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1.
青藏块体东北缘现今构造形变与蕴震特征 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
利用青藏块体东北缘近30年的精密水准网、跨断层形变测量网复测资料，以及近年来GPS观测分析结果，结合地质构造与地震活动，初步研究和探讨了区域构造形变与强震蕴育的一些特征．结果表明:① 本区现今构造形变时空分布很不均匀:主要边界断裂附近构造形变相对强烈，远离则衰减．垂直差异运动强度和变形状态随时间演变，水平运动与变形呈明显的挤压走滑特征；② 印度板块的北推碰撞引起的青藏块体持续NE 向挤压运动所产生的构造应力场，是本区构造形变与地震蕴育的主控应力．构造形变及地震活动的时空分布演化，与块体活动及区域构造应力场动态演化密切相关；③ 构造块体边界地带出现的垂直形变异常隆起与高梯度形变带，以及显著地断层形变异常，是块体运动受阻、构造应力场强化而蕴育强震的一个标志，往往伴随有６级左右及以上强震活动，但地震并不一定发生在运动幅度最大的部位．断层形变异常呈现趋势积累——加速——转折变化特征的地段及附近，往往是应变能积累、强震蕴育发生的场所． 相似文献
2.
本文根据近年来对青藏高原广泛开展的考察所积累起来的实际材料,以板块构造观点,简要讨论了青藏高原主要构造特征。文章以地质历史、沉积特征、冈瓦纳相沉积、蛇绿岩套、混杂岩和外来岩块的分布、变形特征、岩浆活动的规律以及雅鲁藏布江两侧变质带的特点,论证了喜马拉雅地区板块活动的方式和特征,对喜马拉雅运动进行了分期并对各期运动的性质作了分析。文章提出了冈瓦纳大陆的北界可能是班公湖—东巧构造带以及雅鲁藏布江构造带在中生代拉开、早第三纪闭合机制的新设想 相似文献
3.
前人研究表明喜马拉雅造山带西部出露的拉昂错蛇绿混杂岩为新特提斯洋壳岩石圈的一部分,代表了新特提斯洋的关闭及其随后大洋岩石圈物质的仰冲.鉴于拉昂错蛇绿岩的构造演化历史尚不明确,前期对于拉昂错蛇绿岩带构造归属的研究主要基于岩石学研究和地表地质调查等,缺少精细的深部地壳结构进行运动学指示,因此证明拉昂错蛇绿混杂岩体的构造归属并非易事.本次研究中,我们对前期获得的一条南北向延伸穿过雅鲁藏布江缝合带和喜马拉雅造山带西部拉昂错蛇绿岩体的112 km长的深反射地震剖面进行了构造解释.高分辨率的深反射地震剖面清晰地显示了喜马拉雅山脉西部造山带内发育良好的地壳双冲构造几何结构,该地壳尺度双冲构造将印度俯冲地壳物质从底部运移到上部.同时,地震剖面还显示拉昂错蛇绿岩体和雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩体在上地壳深处呈倾向相反但底部相通的结构构造.结合前人的岩石学/地球化学/地表地质研究成果,我们认为拉昂错蛇绿岩体为雅鲁藏布江缝合带蛇绿岩体的一部分.印度俯冲前缘的双冲构造折返将深部物质带到地表过程的同时,还将部分雅鲁藏布江蛇绿混杂岩携带至南侧距主缝合带位置大约20 km的拉昂错蛇绿岩区域. 相似文献
4.
为了探测西藏高原南部雅鲁藏布江缝合带地区地壳浅部和深部构造沿东西和南北方向的变化特征,在雅鲁藏布江缝合带地区布设了三条南北向剖面(错那—墨竹工卡、亚东—雪古拉、吉隆—措勤),采用超宽频带大地电磁测深方法进行了地壳、上地幔电性结构探测研究,发现该区主要电性结构特征为：1. 雅鲁藏布江缝合带附近表层发育大规模的高阻体,岩体延伸最深达30km以上,是冈底斯花岗岩体的反映. 2. 雅鲁藏布江缝合带的南部有小规模的良导体,在其下方和北侧发育有大规模良导体. 3. 沿剖面从南往北壳内普遍发育良导体,各良导体主体间是不连续的,规模逐渐增大,总体北倾,在缝合带附近产状较陡. 4. 在雅鲁藏布江缝合带附近良导体由西往东规模逐渐增大,导电性逐渐变好,相对雅鲁藏布江在剖面上的位置逐渐南移. 这些重要的电性特征可能是印度板块向北俯冲所形成的,深部大规模的良导体特征沿东西向的差异可能是板块碰撞引起物质沿东西向运移作用的结果. 相似文献
5.
