共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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《地震工程与工程振动》2017,(4)
饱和砂土地基在地震作用下液化引起的建筑物的不均匀沉降是地震破坏的典型特征之一,会导致建筑物倾斜和失效。建立模拟液化引起不均匀震陷的数值方法对结构抗震设计和工程减灾尤为重要。基于对不均匀震陷机制的认识,对可液化地基上某建筑物模型在输入地震波作用下的震陷情况进行了数值模拟试验,分析了不均匀震陷发展过程中地震动输入、基底动应力、孔隙水压力、地基压缩模量和结构沉降之间的关系,并提出一套数值计算液化引起地基不均匀震陷的方法。结果显示:(1)使用的孔压模型能够模拟孔压在不规则荷载作用下的上升,且能够反应固结比对孔压的影响,以及记录结构地基土体真实的孔压发展过程;(2)计算方法使用的压缩模量模型能够反应由孔压变化引起的时程变化;(3)计算方法能够跟踪记录土层变形随孔压上升的时程变化。 相似文献
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建筑物不均匀震陷影响因素研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
利用以往提出的建筑物不均匀震陷简化分析方法对不均匀震陷的几种影响因素进行了综合分析,考虑土层分布、建筑物荷载分配以及输入地震波波形和大小的不同组合,得到了一些有益的结果。 相似文献
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软土具有高灵敏度、低强度等特性,在地震过程中极易产生震陷。基于OpenSees数值模拟方法对软土场地的震陷反应进行非线性动力有限元分析,通过改变地震动峰值加速度、频谱特性、输入方式来研究其对软土震陷的影响。结果表明,地震动峰值加速度对地基土的不均匀震陷有显著影响,地震动峰值加速度越大,震陷量显著增大,震陷影响深度更大,对水平地表造成的破坏范围也更大;地震动频谱特性对软土震陷有重要影响,当地震动卓越频率与场地自振频率相近时,其幅值越大,产生的震陷越严重;水平、竖向同时输入地震动的方式能更好地反映土体的振动及震陷响应。该研究成果对探索软土震陷的机理有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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人工神经网络原理在建筑物震陷预测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用人工神经网络原理，对BP型神经网络作了多方面的改进，采用改进后的BP算法，建立了建筑物震陷预测模型，研究结果表明，改进的BP网络性能良好，所建立的模型预测精度高，能满足工程要求，是一种有效可行的预测新方法。 相似文献
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软弱地基土层震陷简化计算方法研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
基于震陷宏调调查资料，土力学中的分层总和法及软化模型概念，编制了震陷简化分析程序，计算结果与宏观现象和二维有限元法计算结果十分接近，可供工程部门使用。 相似文献
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为探究地震动特性对砂土震陷的影响,提出合理的震陷评价方法,本文利用开源有限元平台Open Sees对饱和砂土自由场地震陷进行数值模拟,研究了地震动维度和方向角对砂土震陷的影响,以震陷比为评价指标,分析了水平单向荷载简化二维荷载的合理性,并对震陷和震陷比与地震动强度参数进行相关性研究,提出了考虑地震动特性的饱和砂土震陷计算方法。结果表明:饱和砂土在地震动水平双向荷载作用下的孔压和震陷均大于单向加载结果,但小于两个单向荷载分别施加产生的结果之和,也小于任一单向加载下结果的2倍;地震动方向对震陷比影响显著,且不同地震动得到的最大震陷比对应的方向角存在差异,表明采用某一确定方向的一维荷载简化分析二维荷载的方法并不合理;震陷量与地震动强度参数Sa(0.6 s)和VSI相关性较好,以VSI为参数提出的预估公式可快速计算震陷量;砂土相对密度越大,计算结果越准确。 相似文献
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软土震陷计算中若干问题的讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文就软土震陷和砂土液化危害性分析中的三个问题进行了讨论,即具条形基础建筑物的有限元划分、土壤初始模量和静动应力不同的组合对计算震陷值的影响。文中指出,在震陷试验和计算中存在着测试误差和各种假定,但是,由于采用了修正系数,这些不合理性在一定程度上均得到了补偿。 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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Species composition, abundance, and seasonal distribution of the Gastropoda fauna and the physical and chemical variables of Upper Sakarya River System have been investigated between October 1998 and August 1999. Gastropod fauna in the Upper Sakarya River System was represented by 9 species of Prosobranchia and 7 species of Pulmonata. Diversity, dominance, and abundance of the Gastropoda species were recorded seasonally. The abundance of some of the 16 species was correlated positively with temperature, dissolved oxygen and negatively or positively with pH and nitrate. It was observed that Gyraulus albus (Müller, 1774), Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805, Valvata pulchella Studer, 1820, and Oxyloma elegans (Risso, 1826) can tolerate a high level of NO‐N while V. piscinalis (Müller, 1774) spread out in unpolluted water. Although the species and their numbers change at the stations, the maximum numbers were found during autumn, while minimums were identified during the winter sampling. Gyraulus albus was the most widespread species in our research area. Only 5 species (Gyraulus albus, Physa acuta, Valvata cristata (Muller, 1774), Valvata pulchella, Melanopsis praemorsa costata (Olivier, 1804)) were determined each season. However, no Gastropoda were found at the station 3 that has high BOD, NO‐N, NO‐N, and NH3 levels. 相似文献