共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
利用碳酸盐矿物成分研究沉积-成岩过程中流体盐度演化──以东营凹陷沙四段低熟油烃源岩为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以东营凹陷沙四段上部烃源岩为研究对象,利用电子探针微区测试技术,对同生、成岩及成岩期后不同阶段碳酸盐矿物进行了系统分析,揭示出不同古地理位置碳酸盐成分的三种变化情况,即Mg／Ca比值①由高到低,②一直保持很高,成岩期后降低,和③由低到高,反映了不同层段从沉积到成岩直至成岩期后水体或孔隙流体盐度的三种变化历程,进而确定了该凹陷中心区域烃源岩成岩过程中处于高盐度介质环境中,对于分析该区油气生成条件具有重要意义。本文的研究思路和方法对于其它地区的类似工作也有一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
2.
本文研究了泌阳凹陷下第三系四期成岩自生矿物中流体包裹体的类型、盐度、温度和有机组分等性质。由冷冻法确定各期包裹体中盐水溶液的体系和组成,用两种方法对各期盐水溶液包裹体和烃有机包裹体的均一温度进行压力校正获得包裹体捕获温度和压力。包裹体研究结果反映了泌阳凹陷成岩流体的物理化学条件,随成岩演化,成岩流体由氯化物型转变为碳酸盐型;第三期矿物形成时成岩温度降低反映了凹陷的上升作用。包裹体的荧光特征表明包裹体的有机组分在时间和空间上的变化。 相似文献
3.
基于最新油气勘探成果及烃源岩有机地化分析数据和热模拟实验结果,评价了准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下二叠统风城组烃源岩的生烃能力,并进一步建立其生烃模式。研究区风城组发育一套沉积环境、岩性复杂多变的碱性湖泊相烃源岩,沉积水体盐度、碱度及成岩环境等变化快,致使源岩岩性复杂多变。其残余有机质丰度不高,类型为Ⅰ—Ⅱ型,大部分处于成熟阶段,热演化进程较慢。该组三个地层段均发育中—好烃源岩,少部分为很好烃源岩。风城组碱性湖泊相源岩生烃能力、模式与正常湖相源岩基本一致,为单峰式生油高峰,但其特点为生油持续时间长、总产油率远高于产气率、转化率高,主体处于生油阶段。油气勘探实践也证实玛湖凹陷是以含油为主的油气系统,在浅层或深层均以形成油藏为主。 相似文献
4.
利用石膏产状研究汶东盐湖相沉积与烃源岩特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据石膏矿物类型和产状以及其它相标志,对汶东凹陷汶ZK16 钻孔的古近系盐湖相地层进行了沉积相分析,并结合有机地球化学分析,对不同沉积相的烃源岩开展了地球化学评价。汶东凹陷石膏矿物组合较好的反映了古盐湖沉积环境、水深、盐度和底水含氧量等的变化,不同的石膏矿物组合对应着不同的沉积相和不同质量的烃源岩,其中干化泥坪相和盐化泥坪相石膏矿物组合以分散胶结状和结核状为主,其烃源岩有机质丰度较低,发育非烃源岩到差烃源岩;干盐湖相石膏矿物组合以肠状石膏和透镜状石膏为主,烃源岩有机质丰度较高,发育好到优质烃源岩;而深水盐湖相石膏矿物以纹层状石膏为主,烃源岩有机质丰度高,总体达到优质烃源岩的标准。据此,建立了盐湖相烃源岩的发育模式。该模式对于中国第三系盐湖烃源岩,特别是高演化程度的盐湖相烃源岩原始烃源岩类型研究具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
5.
烃源岩—流体相互作用模拟实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨烃源岩与孔隙流体之间相互作用过程和机理以及有机酸的生成及其影响因素,我们开展了烃源岩-流体相互作用模拟实验研究。实验结果表明：Ⅱ型干酪根形成有机酸的能力大于Ⅰ型干酪根,水的矿化度对有机酸的形成影响甚微,随着温度升高,流体中有机酸的含量也随之增大。pH值对有机酸形成的影响非常明显,中性和碱性条件更有利于生成有机酸。其中乙酸的形成有利于碳酸盐矿物的溶解,而草酸的形成不利于碳酸盐的溶解。温度对烃源岩的影响与烃源岩的矿物组成有很大的关系,对于富碳酸盐烃源岩,Ca、Mg、Na三元素在水中的溶解量,与温度呈反相关的关系,对于贫碳酸盐烃源岩,与反应温度之间则呈现出正相关的关系。而无论碳酸盐含量高低,Si在溶液中的含量都会随着温度的升高而增大。酸性溶液对烃源岩的溶解能力最强,无论原始反应溶液的酸碱性,反应结果都最终趋于弱碱性。流体的含盐量对烃源岩中Mg的溶解影响差异较大,低盐度的流体有利于Mg溶解。 相似文献
6.
