共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 927 毫秒
1.
2.
植被覆盖状况是监测与表征区域生态建设成效的重要指标。以往研究注重区域植被覆盖状况的整体变化分析,对长时期区域内部植被覆盖变化及其差异研究较少。文中基于京津风沙源区遥感影像数据,采用GIS空间分析技术,重点评估了2000—2015年植被覆盖度的年际变化及其区域差异。研究结果表明,2000—2015年京津风沙源区植被覆盖度变化为35%~45%,且随年份变化呈波动增加趋势,年均增速为0.4%(P<0.05),生态治理取得明显植被恢复成效。8个治理分区植被覆盖均有所增加,但区域差异明显,晋北山地丘陵亚区和燕山丘陵山地水源保护亚区植被覆盖度年均增速超过0.6%,浑善达克沙地亚区与荒漠草原亚区植被覆盖度年均增速不及0.2%,这与区域地表组成和气候背景有关。从地市来看,北京、天津和承德植被覆盖度较高,但朔州和张家口植被覆盖度增速明显,而乌兰察布和包头植被覆盖度年均增速低于0.1%。相比2000年,2015年京津风沙源区有51%的区域植被覆盖度增加,49%区域植被覆盖度未变或降低,主要集中在京津风沙源区的中部和西部县市(旗),未来生态治理过程中应加以重点关注。 相似文献
3.
4.
"广东1∶5万厚街圩、小榄镇、容奇镇、太平镇幅区域地质调查"项目区内,第四系浅覆盖区面积占71%。在充分利用前人地质调查研究成果的基础上,综合采用地表路线调查、物探、遥感、钻探和钻孔第四系精细研究等方法开展工作。通过3 a的调查与研究,建立了珠江三角洲晚更新世(始自128 ka)5阶段(MIS5)海洋氧同位素海侵层序及地层格架;根据钻孔沉积物样品磁化率变化进行了地层对比及沉积旋回划分,为珠江三角洲第四纪研究奠定了基础;查明了测区NE、NW向隐伏主干断裂的空间展布及其活动性,为工程建设及防震减灾提供了基础资料;通过花岗岩类锆石SHRIMP U-Pb精确定年,提出了二长花岗岩存在于印支期花岗岩带并形成于晚侏罗世陆壳伸展构造环境的新认识。 相似文献
5.
扬子断块区的躯干主要位于长江流域两侧,向东经江苏滨海穿过黄海南部伸进朝鲜南部。扬子断块区的周界被岩石圈深断裂带所围限,以此与其毗邻的其它大地构造区隔开(张文佑等,1983)。扬子断块区的形成与演化是一个很复杂的地质问题,它经过了漫长的地质历史,包括前震旦纪晋宁地槽发展阶段和震旦纪至第四纪的地台发展阶段,前者形成了断块基底,后者形成断块盖层,盖层与基底之间被区域性不整合面分开。本文主要讨论扬子断块区基底的形成与演化。 相似文献
6.
在深入揭批“四人帮”拨乱反正的大好形势下,中国科学院于一九七八年八月廿四日,就恢复《中国第四纪研究委员会》的活动在京召开了座谈会。会议由杨钟健副主任委员主持,刘东生秘书长介绍了国,内外第四纪研究的现状。与会委员谈到该委员会是自一九五七年在已故李四光主任委员的亲自关怀和领导下发展起来的,对开展我国第四纪研究,组织学术交流,与国际第四纪有关部门联系等方面起了积极作用。为加强我国第四纪应用研究和基础研究,赶超世界先进水平,经中华人民共和国科学技术协会和中国科学院同意,恢复中国第四纪研究委员会的一切活动。 相似文献
7.
本文选取重庆中梁山岩溶槽谷区的表土和苔藓样品做孢粉分析,探讨其与现代植被的关系,并初步推断中梁山岩溶洼地的花粉来源,为其洼地剖面花粉来源提供参考。结果表明:表土花粉组合与现代植被类型具有较好的对应关系,耕地、撂荒地、灌木丛、马尾松林以及竹林能够较好地反映母体植被的群落组成;混交林与母体植被群落对应关系较差。由于洼地对区域花粉的汇聚作用,其表土花粉谱更能反映整个区域的植被状况。洼地表层样品中松属花粉来源是中梁山地区与西南风区域的花粉;落叶栎属、桤木属、枫杨属、葎草属等的主要来源是周围山地;禾本科花粉来源相对复杂。本研究可为在这一地区利用孢粉学开展第四纪古植被、古气候和古环境等研究提供参考性依据。 相似文献
8.
