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中国生态水文学发展趋势与重点方向 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生态水文学是一门新兴的交叉学科,发展和完善其理论体系和技术方法等对促进中国山水林田湖草系统保护与修复,推进生态文明建设和绿色发展具有重要理论和实践意义。本文阐述了生态水文学发展历程和挑战性问题;结合学科前沿和国家需求,提出了生态水文学在中国的发展战略,主要包括：生态水文综合观测的新技术新方法、生态水文学机理和基础理论、以陆地和水生生态水文过程为核心的多尺度多要素综合模拟与集成、以及生态水文与社会科学的融合等;在此基础上,也提出了中国生态水文学具体发展方向,如多源信息融合与综合观测网络、关键要素的时空格局及其演变特征、综合模型与不确定性、多学科交融研究等;最后提出了中国生态水文学在山水林田湖草及城市等共同体修复和保护中的应用前景。 相似文献
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“山水林田湖草沙生命共同体”理念为沙地生态环境治理指明了新方向,但是在沙区开展什么研究却是新课题。本文基于生态建设面临的挑战,从山水林田湖草沙一体化治理的角度,探析了科尔沁沙地生态治理的研究方向及应重点关注的问题。 相似文献
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干旱区土壤植被系统恢复的生态水文学研究进展 总被引：35，自引：18，他引：17
干旱区约占地球陆表面积的40%以上,所支撑的复杂多样的生态系统是全球陆地生态系统的重要组成,水是干旱区诸多生态系统过程的驱动力和关键的非生物限制因子。生态水文学作为新兴的交叉学科,为客观、全面地诠释干旱区植被与土壤系统相互作用与反馈机理提供了新的理念和途径,同时,也为干旱区以植被建设为主的生态恢复实践提供了理论基础。以沙坡头沙漠研究试验站在腾格里沙漠东南缘荒漠化草原和草原化荒漠过渡带的长期定位监测研究为例,分析、综述了我国在干旱区生态水文学研究领域所取得的主要成绩和相关进展,重点讨论了沙地植被从组成、结构和功能群演变等多层次上对土壤生态水文过程的响应,以及植被对土壤环境和水循环的长期反馈作用和调控机理;将生物土壤结皮首次作为影响植被-土壤系统水文过程的重要环节来考虑,对其发挥的生态水文功能的相关研究进行了总结;归纳了基于水量平衡的干旱区生态恢复理论模式及其在实践中的应用。 相似文献
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PEI Xiaolong HAN Xiaolong YANG Hanwen GAO Tiansheng ZHANG Chun GONG Lun WANG Jiangyulong 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(5):946-954
The construction of a comprehensive observation platform for natural-resource elements would provide data support for studies of dynamic changes in various natural resources, and could serve the needs of natural-resource management and the construction of ecological civilization during a period of global change. As the second-largest inland river basin in NW China, the Heihe River Basin (HRB) lies in the central part of the Silk Road Economic Belt, consequently, pilot studies of resource management in the basin are urgently needed. This paper describes the construction of a comprehensive natural-resource elements observation network in the HRB to meet requirements for natural-resource management, based on natural-resource and Earth-system science. Based on current observations and research, thirteen observation stations were established in different river basins through integration with existing stations, reconstruction and upgrading, and new construction. The main types of land-surface resources in the HRB (grassland, forests, rivers, lakes, deserts, wetlands, and farmland) were included in the observation network constructed for the monitoring of natural-resource elements. Long-term, continuous, and stable observation can yield key data concerning coupling processes, trends of change, and rates of change in natural resources. This is of great significance in improving cognitive ability, scientific management, and strategic decision-making regarding natural resources in the HRB, and can provide a reference paradigm for the observation of and research into natural resources in other basins. 相似文献
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地理科学与资源科学的国家智库建设 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
地理科学与资源科学智库建设在地理科学与资源科学发展及学科建设中具有非常重要的战略地位。中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所建所80年来,地理科学与资源科学智库为传播人类文明、保障国家资源安全和持续利用、维护国家和全球可持续发展做出了重大贡献。本文回顾了80年来、尤其是2000年以来地理资源所在高端智库建设方面取得的辉煌成就,以时间为主线,总结了智库建设的重点领域及特色方向,包括综合科学考察与资源环境承载力评价、国家重大区划与规划、国情分析与区域可持续发展、新型城镇化与城市群建设、精准扶贫与乡村振兴、生态文明体制改革与美丽中国建设、“一带一路”建设与国家安全、生态环境保护与科技防灾减灾等方面研究和决策服务;提出要继续瞄准国家发展战略需求,继续提升智库建设在研究所发展与学科建设的战略地位、围绕国家“两个一百年”奋斗目标、对标SDGs实现国家可持续发展目标建好智库,围绕美丽中国与生态文明制度建设、国家重大区域发展战略和应急重大事件建好智库,强化地理模拟技术和智能化技术对智库建设的技术支撑,以智库建设推动地理科学与资源科学建设。力争通过5~10年努力,把研究所建成最具影响力的国家高端智库,成为生产智库产品和支撑国家发展决策的中坚力量。 相似文献
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The Irtysh River Basin refers to a water conservation area and a vital ecological barrier in Xinjiang and also partially in Central Asia. Here, the technical solution for the ecological protection and the restoration of the Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands system (MRFFLGs) pilot project in the Irtysh River Basin is refined, by complying with the core concept, i.e., “mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands are a community of life”. The solution stresses the specific characteristics of ecologically protecting and restoring MRFFLGs in the Irtysh River