为了探讨烃源岩与孔隙流体之间相互作用过程和机理以及有机酸的生成及其影响因素,我们开展了烃源岩-流体相互作用模拟实验研究。实验结果表明：Ⅱ型干酪根形成有机酸的能力大于Ⅰ型干酪根,水的矿化度对有机酸的形成影响甚微,随着温度升高,流体中有机酸的含量也随之增大。pH值对有机酸形成的影响非常明显,中性和碱性条件更有利于生成有机酸。其中乙酸的形成有利于碳酸盐矿物的溶解,而草酸的形成不利于碳酸盐的溶解。温度对烃源岩的影响与烃源岩的矿物组成有很大的关系,对于富碳酸盐烃源岩,Ca、Mg、Na三元素在水中的溶解量,与温度呈反相关的关系,对于贫碳酸盐烃源岩,与反应温度之间则呈现出正相关的关系。而无论碳酸盐含量高低,Si在溶液中的含量都会随着温度的升高而增大。酸性溶液对烃源岩的溶解能力最强,无论原始反应溶液的酸碱性,反应结果都最终趋于弱碱性。流体的含盐量对烃源岩中Mg的溶解影响差异较大,低盐度的流体有利于Mg溶解。 相似文献
7.
根据镜质体反射率、粘土矿物分析和包裹体测试数据对松辽盆地北部齐家-古龙凹陷、三肇凹陷、黑鱼泡凹陷和双城向斜的古地温进行了研究并恢复了其热历史.它们都是在明水组沉积末期达到最高古地温,从古近纪到现今古地温持续降低.各个凹陷经历的古地温高低顺序依次为：古龙凹陷 >双城向斜 >三肇凹陷 >黑鱼泡凹陷,对应最高古地温为160℃至120℃不等.成烃史研究表明：松辽盆地中-浅层主力烃源岩青山口组-段泥岩随着嫩江组的快速沉积迅速进入生烃阶段,但各地所处成烃阶段不同;齐家-古龙凹陷烃源岩在嫩江组沉积初期进入生油门限,在嫩江组-明水组沉积期为快速生烃期,现为成熟-高熟阶段;双城向斜和三肇凹陷烃源岩在嫩江组沉积中期进入生油门限,于嫩江组-明水组沉积末期为快速生烃期,现为成熟阶段;黑鱼泡凹陷烃源岩在嫩江组沉积期末进入生油门限,于四方台组-明水组沉积期为快速生烃期,现为低熟-成熟阶段. 相似文献
8.
沾化凹陷发育沙四上亚段、沙三下亚段和沙一下亚段3套烃源岩,前人对沙一下亚段烃源岩未进行深入研究。本文利用有机地球化学方法对沾化凹陷沙一下亚段烃源岩品质进行分析,研究表明沙一下亚段烃源岩有机质丰度高、干酪根类型以Ⅰ型为主,为优质烃源岩;烃源岩沉积中心位于渤南洼陷,但孤南洼陷烃源岩品质最好。孤北洼陷和孤南洼陷的部分烃源岩达到大量排烃阶段,所以勘探开发研究应重视来自沙一下亚段烃源岩的贡献。沉积环境分析表明,沙一下亚段沉积期沾化凹陷构造沉降速率较小,气候为北亚热带至暖温带中等偏干旱气候,均不支持形成优质烃源岩。沙一下亚段高品质烃源岩的形成的主要原因是高盐度导致湖泊的高生产力和良好的水体分层。湖盆高盐度是由于鲁佩期的海侵导致,海侵沿孤南洼陷—孤北洼陷—渤南洼陷的方向推进,导致孤南洼陷虽然不是沉积、沉降中心,但烃源岩品质最好。 相似文献
9.