中国活动构造基本特征 总被引：168，自引：9，他引：168
最近20年来我国活动构造研究进入了定量研究阶段, 并取得了很大的进展. 总结这些定量研究成果, 编制了1∶400万中国活动构造图, 尽可能详尽地表示了活动断裂、活动褶皱、活动盆地、活动块体、火山和地震等不同类型的活动构造及其运动学参数, 总结了中国活动构造的基本特征. 喜马拉雅和台湾为板块现代活动边界构造带, 活动强烈, 断裂滑动速率大于15 mm/a; 大陆板内地区构造活动以块体运动为特征, 可以划分出不同级别的地壳和岩石圈块体, 其中以青藏、新疆和华北断块区现代构造活动最为强烈; 各区200多条活动构造带的运动学特征表明, 板内构造活动是一种有限制的低速率块体运动, 块体边界构造带的水平滑动速率一般小于10 mm/a, 最大为10~15 mm/a, 因而不支持高速率滑动的逃逸理论. 相似文献
6.
镶嵌构造是张伯声教授提出来的。他认为地壳是被一些活动构造带分割成许多大小不等形状不一和厚薄有别的块体。对于新疆来说,这一点比较明显。从大尺度来看,天山相当于一个活动构造带,其两侧的准葛尔盆地和塔里木盆地相当于两个块体。从小尺度看,天山内部还可以划分出一些次级活动带和次级块体。上述不同块体的交界带往往就是地震活动带。 相似文献
7.
近10年华北地壳水平运动的若干特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据近10年华北网高精度GPS复测资料、“中国地壳运动观测网络”GPS复测资料、山西断陷带的GPS资料等，分析了华北地区最近10年来地壳水平运动状态与演化，结果表明：①燕山构造带(张渤带)是华北地区水平应变最大的活动构造带，相邻块体的趋势性差异运动以燕山块体与华北平原块体之间为最大，约2mm／a(左旋)；②华北地区周边差异性水平运动最显著的特征为该区西界中北段(银川等活动构造带组成)呈右旋走滑活动，南段以压性活动状态为主，该区北界西段的阴山断陷带以拉张活动为主，其它各界带的差异活动均不太明显；③从整体上看，每个时段的结果均有所不同，这其中除了误差因素外，可能还包含着运动的非线性成分。与此同时，文中也给出了华北各个块体、边界带不同时段的相对运动和应变结果。 相似文献
8.
9.
青藏高原北部地区构造变形特征及与强震关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对1993～1999、1999～2001年青藏高原北部地区GPS水平运动资料的非震负位错模型反演和形变应变场时空演化分析,结合地质构造和有资料积累以来的强震活动,研究块体及边界带的构造变形特征,以及与强震孕育的关系．结果表明：(1)5级以上,特别是6级左右及6级以上地震多发生在区域应变场剪切应变率或面膨胀率高值区、边缘或其附近,尤其是与区域主干断裂构造运动一致的剪切应变率高值区;形变差异显著的块体边界附近;沿块体边界断裂带的高应变积累的闭锁区段及其附近．(2)1999～2001年较1993～1999年大范围的水平运动速率明显减弱,但应变率的减弱幅度不大,可能揭示昆仑山口西8．1大震孕育对北东向的构造应力传递起了某种“阻隔和调制作用”及太平洋板块的西进作用加强．(3)目前应变场分布高值区、块体间差异运动显著的边界带及高应变积累闭锁段有阿尼玛卿断裂中东段与鄂拉山断裂交汇区、祁连山构造带中东段及与海原断裂西段交汇区、日月山一拉脊山断裂与西秦岭北缘断裂交汇区、庄浪河断裂与西秦岭北缘断裂交汇区、六盘山断裂附近． 相似文献
10.