Basin, which aim to reduce ecological water use, soil erosion, forest and grassland degradation, the ecological destruction of mines, water environment pollution and other issues. With overall protection, system restoration, district policy, and problem orientation as the overarching ideas, 162 sub-items of 44 major items with seven categories have been designed and implemented in the project. In addition, some highlights of the management experience that are worth promoting when the pilot project is being implemented are also summarized (e.g., the use of laws to solve historical problems, scientific argumentation and third-party evaluation, proactive guidance for the engagement of people, modern information technology support, and integration with local sustainable development). Lastly, four policy suggestions are proposed: (1) Building a model of systematic protection and restoration by using basins as the basic geographic unit; (2) Establishing and optimizing key weak links of systems and mechanisms; (3) Focusing on remedying the shortcomings of regional talents, technology and capital; and (4) Promoting the MRFFLGs project to integrate “industry, city, people, and tourism” for carrying out a large-scale system project. 相似文献
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国家自然科学基金视角下地理科学融合发展路径探索 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随着整体科学的进步和国家社会的发展,地理科学已迈入跨学科交叉融合发展的新阶段。通过学科间和领域间的深度融合寻求新发展路径,完善知识体系,充分发挥服务国家社会之功能,是当前地理科学发展的当务之急。本文基于自然科学基金视角,分析了中国地理科学融合发展的现状与问题,认为其与国际前沿未充分接轨,研究的全球政治、经济、文化影响力有待加强,认为地理科学融合国家重大需求进行理论与技术创新的能力有待提升,认为学科内部体系要根据知识融合需求进一步优化。在此基础上,提出了资助政策引导下地理科学面向世界科技前沿的学科交叉融合、面向国家重大战略的多领域交叉融合和面向申请代码优化布局的分支学科交叉三大融合发展路径与相应政策工具。未来国家自然科学基金委员会将立足于保持学科发展的持续性和稳定性,通过政策创新来激励地理科学与其它学科、领域的交叉融合,以建设更具有活力与创新性的学术生态系统。 相似文献
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The adoption of both Nature-based Solutions (NbS) and a system perspective is a hot issue and an area in which there is much room for improvement in ecological protection and restoration. The study takes Altay region as an example, an area located in Xinjiang, China, which is an important ecological corridor of the national key functional area and the core area of the Belt and Road but has a fragile ecological environment and needs much enhancement in ecological protection and restoration. Guided by the concept of “mountains-rivers-forests- farmlands-lakes-grasslands (MRFFLG) system is a life community”, the coupling relationship of the various MRFFLG elements, the main ecological environmental problems and the integrated countermeasures for protection and restoration in Altay region have been analyzed in this study. The study shows that Altay region has a typical meta-ecosystem of mountain, oasis, and desert, and the connections by rivers and lakes make the ecosystem links within the region much closer. The interweaving of resource-environmental-ecological issues of the aquatic ecosystem, degradation of the quality of terrestrial ecosystems such as forests, grasslands and farmlands, the increased ecosystem fragmentation and ecological risks are the major ecological environmental issues in this region. This study takes the improvement of the ecosystem health and function in Altay region as the core goal of regional ecological protection and restoration. First, we establish a zoning governance pattern from the perspective of ecosystem integrity; second, we design governance strategies for different zones with the goal of synergistic improvements in the ecosystem functions; and finally, we clarify the key engineering tasks in different zones from the perspective of ecosystem services. Ecological conservation and restoration of the MRFFLG system is a prime example of the application and development of NbS in China. This paper constructs an analytical framework for identifying regional life communities, diagnosing ecological protection and restoration of zoning problems, and proposing classified solutions for ecological protection tasks for the protection of the MRFFLG system. This research will enrich the theory and technology for the protection and restoration of MRFFLG systems, and provide guidance for the practice of ecological protection and restoration in Altay region. 相似文献
