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1.
地壳不同深度介质的地震各向异性是研究地壳不同深度范围变形方式的重要依据.鉴于地壳介质的复杂性,如何从远震体波接收函数中提取不同深度的各向异性参数仍是一个有待深入研究的课题.在已有研究的基础上,本文利用广义反射-透射系数矩阵方法计算的合成地震图,研究了复杂地壳分层各向异性介质的接收函数随反方位角(back azimuth)变化及不同层位各向异性参数对接收函数波场的影响,为各向异性介质接收函数的解释提供了新的理论依据.通过引入粒子群优化理论,发展了分层各向异性介质接收函数全局反演算法.数值及观测数据的验证结果表明,在各向同性速度模型确定的前提下,我们的方法能够可靠地提取地壳分层各向异性参数;在反演中引入曲波变换去噪技术,对于正确解析不同层位的各向异性参数具有重要价值. 相似文献
2.
IntroductionSince1980(s,theteleseismicreceiverfunctionhasbeenbroadlyappliedtoexploringthecrustalanduppermantlestructure.Thatthismethoddrawssomanyattentionsisnotonlybecauseitscheapercostandhighverticalresolution,butalsobecauseitcanbeusedforexploringthelateralvariationofthecrustalstructure.IntheUSnationalresearchprogramofthecontinentaldynamicsmuchemphasiswasgiventothereceiverfunctionmethod(Phinney,1989).Uptonow,the1-Dreceiverfunctioninversiontechniquehasbecomesophisticatedandmanypracticalresul… 相似文献
3.
系统研究了台站下方存在倾斜界面时,远震体波接收函数的波场特征及多方位接收函数对台站下方介质横向非均匀特征的反映能力．我们利用合成三维横向非均匀介质接收函数的Maslov方法,具体模拟了台站下方存在倾斜界面时的接收函数响应．结果表明,当台站下方存在倾向一致的倾斜界面时,远震体波接收函数的径向分量和切向分量分别随震源方位角的变化呈现对称和反对称的规律性变化．利用不同震源方位角接收函数径向分量和切向分量的变化规律,可以估计台站下方界面的倾向和倾角．当台站下方各界面的倾向不同时,随方位角的变化,接收函数只能直观给出界面的整体倾向．实际观测数据的分析结果表明,对于利用单个台站接收函数研究台站下方介质的横向非均匀特征来说,简单倾斜界面可以看作较好的一级近似． 相似文献
4.
背景噪声成像能够为地壳内部结构提供地震波速的观测证据,能够增进对地壳结构与物性的认识.本文利用背景噪声成像方法对合肥-金华流动地震台阵55个台站数据进行了分析反演,获得了华北克拉通与华南块体东部构造边界附近区域的地壳S波速度与径向各向异性结构.成像结果表明,以东经118°-118.5°附近为界,西北部表现为地壳低速异常和中下地壳正的径向各向异性,东南部表现为地壳高速异常,下部地壳存在负的径向各向异性.由此,本文推测地震波速结构差异反映了地壳内部物质与温度的差异,这种差异与两个地区自中生代晚期以来经历了截然不同的岩浆活动相关. 相似文献
5.
The crustal structures of the central Longmenshan along and its margins as related to the seismotectonics of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
JIA ShiXu LIU BaoJin XU ZhaoFan LIU Zhi FENG ShaoYing ZHANG JianShi LIN JieYan TIAN XiaoFeng LIU QiaoXia &GUO WenBin 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(4):777-790
In 2010, a 500-km-long wide-angle reflection/refraction seismic profile was completed, running northwest from the central Sichuan Basin. This profile orthogonally crosses the meizoseismal area of great Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, which occurred in the central part of the Longmenshan. The profile also passes through the northwestern Sichuan Plateau, along which a new deep seismic sounding observation system was set up that was much improved over previous datasets and enabled abundant observations to be recorded. Seismic wave phase records that reflect the structural characteristics of different tectonic blocks, especially the complicated phase features associated with the Wenchuan earthquake, were calculated and analyzed in detail. A 2D crustal P-wave velocity model for the orogenic belt in the central Longmenshan and its margins was determined, and crustal structure differences between the stable Sichuan Basin and the thickened northwestern Sichuan Plateau were characterized. Lithological variations within the upper and lower crust in the interior of the plateau, especially a great velocity decrease and plastic rheological properties associated with strong lithologic weakening in lower crust, were detected. From west to east in the lower crust beneath the orogenic belt lying between the Sichuan Basin and the northwestern Sichuan Plateau, a giant shovel-like upwelling is observed that dips gently in the lower part and at higher angles in the upper part; this is inferred to be related to the fault systems in the central Longmenshan. An upwelling in the upper-middle crust along the eastern margin of the orogenic belt is associated with steeply dipping thrusts that strongly uplift the upper crust and crystalline basement beneath a central fault system in the Longmenshan. The data, combined with an understanding of the regional tectonic stress field and previous geological results, enable a discussion of basin-and-range coupling, orogenic tectonics, the crustal fault system, and the seismogenic tectonic environment of the central Longmenshan along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 相似文献
6.
