共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
天然岩体中存在着大量的孔隙和裂隙,这些缺陷不仅改变了岩体的力学性质,也严重影响了岩体的渗流特性。在对现有裂隙岩体渗流特性研究成果进行分析的基础上,讨论了岩体单个裂隙的力学性质和渗流对单个裂隙岩体产生的力学作用,研究了岩体单裂隙渗透系数与岩体三维应力的关系,考虑了裂隙粗糙度对渗流的影响以及不同方向应力对渗透性影响的差异,分析了单个裂隙岩体在三向应力作用下的渗流特征,得出了裂隙所受三维应力与渗透系数关系式,认为垂直于裂隙面的应力对岩体渗透性起主导作用,岩体渗透系数随垂直裂隙面应力的增加而迅速减小。通过与渗流规律试验结果对比分析,证明了所得单个裂隙岩体渗透系数表达式的正确性。 相似文献
2.
采用渗流力学理论并结合Monte Carlo方法描述岩体裂隙的随机分布,研究渗流模型的尺寸效应并确定表征单元体积（REV）,得到了3种开口度分布形式的等效渗透系数椭圆曲线,建立了等效渗透系数方向性的判别标准。离散裂隙网络（DFN）模型假定流体只在岩体裂隙内部流动,而不通过岩体本身渗流。基于二维离散元程序UDEC并进行二次开发,建立DFN模型,通过改变流体的流动方向,得到不同流动方向下岩体裂隙网络的等效渗透系数,并分析不同的开口度分布形式对岩体裂隙网络等效渗透系数方向性的影响。计算结果表明,表征单元体积存在的条件是等效渗透系数保持稳定且渗透椭圆比较光滑。等效渗透系数的方向性受开口度分布形式的影响很大：当开口度-长度关联分布时,等效渗透系数各向异性;当开口度对数正态分布时,等效渗透系数各向同性;当开口度恒定分布时,等效渗透系数的特性介于二者之间。变化系数（CV）是否大于5%是判定岩体裂隙网络渗透系数是否具有方向性的判别标准。 相似文献
3.
4.
渗透系数的各向异性对裂隙水渗流潜水面的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天然岩体是多相的不连续介质，在其中分布有大量的节理裂隙，这些裂隙的渗透能力要比岩石高几个数量级，构成了地下水流的主要通道，并控制着地下水渗流的运动规律．由于裂隙分布的方向性，导致裂隙岩体的渗流具有明显的各向异性．本文便在规则裂隙岩体模型的基础上，改变每组裂隙的渗透系数，利用有限元计算出裂隙水渗流的潜水面，分析了裂隙岩体渗透系数的各向异性对裂隙水渗流潜水面的影响． 相似文献
5.
渗透系数是表征裂隙岩体透水性能的一个重要参数,当水压力较小时,岩体的渗透系数变化不明显,但在高水压力条件下,岩体的渗透系数会发生明显变化,这给我们在进行渗流分析时带来了一定的困难,因为多数情况下是将渗透系数当作定值来计算的。在高压水条件下,基于非达西流方程,推导了裂隙岩体的渗透系数与水压力之间的表达式,并给出了常规压水或低水压力、高压压水时水力劈裂前后渗透系数的计算公式。现场压水试验结果表明,当岩体发生水力劈裂后,渗透系数增加明显,此时可以通过压水量和水压力的变化量来计算裂隙岩体的渗透系数。通过几个抽水蓄能电站的高压压水试验结果验证了裂隙岩体水力劈裂前后渗透系数的变化规律,并与实际裂隙岩体的渗透系数进行了比较,其误差在10%左右,表明本文给出的渗透系数表达式的合理性和准确性,为水利水电工程的渗流分析及渗漏量的计算提供了渗透系数选择的依据。 相似文献
6.
裂隙岩体渗流概念模型研究 总被引：31，自引：4，他引：27
裂隙岩体中的渗流和传统的多孔介质渗流在机理上存在本质的差别,这种差别主要表现为裂隙岩体在各种尺度上存在的非均质性。模拟裂隙岩体渗流的主要困难在于描述这种非均质性。目前的概念模型,包括等效连续体模型、离散裂隙网络模型和混合模型使用了不同的技术来预测裂隙岩体中的渗流。这些模型基于不同的假设和概念框架,有着各自不同的优缺点。在实际应用时,应当根据研究域的具体特点和所要解决的问题的要求对其选择,此外,还讨论了单裂隙的概念模型。 相似文献
7.