基于数字高程模型对亚东-谷露构造带第四纪活动习性的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用数字高程模型(DEM)，对亚东-谷露构造带进行了三维地貌合成，通过对地貌面、盆地形态和地形剖面的研究，并在结合地表构造分析的基础上，以雅鲁藏布江为界将亚东-谷露构造带分为南、北二段。南段自亚东至雅鲁藏布江，地形坡度东陡西缓，总体表现为东侧断陷活动较强的特征；北段自雅鲁藏布江至谷露北，地形坡度西陡东缓，地堑主要受其西边界断裂的控制，东边界断陷活动相对较弱。构造带南段伸展规模和最大垂直位错都不亚于北段，南段和北段构造活动性相当。构造带发生多次强烈断陷作用，在盆地两侧形成不对称发育的多级层状地貌面，构造带同时具有左旋张剪性质。 相似文献
11.
EVIDENCES OF THE LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF THE ANGREN SEGMENT OF THE YARLUNG TSANGPO FAULT ZONE 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Yarlung Tsangbo fault zone, one of the most important geological interfaces in the Yarlung Tsangbo suture zone which is a huge geotectonic boundary with nearly east-west-trending in southern Tibet Plateau, has undergone a long-term tectonic evolution. Studying this fault zone can help us understand the development and evolution history of the suture zone and the tectonic mechanism of subduction-collision about the Tibet Plateau, so it has always been a hot topic in the field of geology. Most of existing data suggest that the current tectonic activity in southern Tibet is given priority to the rift system with nearly north-south-trending, and the Yarlung Tsangbo fault zone with nearly east-west-trending has relatively weaker activity since late Quaternary. There are only some evidences of Holocene activity found in the Lulang town section near eastern Himalayan syntaxis, and there are few reports about the reliable geological evidences of late Quaternary activity of the section on the west of Milin County of the fault zone.
Based on image interpretation, field investigation and chronological method, we found several fault profiles along the Yarlung Tsangbo fault zone near the Angren Lake in this study. These profiles reveal that loose fault gouge has been developed on the fault plane which nearly extends to the surface and offsets the loess sediments and its overlying alluvial-proluvial gravels. The loess is characterized by coarser grains, higher content of fine sand and tiny small gravels. The results of the two OSL dating samples collected in the loess are(94.68±6.51)ka and(103.84±5.14)ka respectively, showing that the loess revealed at the Angren site should be the middle-late Pleistocene sand loess distributed on the high-terraces along the Yarlung Tsangpo River. Consequently, the Angren segment of the Yarlung Tsangpo fault zone is active since the late Quaternary. In addition, synchronous left-lateral offsets of a series of small gullies and beheaded gullies can be seen near the profiles along the fault, which are the supporting evidence for the late Quaternary activity of the fault.
However, the segment with obvious geomorphology remains is relatively short, and no evidence of late Quaternary activity have been found in other sections on the west of Milin County of the Yarlung Tsangpo fault zone. Existing data show that, in the southern Tibet, a series of near NS-trending rift systems are strongly active since the late Quaternary, cutting almost all of the near east-west-trending tectonic belts including the Yarlung Tsangpo fault zone. In addition, majority of the earthquakes occurring in southern Tibet are related to the NS-trending rift systems. Tectonic images show that the Angren segment locates between the Shenzha-Dingjie rift and the Dangreyong Lake-Gu Lake rift. These two adjacent rifts are special in the rift system in southern Tibet:Firstly, the two rifts are located in the conversion position of the trend of the whole rift system; Secondly, the size of the two rifts varies significantly between the north side and the south side of the Yarlung Tsangbo fault zone. Thirdly, the Shenzha-Dingjie rift seems to be of right-lateral bending, while the Dangreyong Lake-Gu Lake rift shows left-lateral bending. These characteristics may lead to the fact that the amount of absorption and accommodation of the rift activities in the north side of the Yarlung Tsangbo fault zone is larger than that in the south side during the migration of the plateau materials, leading to the differential movement of the block between the two sides of the fault zone. Therefore, the Yarlung Tsangbo fault zone possesses the accommodating tectonic activity, of course, the intensity of this accommodating activity is limited and relatively weaker, which may be the reason why it is difficult to find large-scale tectonic remains characterizing the late Quaternary activity along the fault zone. The scale of the rift system in southern Tibet is systematically different between the two sides of the Yarlung Tsangbo fault zone, so it cannot be ruled out that there are also weak activities similar to the Angren segment in other sections of the fault zone. 相似文献
12.