在含油气盆地中,烃源岩在成岩演化过程中排出的孔隙流体对砂岩储层的成岩作用有着重要的影响.本文对牛庄洼陷沙四上烃源岩、沙三下烃源岩及沙三段砂岩中成岩特征进行了分析研究.在牛18-牛20断层附近及其南侧井位中,砂岩胶结物以铁白云石、绿泥石和绿/蒙混层矿物为主,含有较高含量的Ca、Mg、Fe、Sr等元素,说明该成岩期的孔隙流体中富含Ca、Mg、Fe等元素,且盐度较高,这与沙四上烃源岩排出的孔隙流体具有明显的相似性,推测其成岩流体可能主要来自沙四上烃源岩.而在牛18-牛20断层北侧,砂岩胶结物以含铁方解石为主,绿泥石和绿/蒙混层矿物仅少量存在,可见沙四上烃源岩的影响有所减弱,而沙三下烃源岩的贡献明显增加,可以认为其成岩流体为沙四上和沙三下烃源岩的混源. 相似文献
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Justin B. Ries 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2006,70(4):891-900
The Mg/Ca ratio of seawater has varied significantly throughout the Phanerozoic Eon, primarily as a function of the rate of ocean crust production. Specimens of the crustose coralline alga Neogoniolithon sp. were grown in artificial seawaters encompassing the range of Mg/Ca ratios shown to have existed throughout the Phanerozoic. Significantly, the coralline algae’s skeletal Mg/Ca ratio varied in lockstep with the Mg/Ca ratio of the artificial seawater. Specimens grown in seawater treatments formulated with identical Mg/Ca ratios but differing absolute concentrations of Mg and Ca exhibited no significant differences in skeletal Mg/Ca ratios, thereby emphasizing the importance of the ambient Mg/Ca ratio, and not the absolute concentration of Mg, in determining the Mg/Ca ratio of coralline algal calcite. Specimens grown in seawater of the lowest molar Mg/Ca ratio (mMg/Ca = 1.0) actually changed their skeletal mineralogy from high-Mg (skeletal mMg/Ca > 0.04) to low-Mg calcite (skeletal mMg/Ca < 0.04), suggesting that ancient calcitic red algae, which exhibit morphologies and modes of calcification comparable to Neogoniolithon sp., would have produced low-Mg calcite from the middle Cambrian to middle Mississippian and during the middle to Late Cretaceous, when oceanic mMg/Ca approached unity. By influencing the original Mg content of carbonate facies in which these algae have been ubiquitous, this condition has significant implications for the geochemistry and diagenesis of algal limestones throughout most of the Phanerozoic. The crustose coralline algae’s precipitation of high-Mg calcite from seawater that favors the abiotic precipitation of aragonite indicates that these algae dictate the precipitation of the calcitic polymorph of CaCO3. However, the algae’s nearly abiotic pattern of Mg fractionation in their skeletal calcite suggests that their biomineralogical control is limited to polymorph specification and is generally ineffectual in the regulation of skeletal Mg incorporation. Therefore, the Mg/Ca ratio of well-preserved fossils of crustose coralline algae, when corrected for the effect of seawater temperature, may be an archive of oceanic Mg/Ca throughout the Phanerozoic. Magnesium fractionation algorithms that model algal skeletal Mg/Ca as a function of seawater Mg/Ca and temperature are presented herein. The results of this study support the empirical fossil evidence that secular variation of oceanic Mg/Ca has caused the mineralogy and skeletal chemistry of many calcifying marine organisms to change significantly over geologic time. 相似文献
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鲕粒原生矿物识别及对海水化学成分变化的指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鲕粒是碳酸盐沉积过程中一类非常特殊的颗粒类型, 为研究当时的沉积背景、水动力条件、气候环境, 甚至储层特征提供了重要线索。然而, 鲕粒的矿物组成及控制因素问题, 长期受到忽视。组成鲕粒的原生矿物类型在地质历史时期呈周期性变化, 在显生宙表现为三个以文石和高镁方解石占主导的时期以及两个以低镁方解石占主导的时期, 这也被称作“文石海”和“方解石海”时期。原生矿物的组成, 制约着鲕粒的纹层结构、保存程度以及成岩特征, 还蕴含着海水化学成分变化的线索。鲕粒原生矿物识别主要依据:①原生纹层结构;②保存程度;③微量元素浓度, 尤其是Sr-Mg的浓度。文石质鲕粒受文石不稳定性的影响, 原生结构保存程度较差;一般保存有典型的文石残余纹层结构(例如砖砌结构、溶解变形结构以及偏心结构等);在封闭成岩环境下原生矿物为文石质的鲕粒Sr浓度往往大于2 000 ppm;纹层结构主要为切线状(占主导)和放射状。方解石质鲕粒包括低镁方解石和高镁方解石两种类型:低镁方解石为稳定矿物, 原生结构一般保存良好。尽管高镁方解石也为亚稳定矿物, 但成岩转换后的保存程度好于文石。两者Sr含量一般均低于1 000 ppm, Mg含量一般在0~20 mol % MgCO3(两者以4 mol % MgCO3为界)。高镁方解石受成岩作用影响, 在纹层中往往保留有微粒白云石包裹体;海相地层中保存的方解石质鲕粒为放射状或同心-放射状结构。另外还存在一类由两种矿物共同构成的双矿物鲕粒, 可以通过分析两类纹层在结构和保存特征上的差异进行区分。鲕粒原生矿物成分随时间的波动变化受到海水化学条件, 尤其是Mg/Ca比值, 大气二氧化碳分压以及碳酸盐饱和度的控制。Mg/Ca比值的波动决定着鲕粒原生矿物类型的长期变化规律。一些突发性事件可能会扰动(区域)短时间尺度下鲕粒原生矿物的组成, 造成鲕粒原生矿物的转换。通过研究碳酸盐鲕粒原生矿物特征以及控制因素进而了解海水的化学特征, 是独立于古生物学和地球化学分析之外的一种较为可靠的沉积学方法。 相似文献