裂隙岩体渗透系数确定方法研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
裂隙岩体渗透系数以及渗透主方向的确定对研究岩体渗透性大小及各向异性具有重要意义。高放废物地质处置库介质岩体的渗透性能将直接影响其使用安全性。本文运用离散裂隙网络模拟的方法对我国高放废物处置库甘肃北山预选区3#钻孔附近裂隙岩体进行了渗透性质分析。通过对3#钻孔171.5~178.0m段压水试验数据的反演,标定了离散裂隙网络渗流模型中的裂隙渗透参数(导水系数T)。利用标定的离散裂隙网络模型对场区裂隙岩体进行了渗流模拟,确定了该区域裂隙岩体的渗流表征单元体(REV)的尺寸大小以及渗透主值和主渗透方向。运用离散裂隙网络模型计算得出的渗透主值的几何均值与现场压水试验计算结果较接近,证明了计算结果的有效性。 相似文献
8.
在金沙江溪洛渡水电站坝区玄武岩中,进行了3种水力试验,探讨玄武岩渗透性及其尺度效应。平硐渗水试验的试验尺度为1～2 m,渗透系数为10-4～101 m/d,非常离散;地下水示踪试验的尺度为70～145 m,渗透系数为10-0.5～100.5 m/d,非常集中;压水试验的试验尺度为4～7 m,渗透系数值10-2～100 m/d。试验结果显示渗透系数随着试验尺度的增加而增大,笔者认为产生尺度效应的原因在于非均质性。小尺度试验常作用在局部基质段或单条裂隙上,而大尺度试验常穿越几条大裂隙,所获得的渗透系数值要大于前者。在进行裂隙岩体地下水渗流研究时,针对不同尺度的研究对象,应选择不同尺度的野外水力试验来求取渗透系数。 相似文献
9.
离散裂隙渗流方法与裂隙化渗透介质建模 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
流体渗流模拟的连续介质方法通常适用于多孔地质体，并不一定适用于裂隙岩体，由于裂隙分布及其特征与孔隙差异较大。若流体渗流主要受裂隙的控制，对于一定尺寸的裂隙岩体，多孔介质假设则较难刻划裂隙岩体的渗流特征。离散裂隙渗流方法不但可直接用于模拟裂隙岩体非均质性和各向异性等渗流特征，而且可用其确定所研究的裂隙岩体典型单元体及其水力传导（渗透）张量大小。主要讨论了以下问题：（1）饱和裂隙介质中一般的离散流体渗流模拟；（2）裂隙岩体中的REV（典型单元体）及其水力传导（渗透）张量的确定；（3）利用离散裂隙网络流体渗流模型研究裂隙方向几何参数对水力传导系数和REV的影响；（4）在二维和三维离散裂隙流体渗流模型中对区域大裂隙和局部小裂隙的处理方法。调查结果显示离散裂隙流体渗流数学模型可用来评价不同尺度上的裂隙岩体的水力特征，以及裂隙方向对裂隙化岩体的水力特征有着不可忽视的影响。同时，局部小裂隙、区域大裂隙应当区别对待，以便据其所起的作用及水力特征，建立裂隙化岩体相应的流体渗流模型。 相似文献
10.
开展了不同围压下的裂隙岩体渗流试验,提出了一种简单的裂隙隙宽测量方法,并研究了渗流过程裂隙的变形特征;基于Forchheimer非线性渗流方程,计算了非线性系数及渗透率,分析了围压与非线性系数及渗透率的关系。研究结果表明,随着围压增大,岩样的渗透率减小,非线性渗流系数增大;裂隙粗糙度越大,越容易引起非线性渗流;裂隙水力开度与力学开度随围压变化趋势一致,水力开度约为力学开度的5%。 相似文献
11.
Wang Mingyu The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA Department of Water Resources Environmental Engineering China University of Geosciences Beijing Chen Jinsong Wan Li Department of Water Resources Environmental Engineering 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(3)
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＧｒｏｕｎｄｗａｔｅｒｏｒｆｌｕｉｄｆｌｏｗｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇｉｎｆｒａｃｔｕｒｅｄｒｏｃｋｓｉｓａｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｅｄｔｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌａｎｄａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｏｐｉｃ.Ｂｏｔｈｔｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌｌｙａｎｄｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ ,ｉｔｉｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｉｎｍａｎｙｆｉｅｌｄｓｓｕｃｈａｓｇｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎｄｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ ,ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇａｎｄｐｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎ… 相似文献
12.
Digital simulation of the scale effect in hydraulic conductivity 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Charles W. Rovey II. 《Hydrogeology Journal》1998,6(2):216-225
Measured hydraulic conductivity increases with the scale of testing, but the reason for this increase is not clear. Possibly,
high-conductivity heterogeneities are more effective in raising hydraulic conductivity over the regional scale than at the
local scale. Alternatively, borehole skin and storage effects, among others, can systematically bias the results of small-scale
tests; thus, the increase may simply be an artifact of the test method.