本研究基于10′×10′空间分辨率运用GIS软件对中国植被分布地理配准数字化,提取获得196个优势植物的地理分布数据以及内插相关的气候因子,运用分位数函数计算获得各个植物地理分布的气候阈值; 在此基础上采用生物气候群组（BAGs）的分类方法,对196个优势植物气候因子数据进行聚类分析,同时结合中国植被的地理分布特征,最后划分出29个BAG组,包括13个乔木组(6个常绿阔叶和2个落叶阔叶群组,4个常绿针叶和1个落叶针叶群组)、10个灌木组(5个常绿灌木和5个落叶灌木群组)和6个草本组。本研究的BAGs划分是建立在较高空间分辨率和定量气候因子阈值的基础上,因此,通过计算获得BAGs气候阈值(包括每日温度变化幅度、地表霜冻频率、月均温度、月降雨量、相对湿度、日照时数和>5℃年积温等),运用生物圈碳循环CARAIB模型,模拟出中国19个生物群区的现代潜在分布。模拟结果较好地表达了中国植被类型的地理分布,尤其较详细地展示了热带、亚热带、温带和高原地区的不同植被类型地理分布格局,但由于东北地区、西部草原以及热带原生植被受人类活动严重干扰,使得模拟结果比该地区的原生植被地理分布的实际面积偏大。总体而言,本研究获得的29个生物气候群组对模拟现代生物群区分布提供了理想的分类依据,其气候阈值也是进行过去和未来生物群区模拟的重要参照数据。 相似文献
9.
目前,陆地大地热流的测量大多在1-2公里深的钻孔中进行,测量结果除受地形变化、气候变迁等因素的影响外,还受构造形态变化的影响。一般隆起区的浅部热流和地温梯度高于拗陷区的热流和地温梯度。有时在隆起的最高部位的地表热流值可高于平均热流值的30%-40%,从而形成局部的异常区。隆起区的地表热流值和地温梯度值高于拗陷区的原因是由于在热流扰动区内,热流产生折射和再分配的结果。为此,我们采用数学模拟方法,研究了在不同构造形态和岩层热导率条件下,热流折射和再分配对区域热流的影响。 相似文献
10.
作为长江、黄河、澜沧江的发源地,三江源区是我国重要的水源涵养区和生态屏障。在气候变化背景下,三江源区广泛分布的冻土显著退化,对植被变化与生态环境产生深远影响,但近20年植被变化特征及其对气候与冻土变化的响应尚不明晰。基于2001—2020年间三江源区植被、气象与土壤冻融数据集,分析了过去20年间三江源区植被物候变化特征及其对气候因子与土壤冻融要素变化的响应。结果表明：三江源区归一化植被指数(NDVI)整体呈东南高、西北低的空间格局,2001—2020年间三江源区植被整体呈变绿趋势,生长季NDVI以每10年0.017的速率显著增加;植被物候显著变化,生长季延长[6.3 d·(10a)-1],主要由生长季开始日期(SOS)提前[4.9 d·(10a)-1]贡献。基于统计分析结果,气温和降水是生长季NDVI最重要的主导因素,植被对降水的敏感性在气温相对较高、降水相对较少的暖干区域更强;生长季开始前的降水是SOS最重要的主导因素。土壤冻融变化对植被生长的影响具有空间异质性,在暖干区域,土壤融化时段延长对植被生长起到抑制作用。总体来看,三江源季节冻土区... 相似文献
11.
冰消期以来宣化盆地的植被与环境 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在河北省宣化盆地黄家堡附近,作者通过对具有放射性碳测年支持的孢粉剖面的研究,揭示了该区14000aBP以来的植被和气候变化。在14000aBP~9000aBP间,宣化盆地是以油松为主的针阔混交林草原景观,海拔较高的山上还有云杉、冷杉组成的暗针叶林生长,推测当时的气候条件温凉湿润;至9000aBP~2400aBP间,宣化盆地的古植被演变成以蒿为主的草原景观,在水分、土壤条件较好的地方生长着由柳、榆、栎、桦等组成的落叶阔叶林,推测当时的气候温和湿润;2400aBP以后,宣化盆地的植被演变成以藜科为主的荒漠化草原景观,气候以凉干为特征。 相似文献
12.