GAO Jian YANG Yi-hai HUANG Shi-yuan YANG Cong ZHANG Yuan-sheng LIU Cun-xi LI Shao-rui HUA Qian 《地震地质》1979,42(1):147-162
The receiver function which carries the information of crustal materials is often used to study the shear-wave velocity of the crust as well as the crustal anisotropy. However, because of the low signal-to-noise ratio in Pms(P-to-S converted phase from the Moho), the crustal anisotropy obtained by shear-wave splitting technique for a single receiver function usually has large errors in general. Recent advance in the analysis method based on Pms arrival time varying with the back-azimuth change can effectively overcome the above defects. Thus in this paper, we utilize the azimuth variations of the Pms to study the crustal anisotropy in Chongqing region for the first time. According to the earthquake catalogue provided by USGS, seismic waveform of earthquakes with magnitude larger than 5.5 and epicenter distance range of 30°~90° between January 2015 and December 2016 are collected from 14 broadband seismic stations of Chongqing seismic network. We carry out the bootstrap resampling to test the reliability of the radial maximum energy method for the observation data. In addition, we also applied the receiver function H-Kappa analysis in this paper to study the crustal thickness and Poisson's ratio.
Our results show the crustal thickness ranges from 40~50km, and there is a thin and thick crust in the southern and northern Chongqing, respectively. The crustal average Poisson's ratio ranges from 0.23~0.31, the Poisson's ratio reaches the maximum value in the central part of Chongqing, while the Poisson's ratio in the northern and southern parts of Chongqing is obviously low. We obtain the crustal anisotropy from 9 stations in total. The delay time of crustal anisotropy distributes between 0.08s and 0.48s, with the average value of 0.22s. Among them, the CHS, QIJ and WAZ stations in central Chongqing have relatively large crustal delay time(>0.3s), followed by ROC station in the western Chongqing(0.25s), while the delay time in CHK station in northern Chongqing and WAS station in southern Chongqing are 0.08s, showing relatively weak crustal anisotropy. The fast polarization directions(FPDs)also change obviously from south to north. In southern Chongqing, FPDs are dominant in NNE-SSW and NEE-SWW, while the FPDs in WAZ station change to NWW-SEE, and the FPDs appear to be NW-SE in CHK in the northern Chongqing. In general, the FPDs are sub-parallel to the strikes of faults in most areas of Chongqing areas.
Combined with other results from GPS observations, tectonic stress field and XKS splitting measurements, the main conclusions can be suggested as following:The cracks preferred orientation in the upper crust is not the main source of crustal anisotropy in Chongqing area. The crust and lithospheric upper mantle in the eastern Sichuan fold belt(ESFB)and Sichuan-Guizhou fault fold belt(SGFFB)are decoupled, and the deformation characteristics in the north and south parts of ESFB and SGFFB is different. The complex tectonic deformation may exist beneath the mountain-basin boundary, causing the fast directions of crustal anisotropy different from that in other areas of ESFB and SGFFB. The faults with different strikes may weaken the strength of average crustal anisotropy in some areas. The crustal deformation in southern Dabashan nappe belt(DNB)may be mainly controlled by the fault structure. 相似文献
7.