观测的证据充分表明,印度——欧亚的缝合带雅鲁藏布江上存在自南向北的地壳俯冲带,它穿过莫霍面,深度大约达到100 km. 喜马拉雅中可能存在多重的地壳俯冲. 它们有别于海洋碰撞时所产生的整个岩石圈俯冲. 作者观测到雅鲁藏布江以北上地幔的板片构造,它可以解释为印度向欧亚俯冲时上地幔岩石圈的痕迹. 它们说明与洋——陆的俯冲不同,印度向欧亚俯冲时,地壳与上地幔岩石圈出现拆层现象. 综合现有的地壳上地幔构造,显示在不同地质年代中,印度与欧亚之间产生自南向北以及自北向南相反方向的俯冲,而且俯冲带周围出现某些速度异常区. 相似文献
13.
Ample observational evidence shows that there is a northward crustal subduction zone underneath the Yarlung Zangbo suture between India and Eurasia. It penetrates Moho to a depth of about 100 km. There are probably multiple such crustal subductions under the Himalayas. They are different from lithosphere subduction during oceanic collisions. The detected slabs in the upper mantle north of the Yarlung Zangbo suture can be interpreted as remains of the Indian Plate’s mantle lithosphere. In contrary to ocean-continent subduction, the mantle lithosphere is delaminated from the crust as the Indian Plate subducts underneath Eurasia. Existing structural images of the crust and upper mantle of the Tibetan Plateau reveal that there were both northward and southward subductions over different geological periods, causing some seismic velocity anomalies around those subduction zones. 相似文献
14.
Introduction Major tectonic activities occur in collisions zones between plates or intra-plate continental blocks. Therefore, it is significant to investigate collision processes. We know that orogenic and seismic belts in plate margins are closely relate… 相似文献
15.
YANG Xiao-ping WANG Ping LI Xiao-feng XIE Chao ZHOU Ben-gang HUANG Xiong-nan 《地震地质》2019,41(2):419-435
The eastern Himalaya syntaxis is located at the southeastern end of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is the area where the Eurasian plate collides and converges with the Indian plate. The Namjabawa is the highest peak in the eastern section of the Himalayas, and the Yarlung Zangbo River gorge is around the Namjabawa Peak. The NE-striking Aniqiao Fault with right-lateral strike-slip is the eastern boundary fault of the Namjabawa syntaxis. Motuo Fault is in the east of and parallel to the Aniqiao Fault, distributing along the valley of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The section of Yarlung Zangbo River valley at the eastern side of the Namjabawa area is located in the southern foothills of the Himalayas and belongs to the subtropical humid climate zone with dense tropical rainforest vegetation. Dense vegetation, large terrain elevation difference, strong endogenetic and exogenic forces, and abundant valley deposition bring enormous difficulty to the research on active faults in this area.
Since 1990s, surface morphology can be quantitatively expressed by digital elevation models as the rapid development of remote sensing technology. Geomorphic types and their characteristics can be quantified by geomorphological parameters which are extracted from DEM data, describing geomorphologic evolution and tectonic activity. But to date, researches based on quantitative geomorphic parameters are mainly focus on the differential uplift of regional blocks. In the study and mapping of active faults, surface traces of active faults are acquired by visual interpretation of remote sensing images. It has not been reported to identify the location of active faults via the change of quantitative geomorphic parameters. The distribution map of topographic elevation variation coefficient is suitable to reflect the regional erosion cutting and topographic relief, and the places with higher topographic elevation variation coefficient are more strongly eroded. In this paper, we attempt to identify the active faults and explore their distribution in the Yarlung Zangbo Gorge in the east of the Namjabawa Peak based on the application of two quantitative geomorphic parameters, namely, the topographic slope and the elevation variation coefficient.