Radial-flow tests were simulated at various scales in digital models of fractured double-porosity media. The mean hydraulic
conductivity increases until the radius of influence in the test exceeds the fracture spacing. Therefore, under radial flow,
hydraulic conductivity is indeed dependent on measurement scale.
The increase in hydraulic conductivity with scale is a natural consequence of heterogeneity. Over short distances, water converging
toward a borehole must generally flow across heterogeneities. Therefore, small-scale tests tend to measure a weighted harmonic
mean of the hydraulic-conductivity field. Over a large area, however, flow is primarily along high-conductivity heterogeneities.
Therefore, large-scale tests approach a weighted arithmetic mean where high-conductivity heterogeneities have a greater influence.
Received, April 1997 Revised, January 1998 Accepted, December 1997 相似文献
13.
Variations in hydraulic conductivity with scale of measurement during aquifer tests in heterogeneous, porous carbonate rocks 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
Previous studies have shown that hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer seems to increase as the portion of the aquifer tested
increases. To date, such studies have all relied on different methods to determine hydraulic conductivity at each scale of
interest, which raises the possibility that the observed increase in hydraulic conductivity is due to the measurement method,
not to the scale. This study analyzes hydraulic conductivity with respect to scale during individual aquifer tests in porous,
heterogeneous carbonate rocks in southeastern Wisconsin, USA. Results from this study indicate that hydraulic conductivity
generally increases during an individual test as the volume of aquifer impacted increases, and the rate of this increase is
the same as the rate of increase determined by using different measurement methods. Thus, scale dependence of hydraulic conductivity
during single tests does not depend on the method of measurement. This conclusion is supported by 22 of 26 aquifer tests conducted
in porous-flow-dominated carbonate units within the aquifer. Instead, scale dependency is probably caused by heterogeneities
within the aquifer, a conclusion supported by digital simulation. All of the observed types of hydraulic-conductivity variations
with scale during individual aquifer tests can be explained by a conceptual model of a simple heterogeneous aquifer composed
of high-conductivity zones within a low-conductivity matrix.
Received, January 1997 Revised, August 1997, November 1997 Accepted, November 1997 相似文献
14.
Ali El-Naqa 《Environmental Geology》2001,40(8):973-982
This paper outlines the hydraulic characteristics of fractured rock masses and their implication in engineering works. The hydraulic behavior of subsurface fracture systems has been evaluated by means of hydraulic testing using packer tests and by fracture analysis. A comparison of the borehole results with those of surface fracture mapping provides a reasonable correlation between the two methods of measuring fractured rock hydraulic conductivity. The mean hydraulic conductivity value obtained from the boreholes is 36.5 LU (9.26᎒-5 m/s), while the mean value of hydraulic conductivity obtained from field mapping of fracture data is in the order of 1᎒-5 m/s. Based on the hydraulic conductivity values the sandstone rock mass can be considered medium to highly conductive; nevertheless, it seems to be almost impervious at greater depth. The empirical relationships which have been derived between hydraulic conductivity and both rock quality designation (RQD) and rock mass rating (RMR) indices indicated that the mean value of hydraulic conductivity of the rock mass could be estimated to be in the order of 10-5 m/s, which is confirmed by the packer tests. 相似文献
15.
Estimating the hydraulic properties of fractured aquifers is challenging due to the complexity of structural discontinuities that can generally be measured at a small scale, either in core or in outcrop, but influence groundwater flow over a range of scales. This modeling study uses fracture scanline data obtained from surface bedrock exposures to derive estimates of permeability that can be used to represent the fractured rock matrix within regional scale flow models. The model is developed using PETREL, which traditionally benefits from high resolution data sets obtained during oil and gas exploration, including for example seismic data, and borehole logging data (both lithological and geophysical). The technique consists of interpreting scanline fracture data, and using these data to generate representative Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) models for each field set. The DFN models are then upscaled to provide an effective hydraulic conductivity tensor that represents the fractured rock matrix. For each field site, the upscaled hydraulic conductivities are compared with estimates derived from pumping tests to validate the model. A hydraulic conductivity field is generated for the study region that captures the spatial variability of fracture networks in pseudo-three dimensions from scanline data. Hydraulic conductivities estimated using this approach compare well with those estimated from pumping test data. The study results suggest that such an approach may be feasible for taking small scale fracture data and upscaling these to represent the aquifer matrix hydraulic properties needed for regional groundwater modeling. 相似文献
16.