使用接收函数研究壳幔速度间断面和速度结构已是常用的技术,但介质各向异性或倾斜的莫霍(Moho)界面,都会造成接收函数波形的复杂性。本文利用远震P波接收函数计算台站下方的地壳各向异性,通过信噪比测试和谐波分析两种方法来验证各向异性结果的可靠性。通过甘肃地震台网的两个台站记录,讨论各向异性和倾斜界面对接收函数的影响,结果显示,台站BYT(白银)下方具有各向异性,而台站WYT(渭源)下方由于可能存在倾斜界面,得到的各向异性结果则有待进一步分析。为了更好地认识倾斜界面对各向异性计算结果的影响,采用合成理论地震图,计算接收函数,然后利用合成接收函数进行各向异性分析。结果表明,计算得到的快波方向不会受到倾斜界面的影响,但是时间延迟会受到影响。 相似文献
8.
收集了安徽、江西、浙江、江苏、湖北和河南6个省的区域地震台网138个宽频地震台站以及中国地质大学(北京)在长江中下游成矿带布设的19个流动宽频地震台站的三分量背景噪声数据,利用背景噪声面波层析成像方法,获得了长江中下游成矿带及其邻区地壳三维剪切波速度结构和径向各向异性特征.首先获得了5~38s周期的瑞利波和勒夫波相速度,结果显示短周期(16s)的瑞利波和勒夫波相速度与研究区内的主要地质构造单元具有良好的相关性,但在中长周期(20~30s)瑞利波相速度显示大别造山带东部为明显低速特征,而勒夫波相速度并未表现出异常特征.研究区域地壳三维有效剪切波速度和径向各向异性结果显示:苏北盆地和江汉盆地上地壳都表现为低速和正径向各向异性特征,华北克拉通东南部也表现为正径向各向异性,这可能与盆地浅部沉积层的水平层理结构相关.大别造山带中地壳显示为弱的正径向各向异性,同时其东部下地壳显示为低剪切波速度和强的正径向各向特征,可能是由于其在造山后发生了中下地壳的流变变形,引起各向异性矿物近水平排列所导致的.长江中下游成矿带内的鄂东南和安庆—贵池矿集区中地壳弱的负径向各向异性可能是由于深部岩浆向上渗透时所产生的有限应力导致结晶各向异性矿物的垂直排列所引起的.整个长江中下游成矿带下地壳都表现出正径向各向异性特征,可能是由于在伸展拉张的构造作用力下,下地壳矿物的晶格优势水平排列所引起的. 相似文献
9.
造山带地区的复合力系作用往往使Moho界面发生变形,局部表现为倾斜状态.为了得到这些区域精确地壳速度比结构,本文基于H-κ方法发展了H-κ-θ方法.该方法不仅考虑了倾斜Moho层的响应,同时利用径向和切向接收函数信息,增加了对扫描的约束.利用该方法对青藏高原东南缘地壳厚度和速度比结构进行研究,结果表明：研究区内地壳明显存在不均匀性,松潘—甘孜地体平均地壳厚度约为60 km,四川盆地西缘约为47 km,扬子地台约为43 km,三江块体和扬子地台东南缘已接近正常地壳厚度;松潘—甘孜地体与扬子地台相邻部位地壳平均地震波速度比（Vp/Vs）普遍偏高,且四川盆地西侧发现一绕盆地边缘的弧形高Vp/Vs异常区（>1.88）,我们推测该异常可能由青藏高原向东逃逸的地壳流体受到高强度的四川盆地阻挡,在其西侧堆积所致. 相似文献
10.
本文利用宽频流动台阵记录的远震波形资料和接收函数波动方程叠后偏移方法,获得了华北克拉通东北部边界及其邻近地区的地壳和地幔转换带的间断面结构图像.结果显示研究区域的地壳厚度存在显著的横向变化:以南北重力梯度带为界,西北部的兴蒙造山带地壳较厚(~40 km),东南部的燕山带、松辽盆地和辽东台隆地壳明显较薄(30~35 km).这有可能反映,研究区南北重力梯度带两侧地壳在中-新生代区域构造伸展过程中经历了不同程度的改造和减薄.地幔转换带成像结果显示,研究区410 km和660 km间断面结构存在横向差异.经度121°E-122°E之间,上地幔底部出现双重间断面,深度分别为660 km和690 km.经度122.5°E以东(北黄海地区),410 km间断面有5~20 km幅度的下沉,660 km间断面有5~15 km幅度的抬升;该地区地幔转换带厚度相对全球平均偏薄10~20 km,指示着该地区较热的上地幔底部温度环境.我们认为太平洋俯冲板块可能停滞在研究区119°E-122°E经度范围的地幔转换带中,但未延伸至118°E以西;而俯冲板块在124°E以东可能局部穿透了上地幔底部而进入下地幔,同时引起小尺度的地幔对流,导致北黄海地区下地幔物质的上涌. 相似文献
11.
