重构地震数据体提取的小尺度曲率属性应用于煤田小微构造解释与圈定是合理可行的。 相似文献
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SUN Shenglin WU Xizun China National Administration of Coal Geology Beijing China 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(3):729-735
This paper briefly introduces the development and present situation of China's coal seismic exploration. It focuses on analyzing the important functions of 3-D seismic exploration technology in the designing and production of coal mines, and also the results of its application. 相似文献
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贵州"西电东送"电煤保障建议 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
分析了贵州省“西电东送”火电建设中电煤保障方面存在的突出问题:矿井建设电煤资源保障存在缺口,当前矿井建设中地质勘查依据不足,从而增大了矿井建设投资风险并为生产事故多发和资源浪费埋下祸患,煤矿采矿及管理人才匮乏等。针对存在的问题提出了建议,供制定规划和领导决策参考:(1)贯彻落实国务院《关于加强地质工作的决定》,加强、加快贵州省煤炭地质勘探工作;(2)加快贵州省大中型煤矿建设,加强对小煤矿的管理、监督、引导和资源整合重组;(3)加快煤矿采矿和地质技术人才培养,特别是中等实用技术人才的培养。 相似文献
14.
Mohamed Saleh Efnik Samsuddin H. Taib Nur Islami 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,88(6):736-742
In the past ten years, time-lapse (4D) seismic has evolved as a standard way of monitoring reservoir performance. The method is now being used as good reservoir management practice to provide evidence of saturation changes within the reservoir at field scale. 4D provides a new piece of data describing the dynamic behavior of the reservoir fluids between the wells, often limited to small scale monitoring at the borehole scale. Thus, it provides sophisticated techniques for reservoir monitoring and management relying on the integration of geological models, static and dynamic properties of the reservoir rock, and detailed production and pressure field data.While 4D seismic data has been very successful in monitoring hydrocarbon production from clastic reservoirs, this work has focused on implementing 4D time lapse to monitor saturation changes in carbonate reservoirs and it’s capability to be used as enhanced oil recovery (EOR) tool that can help in enhancing the recovery factor for the filed and help to locate new drilling to sweep more oil out of the reservoir and locate the by-pass oil.The principal goal of this research was to detect the maximum change in seismic attributes (amplitude, acoustic impedance, travel time) that could occur as a result of oil production, water and gas injection in carbonate reservoirs by using time-lapse 4D seismic. 相似文献
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定位于矿井槽波地震勘探,开发一套针对槽波地震数据的处理解释平台,以期推动矿井槽波地震勘探技术更好地为煤矿安全生产服务。构建了软件设计架构,介绍了软件主要子系统和每个子系统包含的功能模块和软件运行环境,最后进行了部分软件界面和成果的展示。 相似文献
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Adrian E. Scheidegger 《Natural Hazards》1988,1(1):5-13
When a study is to be made of seismic risks, the present-day geodynamic conditions are of fundamental importance: Earthquakes do not happen by themselves, they do have a cause. The cause of earthquakes is that the tectonic stresses exceed a critical limit. The build-up of these stresses is conditioned by the geodynamic processes occurring in the region in question. A knowledge of the geodynamics characteristic of a region is therefore fundamental for seismic risk studies. The general methodology for making such a geodynamic study is based on the entire set of manifestations of the plate-tectonic conditions of that region: these include the mechanism of earthquakes, the stresses observed in mines, the orientation of surface joints and even the direction of river valleys. Examples of geodynamic studies and their bearing on seismic risks are shown from various areas of the world, notably from China, India, and Colombia. 相似文献
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Seismicity associated with mining 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
N.G.W. Cook 《Engineering Geology》1976,10(2-4):99-122
The virgin state of stress in the earth's crust is disturbed by mine excavations which result in stress concentrations in the rock. Rock emits seismic pulses when subjected to stresses approaching in value the strength of the rock. Mining gives rise to seismic activity ranging from microseismic events radiating 10−5 J (M - 6) to rockbursts or tremors radiating 109 J (M5).
Rock failures in mines fall into four main categories: rockfalls, in which loosened rock falls mainly under its own weight; rockbursts which are violent failures of rock and may cause damage to excavations; bumps, which are violent failures, but which do not cause damage to the excavations; and outbursts in which the rapid release of gas causes rock to be ejected into the excavation. Microseismic activity is associated with all these four categories of rock failure.
Rockbursts and bumps occur in deep metalliferous mines in which thin tabular deposits in strong, brittle siliceous rocks of igneous or metamorphic origin are worked. The seismicity associated with mining appears to have many features in common with those natural earthquakes. However, the mechanics and dynamics of mining can be analysed relatively completely and the excavations provide access to the source region of the seismic events.
Comprehensive studies of rock deformation and fractures have been made on several gold mines of the Witwatersrand System. The gold-bearing reefs are mined at depths of down to more than 3 km below surface by stoping. This creates flat voids in the quartzitic strata extending laterally for distances of up to several kilometres with an initial excavated thickness of a metre. Geodetic-type measurements in tunnels and boreholes traversing the rock mass around these excavations have shown that the rock mass responds elastically over long periods of time to the extension of the boundaries of the excavations resulting from advancing the stope faces. Failure of the rock in the regions of maximum stress concentration near the edges of these excavations is an unavoidable concomitant of mining. It gives rise to new fracture planes closely parallel to the stope faces and to continuous seismic activity. The foci of seismic events with magnitudes from less than 0 to greater than 3 are found to occur mainly within tens of metres of the advancing stope faces. Diurnal and weekly distributions of seismic activity and of deformation show that the failure of the rock is time-dependent. The seismic radiation efficiency has been found to be of the order of 0.1%.
The seismicity is related to the spatial rate of energy release associated with the extension of the excavations and the incidence of seismic events and their magnitudes can be predicted statistically from calculated values of this quantity. 相似文献
18.
本文首先界定了权益矿、权益储量及权益产量的内涵,系统统计了2017年中国海外权益铜矿项目的数量、权益储量和权益产量,结果显示2017年中国海外权益铜矿约50个,海外铜矿权益储量4441.8万t,权益产量112.5万t。研判了全球铜矿资源格局,分析了海外权益铜矿存在的主要问题,并提出了对策建议：（1）应全力支持中国企业到南美、非洲等地获取海外权益铜矿,力争打造3～5个大型海外权益铜矿基地;（2）努力扩大海外权益铜矿产量,力争2030年中国海外权益铜矿产量超过250万t;（3）中资企业应结合自身经营财务情况,选择自主建设已探明储量但尚未开发矿山还是收购成熟的矿山项目;（4）中资企业还应不断学习和熟知当地的法律政策、商业特点、文化风俗等,处理好与各方的利益关系,保证海外权益铜矿项目持续稳定经营。 相似文献
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煤矿陷落柱地震层析成像试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
陷落柱是我国北方煤矿机械化综采的主要障碍之一,在综采前探明采区陷落柱的位置和分布具有重要意义。本文介绍用于探测煤矿陷落柱的地震层析成像方法,并利用物理模拟的资料作成像试验,证实应用地震层析成像方法可以准确地圈定煤矿中的陷落柱。 相似文献