Using the DEM data of 30m resolution, two quantitative geomorphic parameters of topographic slope and elevation variation coefficient in Namjabawa and its surrounding areas were obtained on the ArcGIS software platform. On the topographic slope distribution map, the slope of the eastern and western banks of the Yarlung Zangbo River near Motuo is steep with a slope angle of more than 30°. Under the background of steep terrain, there are gentle slope belts of 5°~25° distributing intermittently and NE-striking. On the distribution map of topographic elevation variation coefficient, the elevation variation coefficient of the Yarlung Zangbo River near Motuo is greater than 0.9. On the background of the high topographic fluctuation area, it develops gently topographic undulating belts with elevation variation coefficient of 0.2~0.9. The belts are intermittently distributed and northeastern trending. Through the field geological and geomorphological investigation and trench excavation, it is found that the abnormal strips of the above-mentioned geomorphological parameters are the locations where the active faults pass. The above results show that the quantitative analysis of the topographic slope and the coefficient of variation of elevation can help us find active faults in areas with large terrain slope, serious vegetation coverage and high denudation intensity. 相似文献
16.
日喀则地质资料匮乏,地球物理勘探资料更加稀缺,该地区在此之前没有开展过地震勘探的工作.本文针对日喀则地区活动断裂,采用夯源为人工震源的浅层地震勘探方法,结合小折射调查低速层,详细讨论工作中的关键性技术问题;提出在该地区地质条件下实施隐伏断裂勘探时的地震仪器选择、方案设计、参数选取、数据处理、断层识别的基本方法;查明拉堆—乃东断裂、抓各落断裂、毕定—甲舍拉断裂、甲岗—谢通门断裂的走向、产状、上断点埋深及其在地表的垂直投影位置等主要参数.为日喀则地区的深浅构造关系等研究提供基础资料,填补该地区地球物理勘探资料的空白. 相似文献
17.
Distribution of apparent magnetization for Asia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xu Yuanfang An Zhenchang Huang Baochun V. P. Golovkov N. M. Rotanova A. L. Kharitonov 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2000,43(6):654-660
Magsat total field anomalies over Asia were used to construct an equivalent magnetization model, which represents the apparent
magnetization distribution within an equivalent layer 40 km thick and correlates well with large-scale tectonics, for example,
the Kazakhstan, Tarim, Yangtze, India, Sino-Korea and Indochina blocks. The basin, plain, sea basin, and islands are delineated
by magnetization lows whereas the plateau and marine ridge correspond to magnetization highs. The boundary between Tibetan
Plateau and India marked by a strong gradient along its length coincides with the Yarlung Zangbo River fault roughly. The
Tanlu fault belt is the boundary between positive and negative anomalies. This boundary stretches in southwest direction and
joins Sanjiang fault belt. The boundary between the Southeast China block and the Yangtze block is also clearly delineated
by the magnetization anomalies. Generally, the magnetization boundaries are consistent with the collisional suture of blocks. 相似文献
18.
Quasi-trijunction is a type of popular structure for certain scale tectonic blocks in a continent. There are two kinds of quasi-trijunction in the conjoining area formed due to rotation of continental blocks. They are the clockwise type and the anticlockwise type of quasi-trij unction. The shape of a quasi-trij unction may be gradually changed associated with block rotation and tectonic evolution, but, sediments and structure in the conjoining area can record the history of tectonic evolution. Thus, studying a quasi-trij unction can reveal regional tectonic evolution.Regional tectonic movement, plane strain partitioning and characteristics of seismic activity can be studied based on kinematics and geometric analysis of a quasi-trijunction.The quasi-trijunction is a surface structure controlled by deep crustal movement. Tectonic activity may be different in three branches. In the quasi-trijunction in the northeastern corner of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the NWW-trending Qilianshan-Hexi corridor fault zone w 相似文献
19.
青藏高原东北隅似三联点构造特征 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
在大陆内部,对于一定尺度的构造块体,似三联点构造是一种普通的构造形式。由于大陆内部块体旋转的普遍性,似三联点构造可形成顺旋型和逆旋型两种构造型式。 相似文献