增强接收函数偏移图像的垂向分辨率意味着提高参与叠加的接收函数的频率,但是采用高频接收函数通常伴随着对接收函数质量和参考速度模型的更高要求.通过叠加处理可去除部分接收函数中的随机噪声干扰,但同一台站的接收函数之间经常存在难以通过简单叠加消除的噪声信号.压制接收函数随机噪声的干扰可加强成像效果和提高图像分辨率,对推进叠加偏移成像质量的提高有重要的实际意义.本文利用在川西地区布设的31个流动台站所记录的远震波形数据,使用曲波变换去噪后信噪比增强的接收函数进行共转换点叠加(CCP),获得沿北纬31°线下方800km深度范围内速度间断面图像.研究结果表明:(1)对接收函数进行曲波变换去噪,可压制随机噪声,增强转换震相的追踪性,提高数据信噪比;(2)通过去噪处理,大幅提高接收函数用于偏移成像的主频率;(3)偏移结果确认了接收函数反演得到的松潘和川滇块体下方具有厚度约10～20km的过渡性Moho的认识;(4)上地幔过渡带的结果预示在龙门山断裂带以西的小范围内有可能存在下地壳或上地幔物质的拆沉. 相似文献
12.
穿透含裂隙、裂缝地壳8s视周期的SV波的理论地震图研究表明,当地壳平均裂隙密度高于0.01即横波各向异性高于1%时,非对称面内不同方位的SKS波均发生分裂;地震图中直接的记录显示是切向T分量上出现SKS波的振动,其振幅随地壳平均裂隙密度的增大而增强,甚至能与径向R分量上的振幅相当.局限于上地壳的强裂缝各向异性同样能引起SKS分裂.长周期SKS波分裂对地壳内裂隙、裂缝的分布缺乏分辨率.直立平行排列裂隙、裂缝使得SKS分裂T分量记录特征具有方位对称性,这来自于HTI介质中快、慢波偏振和到时差随方位变化的对称性;而倾斜裂隙、裂缝使得该方位对称性丧失.对实际观测SKS分裂的偏振解释需要考虑地壳裂隙各向异性,特别是断裂附近的强裂缝各向异性. 相似文献
13.
青藏东缘和东北缘是高原生长和扩张的前缘,研究其地下物质及变形特征有助于理解青藏高原生长机制.本文收集187个固定地震台站记录的长达7年的三分量连续波形数据,辅以189个流动台站3年的数据,开展噪声瑞利波和勒夫波群速度层析成像工作.基于8～40 s周期瑞利波和勒夫波群速度,通过线性反演方法得到地下50 km深度范围的三维SH和SV速度结构.我们定义径向各向异性ψ=2(v_(SH)-v_(SV))/(v_(SH)+v_(SV)),以此来展示地下物质变形以水平方向(v_(SH)v_(SV))还是垂直方向(v_(SH)v_(SV))为主.径向各向异性显示青藏高原东缘和东北缘具有完全不同的变形机制.青藏东北缘以垂向变形为主,地壳流模型不太可能是该区域主要的变形机制.青藏东缘以水平变形为主,支持中下地壳流变模型.柴达木盆地和四川盆地下方径向各向异性差异显著,说明高原边缘稳定的地块在高原扩展中起到不同的作用. 相似文献
14.