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ALESSANDRA SPADAFORA EDOARDO PERRI† JUDITH A. MCKENZIE CRISÓGONO VASCONCELOS Associate Editor: Gert-Jan Reichart 《Sedimentology》2010,57(1):27-40
Modern Ca:Mg carbonate stromatolites form in association with the microbial mat in the hypersaline coastal lagoon, Lagoa Vermelha (Brazil). The stromatolites, although showing diversified fabrics characterized by thin or crude lamination and/or thrombolitic clotting, exhibit a pervasive peloidal microfabric. The peloidal texture consists of dark, micritic aggregates of very high‐Mg calcite and/or Ca dolomite formed by an iso‐oriented assemblage of sub‐micron trigonal polyhedrons and organic matter. Limpid acicular crystals of aragonite arranged in spherulites surround these aggregates. Unlike the aragonite crystals, organic matter is present consistently in the dark, micritic carbonate comprising the peloids. This organic matter is observed as sub‐micron flat and filamentous mucus‐like structures inside the interspaces of the high‐Mg calcite and Ca dolomite crystals and is interpreted as the remains of degraded extracellular polymeric substances. Moreover, many fossilized bacterial cells are associated strictly with both carbonate phases. These cells consist mainly of 0·2 to 4 μm in diameter, sub‐spherical, rod‐like and filamentous forms, isolated or in colony‐like clusters. The co‐existence of fossil extracellular polymeric substances and bacterial bodies, associated with the polyhedrons of Ca:Mg carbonate, implies that the organic matter and microbial metabolism played a fundamental role in the precipitation of the minerals that form the peloids. By contrast, the lack of extracellular polymeric substances in the aragonitic phase indicates an additional precipitation mechanism. The complex processes that induce mineral precipitation in the modern Lagoa Vermelha microbial mat appear to be recorded in the studied lithified stromatolites. Sub‐micron polyhedral crystal formation of high‐Mg calcite and/or Ca dolomite results from the coalescence of carbonate nanoglobules around degraded organic matter nuclei. Sub‐micron polyhedral crystals aggregate to form larger ovoidal crystals that constitute peloids. Subsequent precipitation of aragonitic spherulites around peloids occurs as micro‐environmental water conditions around the peloids change. 相似文献
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Three planktonic foraminiferal species Globigerina bulloides, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (d), and Globorotalia inflata collected from core-tops spanning 35° to 65°N in the North Atlantic were used for U/Ca and Mg/Ca and foraminiferal shell weight analyses. Except for U/Ca in G. bulloides calcified under warm conditions (>∼13 °C), U/Ca ratios in all three studied species increase with decreasing latitude and show strong positive correlations with Mg/Ca ratios. A dissolution effect on planktonic U/Ca is suggested by decreased shell weight and U/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios for shells from very deep water depth (>4.4 km) along the latitudinal transect. G. bulloides from down core samples in the North Atlantic show low U/Ca ratios during the last glacial and high ratios during the Holocene, similar to the Mg/Ca evolution trend. In general, our data indicate that the U incorporation into planktonic foraminiferal carbonates is strongly influenced by calcification temperature, although U/Ca in G. bulloides may be affected by seawater carbonate ion concentration under warm conditions and/or other factors. 相似文献
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利用富钴结壳碳酸盐基岩有孔虫矿物标型重建古海洋温度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
重建古海洋海表温度(SST),是研究地质历史时期气候变化控制过程的关键。组成有孔虫化石的矿物Mg/Ca值是海水温度的可靠代用指标,是重建古海洋SST的一个非常好的手段。麦哲伦海山区的富钴结壳和基岩中普遍存在有孔虫化石,这对重建该区的SST有重要意义。利用LA-ICP-MS测得西太平洋麦哲伦海山区富钴结壳碳酸盐基岩中8颗浮游有孔虫化石Globigerinoides sacculifer的Mg/Ca值为3.84±0.36(mmol/mol),通过线性公式:T(℃)=2.898Mg/Ca(mmol/mol)+13.76及已有的定年数据,得到0.91Ma±西太平洋麦哲伦海山区海表温度为24.9+1.1/-1.0℃,未能检索到前人关于该区0.91Ma±前海表温度数据。 相似文献
16.