A vegetation map reconstructed for the Japanese Archipelago (based upon pollen data from 28 sites and plant macrofossil data from 33 sites) at the time of last glacial maximum shows that coniferous forests covered extensive areas of the land. Boreal conifer forests (dominated by the Picea jezoensis complex, P. glehnii, Abies sachalinensis, A. mariesii, Tsuga diversifolia, and Pinus with Larix gmelinii, though the latter species was confined only to the northern part of northeastern Honshu and Hokkaido) occupied the modern cool-temperature deciduous broadleaf and mid-temperate conifer forest zones, and temperate coniferous forests (mainly Picea maximowiczii, P. polita, P. bicolor, P. koyamai, Abies firma, A. homolepis, Tsuga sieboldii, and Pinus), the present warm-temperate evergreen (laurilignosa) forest zone. Small populations of various broadleaf forest species were scattered in the full-glacial temperate conifer forest mainly along the coastal belt, and the true laurilignosa forest was limited in distribution, occurring only in the paleo-Yaku Peninsula. 相似文献
13.
14.
Karl Tilman Rost 《GeoJournal》1994,34(1):107-120
Recent investigations in and along the mountains south of the Loess Plateau (Central China) give no evidence of Pleistocene glaciations below 2800 m asl. Reliable Late-Pleistocene glacial landforms and till only occur in the Qinling Shan (3767 m). The paleosnowline in altitudes of 3250–3300 m was more than 1000 m lower than at present. A Late-Pleistocene periglacial region has been descended to about 2300 m asl, resulting an increase of the sediment yield of the rivers and intensified sediment aggradation in the valleys in and along the Qinling Shan. The Late-Pleistocene descend of the coniferous forest was comparable to the snowline depression. A spruce-fir forest dominated along the northern flank of the mountain range during the time 30-20 ka BP. Towards the end of the Pleistocene glacial periods respectively at the beginning of the following interglacial phase, dissection of alluvial deposits and terracing began in the mountain valleys and in the northern foreland. The replacement of forest vegetation by a more steppe-like vegetation as well as the loess accumulation along the northern Qinling Shan indicates increasing aridity as the climate warmed at the end of the last glacial period and during the Early Holocene. The widespread occurrence of Mid-Holocene paleosols within the loess proves a more moist and warm interval, which is followed by a drier and cooler Late Holocene period. 相似文献
15.
Full‐glacial pollen assemblages from four radiocarbon‐dated interstadial deposits in southwestern Ohio and southeastern Indiana imply the presence of herbaceous vegetation (tundra or muskeg with subarctic indicator Selaginella selaginoides) on the southern margin of the Miami lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet ca. 20 000 14C yr BP. Scattered Picea (spruce) and possibly Pinus (pine) may have developed regionally ca. 19 000 14C yr BP, and ca. 18 000 14C yr BP, respectively. Spruce stumps in growth position support a local source of pollen. Prior to the ca. 14 000 14C yr BP glacial advance, small amounts of Quercus (oak) and other deciduous pollen suggest development of regional boreal (conifer–hardwood) forests. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
Cindy Q. Tang 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2010,4(1):22-32
This paper integrates studies on the natural subtropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forests (EBLFs) and secondary succession
of the forests and plantations in Yunnan, to provide a basis for evaluating the sustainability of the forests in the mountain
ecosystems of Yunnan, China. The EBLFs include mid-montane moist, monsoon, and semi-humid categories. The monsoon EBLF yielded
the highest indices of the Shannon-Wiener H, Equitability J, Simpson D and Fisher’s alpha, followed by the mid-montane moist
EBLF, then by the semi-humid forest. Since human uses have varied widely, the plant communities ranged from pioneer deciduous
broad-leaved and/or pioneer coniferous stands to late-successional evergreen broad-leaved stands. The secondary succession
pathways were from pioneer deciduous stands of Alnus accompanied by stands of pioneer coniferous Pinus and Keteleeria, through broad-leaved and coniferous mixed stands, to late-successional evergreen broad-leaved forests of Cyclobalanopsis and Castanopsis. In Yunnan, the EBLF is commonly replaced by plantations of exotic fast-growing Eucalyptus to produce industrial wood, oil, pulp and fuel. The result has been reduced plant diversity, and great loss of soil nutrients
by erosion and runoff, as compared to the EBLF. Seventy-six plant species in the area have been ranked as critically endangered,
endangered, or vulnerable. Their condition is seen as largely attributable to habitat loss or degradation. A clear understanding
of ecological features and succession pathways of the EBLF can lead to more effective conservation and management of these
fragile forests and the mountain ecosystems. 相似文献
17.