倾斜界面与各向异性介质均可使接收函数的切向分量产生明显的能量.通过对不同模型的理论接收函数的研究,可以发现倾斜界面产生的接收函数切向分量与各向异性介质产生的接收函数切向分量具有显著的差异,主要表现在到时差与周期性上.利用各向异性和倾斜界面造成的切向分量不同的周期性,可以通过加权叠加的方法突出各向异性或倾斜界面的影响,并可对接收函数径向、切向分量进行波形互相关计算,获取各向异性分裂参数.通过对布设于红河断裂附近的4个三分量宽频带流动台站的接收函数莫霍面Ps震相的研究,获得红河断裂附近的地壳各向异性快波方向为132°,快慢波时间延迟为024s.地壳各向异性快波方向与红河断裂带构造走向一致,与上地幔各向异性的快波方向相差近90°,表明红河断裂地区地壳与上地幔构造可能存在解耦现象. 相似文献
15.
Receiver functions of teleseismic waveforms recorded at four Hungarian permanent broadband stations have been analyzed using
semilinearized and stochastic inversion methods to estimate the crustal thickness and S wave velocity structure in the Pannonian
Basin. The results of both inversion methods agree well with the crustal thicknesses obtained by previous seismic refraction
and reflection studies in the regions which are densely covered with seismic lines (28 and 27 km in westernmost and southern
Hungary, respectively) and suggest a thicker crust compared to what was known before beneath the Transdanubian and Northern
Ranges (34 and 33 km, respectively). The comparison of the one-dimensional shear wave velocity models derived by the different
inversion methods shows that, in case of simple, smoothly varying structures, the results do not differ significantly and
can be regarded as absolute velocities. Otherwise, the recovered velocity gradients agree, but there are differences in the
absolute velocity values. The back-azimuthal variations of both radial and tangential receiver functions are interpreted as
dipping structure and as waves sampling different geological areas. The signature of the deep structure on low-frequency receiver
functions suggests a strong velocity contrast at the 670-km discontinuity. The vanishing 410-km boundary may be attributed
to the remnant of a subducted oceanic slab with increased Poisson’s ratio in the transition zone. 相似文献
16.
青藏高原东缘及四川盆地的壳幔导电性结构研究 总被引：24，自引：16，他引：8
自从2008年MS8.0级汶川大地震发生以来,青藏高原东缘便成为地质与地球物理研究的热点区域.该区域的龙门山断裂带标志着青藏高原东缘与四川盆地的边界.汶川地震即发生于龙门山断裂带内的映秀-北川断裂上.该地区现有的研究工作多集中于青藏高原东缘及四川盆地的西部,对四川盆地东部构造情况的研究目前较少.在SinoProbe项目的资助下,完成了一条跨越青藏高原东缘及整个四川盆地的大地电磁测深剖面.该剖面自西北始于青藏高原内部的松潘-甘孜地块,向东南延伸穿过龙门山断裂带、四川盆地内部及四川盆地东部的华蓥山断裂,最终止于重庆东南的川东滑脱褶皱带附近.维性分析表明剖面数据整体二维性较好,通过二维反演得到了最终的电性结构模型.该模型表明,从电性结构上看,沿剖面可分为三个主要的电性结构单元,分别为:浅部高阻、中下地壳低阻的松潘-甘孜地块,浅部低阻、中下地壳相对高阻的四川盆地,以及华蓥山以东整体为高阻特征的扬子克拉通地块.龙门山断裂带在电性结构上表现为倾角较缓、北西倾向的逆冲低阻体,反映了青藏高原东缘相对四川盆地的推覆作用.其在地下向青藏高原内部延伸,深度约为20 km左右.在标志逆冲推覆滑脱面的低阻层下存在一电性梯度带,表征着低阻的青藏高原中下地壳与高阻的扬子地壳之间的电性转换.位于四川盆地东边界的华蓥山断裂在电性结构上表现为一倾向为南东向的低阻体插入高阻的扬子克拉通结晶基底,切割深度约为30 km左右.这一结构反映出华蓥山向西的推覆作用.在电性结构模型的基础上,进一步讨论了青藏高原东缘的壳内物质流、青藏块体与扬子块体的深部关系以及青藏高原东部的隆升机制等构造问题. 相似文献
17.
