共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 859 毫秒
1.
大型沉井基础在长江下游大跨径跨江大桥工程中应用越来越多,基础局部冲刷深度预测是设计时需要重点考虑的问题之一。国内外对桥梁基础局部冲刷做了大量的研究并建立了局部冲刷计算公式,由于长江下游大型沉井基础规模越来越大,原有局部冲刷深度的预测公式存在一定的局限性。在常泰大桥超大沉井基础局部冲刷试验成果的基础上,结合长江下游南京以下跨江大桥沉井基础局部冲刷试验成果,通过量纲分析及多元回归法建立了大型沉井基础局部冲刷计算公式,并应用试验资料及实测资料进行了较好的验证。该公式计算结构简单,可供长江下游大型沉井基础局部冲刷深度估算参考和应用。 相似文献
2.
为探究台阶式沉井基础附近局部冲刷的影响,建立三维水动力数学模型,计算分析恒定流下台阶式沉井基础附近水动力特征。基于数值模拟结果设计了8个有效试验工况进行物理模型试验,分别探究了台阶式沉井平台宽度、埋置深度以及挡墙高度对局部冲刷特性的影响并进行讨论。试验结果表明台阶式沉井局部最大冲刷深度随平台截面宽度比增大逐步减小并趋于稳定。台阶式沉井局部最大冲刷深度随平台埋深比增大而逐步减小最终趋于稳定。台阶式沉井平台处设置较低挡墙对减小沉井周围局部冲刷最大深度有小幅的效果。 相似文献
3.
桥墩基础冲刷是桥梁毁坏的重要因素,是桥梁基础设计的关键指标之一。目前国内外对于桥墩基础在复杂动力条件下冲刷深度的研究常采用物理模型试验方法,利用正态系列模型方法,在波流水槽中研究了水流、潮流和波流共同作用下青州航道桥索塔基础周围流态变化和局部冲刷特征。研究结果表明,桥墩最大冲刷深度和冲淤范围与水流流速、桥墩轴线与水流夹角和波浪等因素有关;在潮流最大流速和恒定流流速一致情况下,桥墩局部冲刷深度达到平衡后,将会达到与恒定流基本一致的最大冲深;波流共同作用下的最大冲刷深度比恒定流增加10%左右。设计桥墩形状在100年一遇水流和波浪共同作用下桥墩基础局部最大冲刷深度为13.7 m。 相似文献
4.
5.
金塘大桥桥墩附近的海床冲刷 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
东起舟山市金塘岛的沥港镇,跨越灰鳖洋,西至宁波市镇海区新泓口的金塘大桥,为舟山大陆连岛工程的主体.大桥全长为18.5 km,海面桥墩近350个,桥墩附近海床冲刷深度主要包括因风浪和潮流引起的自然冲刷、因建桥使过水断面缩窄而产生的一般冲刷和桥墩阻水形成的马蹄形漩流引起的局部冲刷.河流上桥墩局部冲刷已进行过大量研究,建立了可供设计使用的桥墩冲刷计算公式,而金塘大桥位于灰鳖洋海域,作用水流为极其复杂的往复流,使海床局部冲刷深度难以利用现有公式进行计算,因此采用海域实测地形资料分析了桥轴线附近的海床自然冲刷,利用水槽正态模型试验模拟研究了桥墩附近的一般冲刷和局部冲刷.实测资料表明,该海域潮流流速大小与潮差有较好的相关关系,潮差越大,潮流流速也越大,而桥墩的局部冲刷深度也随流速的增大而增大,因此,选取潮差频率为300年一遇和10年一遇的特大潮分别作为运行期和施工期的潮流边界.桥位所处的海床较为稳定,故以最新的实测地形各桥墩处高程作为冲刷试验起始高程.试验初期桥墩附近海床快速下切形成冲刷坑,随后冲刷值迅速减小,海床渐趋稳定.研究表明,该大桥所处海域总体上趋于动态平衡状态,桥轴线东段微冲、西段微淤.运行期金塘大桥附近的海床自然冲刷,一般均在1.1 m以内,仅在主槽附近较大,约5 m左右.试验表明,潮流作用下桥墩附近的一般冲刷和局部冲刷均明显大于自然冲刷幅度,主墩最大局部冲刷幅度为14.4 m,引桥桥墩最大局部冲刷幅度为7.8～10.3 m;据此可得到桥墩附近海床的总体冲刷幅度和设计高程,不仅为工程建设、运行的安全性及经济性提供了坚实的技术支撑,而且可供其它海域建桥后桥墩附近海床的冲刷研究提供参考. 相似文献
6.