Witherspoon, P.A. and Gale, J.E., 1977. Mechanical and hydraulic properties of rocks related to induced seismicity. Eng. Geol., 11(1): 23–55.The mechanical and hydraulic properties of fractured rocks are considered with regard to the role they play in induced seismicity. In many cases, the mechanical properties of fractures determine the stability of a rock mass. The problems of sampling and testing these rock discontinuities and interpreting their non-linear behavior are reviewed. Stick slip has been proposed as the failure mechanism in earthquake events. Because of the complex interactions that are inherent in the mechanical behavior of fractured rocks, there seems to be no simple way to combine the deformation characteristics of several sets of fractures when there are significant perturbations of existing conditions. Thus, the more important fractures must be treated as individual components in the rock mass.In considering the hydraulic properties, it has been customary to treat a fracture as a parallel-plate conduit and a number of mathematical models of fracture systems have adopted this approach. Non-steady flow in fractured systems has usually been based on a two-porosity model, which assumes the primary (intergranular) porosity contributes only to storage and the secondary (fracture) porosity contributes only to the overall conductivity. Using such a model, it has been found that the time required to achieve quasi-steady state flow in a fractured reservoir is one or two orders of magnitude greater than it is in a homogeneous system. In essentially all of this work, the assumption has generally been made that the fractures are rigid.However, it is clear from a review of the mechanical and hydraulic properties that not only are fractures easily deformed but they constitute the main flow paths in many rock masses. This means that one must consider the interaction of mechanical and hydraulic effects. A considerable amount of laboratory and field data is now available that clearly demonstrates this stress-flow behavior. Two approaches have been used in attempting to numerically model such behavior: (1) continuum models, and (2) discrete models. The continuum approach only needs information as to average values of fracture spacing and material properties. But because of the inherent complexity of fractured rock masses and the corresponding decrease in symmetry, it is difficult to develop an equivalent continuum that will simulate the behavior of the entire system. The discrete approach, on the other hand, requires details of the fracture geometry and material properties of both fractures and rock matrix. The difficulty in obtaining such information has been considered a serious limitation of discrete models, but improved borehole techniques can enable one to obtain the necessary data, at least in shallow systems. The possibility of extending these methods to deeper fracture systems needs more investigation. Such data must be considered when deciding whether to use a continuum or discrete model to represent the interaction of rock and fluid forces in a fractured rock system, especially with regard to the problem of induced seismicity. When one is attempting to alter the pressure distribution in a fault zone by injection or withdrawal of fluids, the extent to which this can be achieved will be controlled in large measure by the behavior of the fractures that communicate with the borehole. Since this is essentially a point phenomenon, i.e., the changes will propagate from a relatively small region around the borehole, the use of a discrete model would appear to be preferable. 相似文献
17.
裂隙介质渗透结构表现为高度的非均质性与各项异性。为了科学有效地预测某核工程场地裂隙地下水的流动规律,揭示裂隙岩体地下水的渗流特性,笔者等采用Pilot Point调参方法与null space Monte Carlo方法（NSMC）,开展了裂隙岩体渗透结构的不确定性分析研究,构建了符合实际水文地质条件的多个渗流数值模型集合。结果表明：该方法获得的各个实现地下水位模拟结果能够与实际观测数据较好吻合,可反映工程场地裂隙地下水动力特征与流动趋势;各个实现的参数化渗透结构在空间上存在一定的差异性,但整体变化趋势是保持一致的,渗透参数的不确定性表现为在实测数据分布区域相对较低,钻孔空白区域相对较高;该方法可以弥补单一、确定性模拟结果在表征裂隙介质渗透结构方面的局限性,有效地降低模型参数的不确定性与随机性。此方法对进一步提升裂隙岩体渗流模拟精度与预测能力,深化裂隙地下水迁移规律的认识具有重要的意义。 相似文献
18.
Luke Mortimer Adnan Aydin Craig T. Simmons Graham Heinson Andrew J. Love 《Hydrogeology Journal》2011,19(7):1293-1312
Fracture network connectivity is a spatially variable property that is difficult to quantify from standard hydrogeological datasets. This critical property is related to the distributions of fracture density, orientation, dimensions, intersections, apertures and roughness. These features that determine the inherent connectivity of a fracture network can be modified by secondary processes including weathering, uplift and unloading and other mechanisms that lead to fracture deformation in response to in situ stress. This study focussed on a fractured rock aquifer in the Clare Valley, South Australia, and found that fracture network connectivity could be discriminated from several geological, geophysical and hydrogeological field datasets at various scales including single well and local- to regional-scale data. Representative hydromechanical models of the field site were not only consistent with field observations but also highlighted the strong influence of in situ stress in determining the distribution of fracture hydraulic apertures and the formation of hydraulic chokes that impede fluid flow. The results of this multi-disciplinary investigation support the notion that the hydraulic conductivity of a fracture network is limited to the least hydraulically conductive interconnected fractures, which imposes a physical limit on the bulk hydraulic conductivity of a fractured rock aquifer. 相似文献