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省级国土空间生态修复规划是新时期各省深入推进生态文明建设的行动指南和纲领性文件,迫切需要多学科交叉的理论与方法支撑。文章从探析国土空间生态修复的科学内涵与理论基础出发,以人地关系地域系统理论框架为指导,融合景观生态学以及基于自然的解决方案,结合广东省国土空间生态修复规划地方实践,聚焦省级国土空间生态修复规划的目标指标、重大格局、分区布局、工程体系等规划重点、难点,提出了省级国土空间生态修复规划的思路与方法,具体概括为：按照“六步走”的整体思路,围绕“四个维度”目标体系,聚焦生态、城镇、农业“三大空间”,推进“重大格局—分区布局—重大工程”3个层次空间布局,形成“格局尺度重大工程、单元尺度重点项目、场地尺度工程措施”3个尺度工程体系布局。 相似文献
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沙坡头生态水文学研究进展及水量平衡自动模拟监测系统 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在中国科学院野外站网络重点科技基础设施建设项目的支持下,沙坡头沙漠研究试验站建成了以36台大型称重式蒸渗仪为主体的中国北方不同气候带沙区水量平衡自动模拟监测系统——Lysimeter群。概述了沙坡头生态水文学研究进展。介绍了Lysimeter群建设的科学目标、构建思路、建设内容和预期研究方向。Lysimeter群由大型称重式蒸渗仪、各类探头、移动大棚和降水模拟器等组成,具有集成性和唯一性。该平台可全自动模拟控制降水和地下水位,量化植物水分来源;自动监测蒸散发、植物蒸腾、土壤水渗漏、土壤水分、温度和电导率等。该平台的建成将提升在不同尺度上认知中国沙区生态和水文过程、植被重建的生态水文学和环境胁迫生理生态学机理等相关领域的研究能力,回答不同沙区土壤水分植被承载力和人工植被稳定性维持的生态水文阈值等国家在防沙治沙实践中所面临的核心科学问题。 相似文献
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塔里木河流域地处我国西北新疆,面积约102×104 km2,是我国丝绸之路经济带建设的核心区。在过去50 a里,塔里木河流域经历了大规模的水土资源开发,经济社会发展的同时,河道断流,湖泊干涸,沙漠化加剧,生物多样性受损,生态隐忧日益加剧,已威胁塔里木河流域绿洲经济发展和社会稳定,严重影响国家"丝绸之路经济带"建设。荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室针对塔里木河流域的生态环境问题,开展了长期的生态监测与科学研究,基于多年监测调查数据,解析了塔里木河荒漠河岸林植被与地下水的关系,揭示了生态系统退化过程和机理,提出了塔里木河下游合理/胁迫/临界地下水位与流域生态需水量,研发提出的退化生态系统修复重建关键技术得到推广应用;提出的重点生态工程建设方案,被纳入《南疆水利规划》;提出的流域水资源管理建议被国家采纳并实施。科技支撑塔里木河流域生态修复及可持续管理,为丝绸之路经济带生态文明建设提供了重要科学依据和示范样板。 相似文献
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China possesses over 110 international rivers and lakes, among which 41 are major ones and 15 are of great importance. With
the highest concentration of international rivers, the northeast, northwest and southwest regions of China enjoy abundant
transboundary resources and pose complicated ecological security issues. Following the 1950s, relevant studies on international
rivers fall into three periods: 1) the planned economy period of the 1950s–1980s when border development and basic research
were scant; 2) the reform and opening-up period from 1980 to the end of 20th century. Along with the drive of economic globalization
and regional cooperation, development of international rivers was thriving, which filled blanks in the research and narrowed
gaps with international standards. Relevant studies also provided national and local governments with important scientific
grounds for making decisions; 3) since the start of the 21st century, China has integrated its international river studies
across sectors and across international borders. Now both government and scientific institutions pay great attention to transboundary
environmental issues. 相似文献
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中国国际河流研究进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
1IntroductionThe increasing momentum of economic globalization and regional geopolitical cooperation no longer stand as the major drivers of a new world order. Resource and environmental diplomacy are now regarded as new elements establishing future international patterns. Transboundary resources and environmental issues in international river basins have attracted increasing global concern and professional attention. The impact of such issues penetrates into national security, international e… 相似文献
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Esophageal cancer exhibits one of the highest incidence and mortality rates in China. Malignant tumors caused by esophageal cancer, and the relationship to environmental factors has been the focus of many public health studies. This study applied spatial analysis to ascertain the relationship between water pollution and esophageal cancer mortality rates nationwide. We employed two datasets, including a national investigation of esophageal cancer rates and distribution, and national water quality grades in China＇s primary rivers and lakes. Esophageal cancer data were grouped based on different water quality grades, which included a scaled buffer distance from rivers and lakes. Non-parametric correlation analyses were performed to examine the presence or absence of the following correlations： （i） eso- phageal cancer mortality and buffer distance from rivers and lakes; and （ii） esophageal can- cer mortality and water quality grade values. The present study revealed a significant positive correlation between widespread water pollution and esophageal cancer mortality nationwide; and a significant negative correlation between esophageal cancer mortality, and buffer dis- tance from rivers and lakes. 相似文献