长江大桥桥墩受水流冲刷和泥沙淤积的影响,需要定期对桥墩水域地形进行监测和分析。结合安庆长江公路大桥水域监测实例,阐述了使用多波束测深系统和声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)对大桥水域进行联合监测,采用GIS软件对大桥水域地形进行冲淤计算,并制作了桥墩的立体图和大桥区域的水域冲淤变化图,分析了桥墩及附近水下地形与水流的变化,对桥墩的冲刷研究具有非常重要的意义,监测成果为大桥的安全运营提供了有益的安全保障。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
长江口沙波分布区桥墩局部冲刷深度计算公式的改进 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用多波束水深仪、浅地层剖面仪和多普勒流速仪对长江口苏通大桥南、北主墩区域现场测量,结果显示主墩周围最大冲刷深度为8.3 m和19.6 m。建墩前后河床形态变化显著,建墩后桥墩所在床面由平床改变为典型不对称沙波发育,平均波长为30.8 m和23.1 m,平均波高为4.2 m和9.4 m,陡坡朝向下游。基于实测水文条件和地形资料,以沙波起动流速和落急最大流速分别取代单向流作用下"平床"假定的桥墩局部冲刷计算公式中单颗粒泥沙的起动流速和墩前流速,获得河口涨落潮双向流作用下沙波底床桥墩局部冲刷计算公式。且该公式计算的苏通大桥南、北主墩局部冲刷深度为9.5 m和22.1 m,非常接近实测值。 相似文献
10.
利用多波束水深仪、浅地层剖面仪和多普勒流速仪对长江口苏通大桥南、北主墩区域现场测量,结果显示主墩周围最大冲刷深度为8.3m和19.6m.建墩前后河床形态变化显著,建墩后桥墩所在床面由平床改变为典型不对称沙波发育,平均波长为30.8m和23.1m,平均波高为4.2m和9.4m,陡坡朝向下游.基于实测水文条件和地形资料,以沙波起动流速和落急最大流速分别取代单向流作用下“平床”假定的桥墩局部冲刷计算公式中单颗粒泥沙的起动流速和墩前流速,获得河口涨落潮双向流作用下沙波底床桥墩局部冲刷计算公式.且该公式计算的苏通大桥南、北主墩局部冲刷深度为9.5m和22.1m,非常接近实测值. 相似文献
11.
A laboratory study of local scour at complex piers under steady clear-water conditions is presented. The term complex piers is used to define a bridge pier comprising of a column, pile cap, and pile group. Comprehensive data over the full range of possible pile cap elevations for complex piers with different geometries were obtained using five complex pier models, which were scaled down from existing bridges in Malaysia. The data are used to evaluate existing methodologies for characterizing the effective width of complex piers with varying pile cap location relative to the undisturbed streambed. The effect of pile cap location on scour depth is also addressed. To improve the predictions of local scour at complex piers, the new data and some previous data are used to propose a new method to predict local scour depth at complex piers. 相似文献
12.
Local scour around a bridge pier is an important pm‘mneter for the design of a bridge. Compared with the local scour in a mono-directional current, the local scour in a tidal current has its unique characteristics. In this paper, several aspects of local scour around bridge piers in tidal current, including the scour development process, the plane form of a scour hole and the maximum scour depth, are studied through movable bed flume experiments. 相似文献
13.
The reliable estimation of the local scour depth at a bridge pier is essential for proper design and maintenance of bridge piers. Most local scour formulae have been developed based on the results of laboratory experiments. The formulae based on laboratory data do not often produce reasonable predictions for field piers because laboratory investigations are apt to oversimplify or ignore many of the complexities of the flow fields around the bridge piers. Validation of the formulae is necessary in order to ascertain which of the formulae are able to provide reasonable estimates of the local scour depth. In this study, six commonly cited formulae based on laboratory data or field data were selected for validation using 180 laboratory data sets gathered from the literature and 446 field data sets collected from four countries. The six formulae validated in this paper are the Colorado State University (CSU), Neill, Froehlich, Breuser, Laursen, and simplified Chinese formulae. Comparisons between the predicted and measured depths were performed using scour from the laboratory and field data. An artificial neural network technique was also applied in order to compare the tendencies between the field and laboratory data sets. 相似文献
14.