The chemistry and. mineralogy of calcretes and associated calcareous fine earth from the lower River Murray Basin and Yorke Peninsula in South Australia suggest that the carbonate material was deposited as a continuous unit and subsequently modified. At each site examined the Ca/Mg ratio progressively decreases with increasing depth, and where data are available, a similar decrease in the Ca/Sr ratio is observed. This sequence is independent of the hardness or physical condition of the carbonate. In some places the carbonate from the lowest horizons is nearly pure dolomite. The change in Ca/Mg ratio with depth is considered to be due to leaching, probably during periods of the past when the climate was less arid and the rainfall penetrated to about 2 m. In the lower Murray Basin the Ca/Mg ratio of the surface calcrete horizon progressively increases from Tailetn Bend N to Sedan, and the silicate clay fraction changes from sepiolite at Tailem Bend, to palygorskite at Murray Bridge and illite at Sedan. The bedrock also varies, from magnesium‐rich amphibolites at Tailem Bend to granite at Sedan and, further, there is an apparent relation between the chemistry of the non‐carbonate fraction of the calcretes and the underlying rock. The original carbonate deposit probably formed in lakes of different chemistry, and has been modified by solution and precipitation. 相似文献
17.
Calcite Mg/Ca is usually assumed to vary linearly with solution Mg/Ca, that a constant partition coefficient describes the relationship between these two ratios. Numerous published empirical datasets suggests that this relationship is better described by a power function. We provide a compilation of these literature data for biotic and abiotic calcite in the form of Calcite Mg/Ca = F(Solution Mg/Ca)H, where F and H are empirically determined fitting parameters describing the slope and deviation from linearity, respectively, of the function. This is equivalent to Freundlich sorption behavior controlling Mg incorporation in calcite. Using a power function, instead of a partition coefficient, lowers Phanerozoic seawater Mg/Ca estimates based on echinoderm skeletal material by, on average, 0.5 mol/mol from previous estimates.These functions can also be used to model the primary skeletal calcite Mg/Ca of numerous calcite phases through geologic time. Such modeling suggests that the Mg/Ca of all calcite precipitated from seawater has varied through the Phanerozoic in response to changing seawater Mg/Ca and that the overall range in Mg/Ca measured among various calcite phases would be greatest when seawater Mg/Ca was also high (e.g., “aragonite seas”) and lowest when seawater Mg/Ca was low (e.g., “calcite seas”). It follows that, during times of “calcite seas” when the seawater Mg/Ca is presumed to have been lower, deposition of calcite with low Mg contents would have resulted in a depressed drive for diagenetic stabilization of shelfal carbonate and, in turn, lead to greater preservation of crystal and skeletal microfabrics and primary chemistries in biotic and abiotic calcites. 相似文献
18.
在Mg/Ca比值为6的Lagoa Vermelha改良培养基中,对分离自青海湖湖底沉积物的梭菌(Clostridiumsp.)进行了为期100 d的碳酸盐矿物培养实验,同时还完成了一组无菌对照实验。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别对矿物成分和形态进行了测定和观察。实验结果表明:细菌培养实验的沉淀物数量始终多于无菌对照实验;在梭菌SN-1菌株作用下形成的碳酸盐矿物组合的变化趋势是方解石→方解石+单水碳钙石→单水碳钙石+方解石→单水碳钙石,而无菌对照实验产物中矿物的演化方向是单水碳钙石+方解石→方解石+单水碳钙石;在综合分析SEM和XRD观测结果的基础上,推测哑铃状矿物可能是高镁方解石,而球状矿物可能是单水碳钙石。 相似文献
19.
世界上很多海域中的现代碳酸盐沉积正在形成,如巴哈马滩、美国的佛罗里达湾、古巴的巴塔诺湾、中东的波斯湾等地,以及丹麦的某些近海地区。产于这些海域中的现代碳酸盐沉积物,其矿物组成主要是文石,其次为镁方解石,纯方解石较少,现代白云石沉积更为少见。我国的现代碳酸盐沉积见于南海诸岛及海南岛的沿海地带。作者曾利用粉晶照相鉴定了采自我国南海二十余种珊瑚、瓣鳃类、腹足类、有孔虫等现代海相生物壳体的物相,发现除有孔虫和海胆壳是由镁方解石构成外,其余生物壳体皆由文石构成。 相似文献