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南岭山地的多学科综合研究价值 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南岭有地球同纬度带上保存最完整的亚热带常绿阔叶林,是我国南方重要的生态屏障带,也是湘江、赣江、北江等众多河流的源头区。20世纪20年代,南岭山地由于丹霞地层被发现首次走进国际视野,之后的90年来,在南岭山地开展的研究主要包括了地质构造、花岗岩成矿、丹霞地貌、气候变化、生物多样性、植物区系、大型真菌、鸟类监测、兽类监测、蝴蝶监测、常绿阔叶林、南岭走廊、自然保护区、景观格局、生态旅游等方面。通过梳理南岭山地的研究发现,南岭不仅对于研究地球科学的自然地理学、人文地理学,生命科学的生物多样性、生物区系和生态系统生态学等具有重要意义,对于交叉学科和多学科综合研究也极具研究前景,该区域可以作为具有高潜在价值综合研究的基地。 相似文献
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WANG Shaoqiang WANG Junbang ZHANG Leiming XIAO Zhishu WANG Feng SUN Nan LI Daiqing CHEN Bin CHEN Jinghua LI Yue WANG Xiaobo WANG Miaomiao 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(2):105-111
Ecological quality is defined as the stability, adaptability and resilience of an ecosystem. Monitoring and assessing ecological quality are important bases for China's ecological civilization construction. The national key research and development program “Technologies and guidelines for monitoring ecological quality of terrestrial ecosystems in China”, launched in July 2017, includes plans to study the observation technologies and provide guidelines on the ecological in-situ observation, the regional biodiversity and ecosystem function monitoring and its applications, all of which contribute to national ecological quality assessment. A year after its implementation, some important progress has been achieved, such as building the indicator system for comprehensive monitoring of ecological quality and improvement of the methods, mass data transmission, infrared camera-based monitoring of biodiversity, multi-angle automatic spectral observation systems, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based desert monitoring. We have organized this special issue and attempted to introduce the monitoring techniques and assessment methods on ecological quality from different perspectives in order to further promote the development of ecology and its observation methods. 相似文献
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生态系统科学研究与生态系统管理 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统学科以生态系统生态学研究为核心,通过研制生态系统观测和模拟分析的技术和方法,探索解决区域性/大尺度生态学问题的理论和方法,监测生态系统变化,认知生态系统变化规律,推动生态系统生态学、生物地理生态学、全球变化生态学和生态信息科学技术的发展,创新生态系统管理模式,服务于国家和地方的生态建设、应对全球变化及区域可持续发展。面向国家重大需求,在中国华北平原农业区、南方红壤丘陵林业区、青藏高原农牧区以及黄土高原区等典型区域开展生态系统管理技术与模式的集成与创新研究,着力解决国家生态文明建设和应对全球气候变化中的重大生态学问题,推动区域生态系统管理领域的科技进步。围绕生态系统生态学学科前沿,着重在① 生态系统联网观测、模拟与信息管理,② 生态系统结构、过程与功能,③ 生态系统空间格局与机制,④ 生态系统对全球变化的响应与适应,⑤ 生态系统管理与生态系统服务等五大主要研究方向,系统开展生态系统生态学前沿理论和实践的创新研究,研究成果处于国内和国际生态学研究的科学前沿。 相似文献
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Interconnected river system networks is a national water conservancy strategy in China and focus of research. Here we discuss the classification system, material and energy exchange between rivers and lakes, various dynamic flows and ecological functions of river-lake interconnected relationships. We then propose a novel method for the health assessment of river systems based on interconnected water system networks. In a healthy river system there is “material and energy exchange” and it is the first and foremost relationship of material and energy exchange between rivers and lakes. There are unobstructed various “flows” between rivers and lakes including material flows (water, dissolved substances, sediments, organisms and contaminants), energy flows (water levels, flow and flow velocity), information flows (information generated with water flows, organisms and human activities) and value flows (shipping, power generation, drinking and irrigation). Under the influences of nature and human activity, various flows are connected by river-lake interconnection to carry material and energy exchange between rivers and lakes to achieve river-lake interactions. The material and energy exchange between rivers and lakes become one of the approaches and the direct driving forces of changes in river-lake interconnected relationships. The benignant changes in river-lake interconnected relationship tend to be in relatively steady state and in ideal dynamic balance. 相似文献