综合国内外现有研究成果，分析了桩周流场结构及局部冲刷坑的分布形态，通过三维数值模拟，验证了局部冲刷最大值点出现在桩前，且冲坑坡度近似等于泥沙水下休止角的结论。从国内外规范内局部冲深计算公式中筛选出跨海桥梁钢管桩局部冲刷深度的主要影响因素。基于能量平衡理论，通过来流水流搬运冲刷坑内泥沙过程中的能量守恒，推导了概念清晰、形式简单的局部冲刷深度预测公式。区别于现有多数公式主体结构，该公式为关于局部冲深的一元三次方程，通过水下泥沙休止角来考虑泥沙对冲刷的影响以及冲刷过程中冲刷坑自身深度及范围变化对冲刷产生的影响。利用最小二乘法，结合环杭州湾区域三座跨海大桥的试验及实测数据拟合确定了公式相关参数，并与国内外规范内的公式对比验证，结果表明，该公式精度较高，可为实际工程计算分析提供参考。 相似文献
15.
H. Omara G. M. Abdeelaal K. Nadaoka A. Tawfik 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(2):133-143
AbstractBecause scour is one of the main reasons for bridge failure, this study focuses on accurately predicting the maximum scour depth around different vertical and inclined piers. Scouring is an issue of concern in the bridge design process, as most existing equations for predicting local scour near bridge piers suffer from over- or underprediction issues, resulting in higher foundation costs or bridge failure and inaccurate predictions of the scour around piers. The dimensionless maximum scour depths (ys/D) of vertical and inclined piers were investigated for seven pier shapes with different L/D ratios and four inclination angles (θ) under shallow flow conditions. The inclined pier configuration reduced the ys/D of the piers. The maximum ys/D was observed for a rectangular pier with an L/D of 4.5 in both vertical and inclined configurations (θ of 10, 15 and 21°, respectively). The ys/D was significantly decreased by increasing the angle of the pier from 10 to 30°. The ys/D of the inclined rectangular piers decreased as θ decreased from 30 to 10° and the L/D ratio increased from 1 to 4.5. The best ys/D results were obtained for inclined rectangular piers at a θ value of 30° and an L/D ratio of 7.5 compared to other shapes and inclination angles. New equations were developed to predict the local scour depth for circular, square and rectangular bridge piers. The equations yielded excellent results for predicting the maximum clear water scour depth around vertical and inclined piers with inclination angles of 10, 15, 21 and 30°, respectively. 相似文献
16.
17.
AbstractSince the pull-out response of upwind caissons governs the design of multi-caisson foundations, it is worthwhile to study scour effect on the tensile capacity of suction caissons. The tensile capacity of suction caissons after scour is relevant to the scour depth and the pressure under the caisson lid: the tensile capacity decreases dramatically with increasing scour depth; the smaller the pressure, the stronger the weakening effect of scour. Moreover, the scour effect is investigated in two cases: ignoring stress history and considering stress history. The results show that tensile capacity after scour is larger when the stress history is considered, so ignoring the stress history leads to a conservative design. In order to quantitatively evaluate the effect of scour depth and pressure, an empirical formula for the tensile capacity of suction caissons after scour is proposed based on multiple regression analysis. 相似文献
18.
Together with new opportunities, offshore wind farms raise new engineering challenges. An important aspect relates to the erosion of bottom material around the foundation of the wind turbines, caused by the local increase of the wave and current induced flow velocities by the pile's presence. Typically, the expected scour has a considerable impact on the stability and dynamic behavior of the wind turbine and a scour protection is placed to avoid erosion of the soil close to the foundation. Although much experience exists on the design of scour protections around bridge piers (which are placed in a current alone situation), at present, little design guidelines exist for the specific case of a scour protection around a monopile foundation subjected to a combined wave and current loading. 相似文献