在各向异性地壳中,来自Moho的P-to-S转换波(Pms)的到时不仅取决于入射角和地壳厚度,而且还随地震事件方位角而变化.地处青藏高原东南缘的川滇地区,地壳变形十分强烈.本文利用川滇地区的108个固定台站记录的远震三分量地震波形数据提取台站下方的P波接收函数,并把接收函数被校正到了同一参考震中距处(例如67°).然后按后方位角10°为间隔将接收函数叠加成一道信号以增强信噪比,并从叠加信号里拾取不同后方位角对应的Pms相的观测到时.在快波极化方向和分裂时间构成的解的平面上,能使观测到时与理论到时之差最小的点即为所求的分裂参数的位置.合成地震图和实际观测数据的实验表明,这个方法不但稳定性较好,而且误差估计也较小.我们从108个台中获得了96个Pms相的分裂参数,结果表明,川滇地区地壳各向异性十分强烈,Pms相分裂时间在0.05s±0.06s到1.27s±0.10s之间,平均值为0.54s±0.12s.地壳各向异性的快波极化方向与地表GPS速度场的差异性表明,印支块体的上下地壳之间是解耦的,而川滇菱形块体北部、松藩—甘孜和四川盆地的上下地壳之间是耦合的.然而,川滇菱形块体南部,地壳变形主要受控于小江断裂和金沙江—红河断裂. 相似文献
18.
利用蒙古中南部地区布设的69套宽频带数字地震仪2011年8月—2013年7月记录的远震事件,使用时间域反褶积方法提取接收函数,并挑选高质量Pms震相,通过改进的剪切波分裂方法对研究区地壳各向异性参数进行了研究,最终获取了1473对各向异性参数.经过统计分析,有48个台站可以归纳出两个方向的各向异性,11台站得到单个方向的各向异性,而剩余10个台站各向异性方向比较发散.结果显示,各向异性在蒙古中南部地壳中呈不均匀分布,有54个台站得到了NE-SW向各向异性,快波偏振方向平均值为N58°E±16°,与最大水平主应力σHmax方向和区域内主要断层走向一致,说明这部分地壳各向异性的主要成因存在于上地壳,可能与流体填充的微裂隙有关.而NW-SE向各向异性在53个台站被观测到,各向异性方向变化范围平均N132°E±16°,与研究区大部分SKS分裂快波方向具有较好的一致性,说明下地壳成岩矿物晶体定向排列是各向异性的主要成因.研究区地壳各向异性的分层特征总体上支持岩石圈受到NE-SW向挤压的动力学模型. 相似文献
19.
Teleseismic receiver function using stacking and smoothing of multi seismic-records at a single station 
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下载免费PDF全文 Receiver functions (RFs) obtained using teleseismic wave records at a seismic station and synthetic seismograms indicate that RF with a single teleseismic wave record is related to the selection of record section and to the calculating parameters of the RF. The scatter noise contained in the seismogram also affects the quality of RF. A new method for calculating receiver function, stacking and smoothing multi-seismic records in a single station, is presented in this paper. The RF results using some records and some synthetic seismograms with different noises indicate prominent mantle discontinuity and thus prove that the method is effective and satisfied. 相似文献
20.
Azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh waves beneath the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The crustal and upper mantle azimuthal anisotropy of the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas was studied by Rayleigh wave tomography. We collected sufficient broadband digital seismograms trav-ersing the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas from available stations, including especially some data from the temporary stations newly deployed in Yunnan, eastern Tibet, and western Sichuan. They made an adequate path coverage in most regions to achieve a reasonable resolution for the inversion. The model resolution tests show that the anisotropic features of scope greater than 400 km and strength greater than 2% are reliable. The azimuthal anisotropy pattern inside the Tibetan Plateau was similar to the characteristic of tectonic partition. The crustal anisotropy strength is greater than 2% in most re-gions of East Tibet, and the anisotropy shows clockwise rotation surrounding the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Vertically, the anisotropy direction indicates a coherent pattern within the upper crust, lower crust, and lithosphere mantle of the Tibetan Plateau, which also is consistent with GPS velocity field and SKS fast polarization directions. The result supports that the crust-mantle deformation beneath the Tibetan Plateau is vertically coherent. The anisotropy strength of crust and lithospheric upper mantle in Yunnan outside the Tibetan Plateau is lower than 2%, so SKS splitting from core-mantle boundary to station should largely be attributed to the anisotropy of asthenosphere. 相似文献