Petr Kuneš Malene Kjærsgaard Sørensen Jan‐Pieter Buylaert Andrew S. Murray Michael Houmark‐Nielsen Bent Vad Odgaard 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2013,42(3):596-612
Previously only three terrestrial interglacial periods were known from southern Scandinavia, all of which could be relatively easily correlated within the central European stratigraphical framework. Here, we present a new interglacial–interstadial pollen, plant macrofossil and charcoal record from Trelde Klint, Denmark, and analyse its biostratigraphy, correlation with other European records, vegetation development, fire dynamics and absolute dating. Except for a slight truncation of the early part of the record, the pollen stratigraphy exhibits a full interglacial succession, including temperate trees (Quercus, Ulmus and Tilia) during its mesocratic stage. Macrofossil analysis allowed identification to species level for Quercus robur, Picea abies and two mosses. Conifers (Pinus and Picea) dominate the pollen record of the interglacial sequence, and the occurrence of Larix pollen in the top part of the interglacial record as well as in the interstadial sediments is especially indicative of this interglacial. The overall diversity of tree genera is rather low. These biostratigraphical features suggest that Trelde Klint is unique among Danish records, but it is similar to records from northern Germany. Numerical analyses (REVEALS and DCA) indicate that forests during the temperate stage were dense and that vegetation openness increased only towards the end of the interglacial, accompanied by increased fire occurrence. A short interstadial sequence with a dominance of Pinus and Betula and the presence of Larix is present above the interglacial deposit. We argue that lack of attention to differences in fire regimes may hamper understanding of between‐site correlations of interglacial pollen records. OSL dating, using a novel feldspar technique, yields an average age of 350±20 ka for the sandy sediments above the interglacial layers at Trelde Klint, suggesting that the whole interglacial–interstadial succession belongs to Marine Isotope Stage 11. 相似文献
18.
Postglacial vegetation, fire, and climate history of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The forests of the Siskiyou Mountains are among the most diverse in North America, yet the long-term relationship among climate, diversity, and natural disturbance is not well known. Pollen, plant macrofossils, and high-resolution charcoal data from Bolan Lake, Oregon, were analyzed to reconstruct a 17,000-yr-long environmental history of high-elevation forests in the region. In the late-glacial period, the presence of a subalpine parkland of Artemisia, Poaceae, Pinus, and Tsuga with infrequent fires suggests cool dry conditions. After 14,500 cal yr B.P., a closed forest of Abies, Pseudotsuga, Tsuga, and Alnus rubra with more frequent fires developed which indicates more mesic conditions than before. An open woodland of Pinus, Quercus, and Cupressaceae, with higher fire activity than before, characterized the early Holocene and implies warmer and drier conditions than at present. In the late Holocene, Abies and Picea were more prevalent in the forest, suggesting a return to cool wet conditions, although fire-episode frequency remained relatively high. The modern forest of Abies and Pseudotsuga and the present-day fire regime developed ca. 2100 cal yr B.P. and indicates that conditions had become slightly drier than before. Sub-millennial-scale fluctuations in vegetation and fire activity suggest climatic variations during the Younger Dryas interval and within the early Holocene period. The timing of vegetation changes in the Bolan Lake record is similar to that of other sites in the Pacific Northwest and Klamath region, and indicates that local vegetation communities were responding to regional-scale climate changes. The record implies that climate-driven millennial- to centennial-scale vegetation and fire change should be considered when explaining the high floristic diversity observed at present in the Siskiyou Mountains. 相似文献
19.
The environmental history of the Northern Rocky Mountains was reconstructed using lake sediments from Burnt Knob Lake, Idaho, and comparing the results with those from other previously published sites in the region to understand how vegetation and fire regimes responded to large-scale climate changes during the Holocene. Vegetation reconstructions indicate parkland or alpine meadow at the end of the glacial period indicating cold-dry conditions. From 14,000 to 12,000 cal yr B.P., abundant Pinus pollen suggests warmer, moister conditions than the previous period. Most sites record the development of a forest with Pseudotsuga ca. 9500 cal yr B.P. indicating warm dry climate coincident with the summer insolation maximum. As the amplification of the seasonal cycle of insolation waned during the middle Holocene, Pseudotsuga was replaced by Pinus and Abies suggesting cool, moist conditions. The fire reconstructions show less synchroneity. In general, the sites west of the continental divide display a fire-frequency maximum around 12,000–8000 cal yr B.P., which coincides with the interval of high summer insolation and stronger-than-present subtropical high. The sites on the east side of the continental divide have the highest fire frequency ca. 6000–3500 cal yr B.P. and may be responding to a decrease in summer precipitation as monsoonal circulation weakened in the middle and late Holocene. This study demonstrated that the fire frequency of the last two decades does not exceed the historical range of variability in that periods of even higher-than-present fire frequency occurred in the past. 相似文献