共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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本文从氨基酸生物地球化学的角度,对安徽和县猿人遗址牙化石中的氨基酸进行了探讨,初步获得如下结果:1.牙釉化石的氨基酸组成中,酸性氨基酸含量极高(总量不低于30%);中性氨基酸含量也较大(总量在20%左右);碱性氨基酸含量极低,均在1%以下。 2.牙釉化石的氨基酸组成基本上取决于原生蛋白质的组成模式,但由于成岩作用的影响,使牙釉化石的氨基酸组成和含量与现生哺乳动物牙釉相比,存在较大差别。3.将测得的牙釉化石中的D-别异亮氨酸/L-异亮氨酸比值,以及根据对该地点动物化石研究而估算的平均成岩温度(12.5℃-13℃),代入有关的氨基酸测年公式,求得该猿人遗址的化石年龄为23万年。 相似文献
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化石采自浙江天台嵊县组.该地层含丰富被子植物压型化石及少量裸子植物化石.利用叶结构分析法,依据叶脉、叶尖、叶基等稳定性特征,对一种樟科植物化石的宏观形态进行了详细的研究;结合表皮特征分析,发现该化石与现生Cinnamomum bejolghota(Buch-Ham.)Sweet在叶形、叶脉特征以及表皮脉络细胞特征、气孔器类型和毛基特征等方面均很相似,因而将当前化石定名为Cinnamomum cf.bejolghota(钝叶桂相似种).通过分析化石钝叶桂的角质层微细构造特征,结合现生钝叶桂的分布范围和生存环境恢复了浙东地区中新世的古气候和古环境特征,推测当时的气候比现在更为炎热多雨,同时认为钝叶桂从中新世至今有南迁的趋势. 相似文献
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新疆且末县江尕勒萨依村杨叶组首次发现了大量孢粉化石。经鉴定共计37属81种,根据孢粉化石组合特征及地层分布将其命名为Cyathidites-Neoraistrickia-Disacciatrileti组合,时代为中侏罗世早期,与西北区、华北区同时代地层中孢粉组合可以很好的对比。通过研究孢粉组分与母本植物的亲缘关系,得出中侏罗世早期江尕勒萨依地区植被主要由真蕨类植物、石松类植物和乔木的松柏类及苏铁类组成,反映古气候为热带-亚热带湿润气候。 相似文献
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本文在原古生物化石微机鉴定系统的基础上,通过引入模糊数学、压缩特征数据编码系统和增强数据库功能,对原系统的特征数据代码、化石相似程度的判定以及数据库管理等三方面作了改进,使其不但能够进行化石鉴定,而且还能进行化石组合分析、化石系统分类以及化石定义的研究。 相似文献
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河南省恐龙蛋化石研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
该文对河南省恐龙蛋化石的分类和命名、恐龙蛋化石在各个沉积盆地中的分布特征以及恐龙蛋化石的新类型进行了扼要综述。从含蛋层的岩性、蛋化石埋藏的古微地貌、蛋化石 在岩层中的分布和排列方式及保存形式、恐龙蛋与恐龙骨骼化石和其他生物门类化石的共生以及恐龙蛋化石的芡生组合特征等方面论述了恐龙蛋化石的埋藏特征。对恐龙的生活方式、产蛋方式及生态习性、恐龙蛋化石大量富集的机理及恐龙蛋“挂”在石板下的原因等问题进行了 相似文献
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贺兰山北段晚石炭世和早二叠世植物群古生态研究 总被引：9，自引：6，他引：9
对贺兰山北段呼鲁斯太和沙巴台地区晚石炭世和早二叠世植物化石进行了研究，共鉴定植物化石２０属４０种，讨论了植物群的性质和时代。在研究植物群特征基础上，分析了植物化石埋藏类型，论证了植物群的古生态特征，划分了５个植物群落：（１）Ｂｏｔｈｒｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｃｉｒｃｕｌａｒｅ群落；（２）Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｓｕｂｒｈｏｍｂｉｃｕｍ群落；（３）Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｓｚｅｉａｎｕｍ群落；（４）Ｔａｅ－ｎｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｍｕｃｒｏｎａｔａ群落；（５）Ｐｅｃｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ群落。这５个植物群落的时代分别相当于晚石炭世早期、晚石炭世中期、晚石炭世晚期、早二叠世早期和早二叠世晚期。石松类植物在晚石炭世沼泽环境最为丰富，以华夏植物区大量的特有种为特征。而蕨类植物和种子蕨类植物在早二叠世的泥炭沼泽和泛滥平原环境占优势。这些植物群落在晚石炭世和早二叠世广泛分布在不同演化阶段的泥炭沼泽和碎屑低地环境，指示温暖潮湿的气候条件。 相似文献
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本文系统报道了内蒙古呼伦贝尔市莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗鸽子山化石点下白垩统龙江组孢粉化石,共鉴定49属70种。孢粉组合中,裸子植物花粉占主要地位,主要为气囊分化不完善的“古老型”花粉,南洋杉科、松科、罗汉松科和苏铁类花粉占有一定比例;蕨类植物孢子占次要地位,主要为桫椤科孢子,石松科、海金沙科、卷柏科孢子有一定含量;被子植物花粉少量出现。依据组合面貌,将其命名为Cyathidites--Taxodiaceaepollenites--Tricolpopollenites组合。根据特征分子推断,该孢粉组合所指示的地质时代为早白垩世Aptian--Albian期。孢粉母体植物生态习性反映鸽子山地区早白垩世晚期的气候以温暖、湿润为主,并可能伴有季节性干旱。 相似文献
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Interaction of organic compounds with calcium carbonate—III. Amino acid composition of sorbed layers
Nitrogenous organic compounds in sorbed surface layers and in calcified organic matter associated with calcium carbonate sediment particles consist of 40–50% amino acids, 2% amino sugars and 25% ammonia. In grain size classes > 20 μm these compounds are mainly contained in the calcified protein of carbonate secreting organisms but with smaller grain sizes—and consequently increased specific surface area—they are contained in sorbed layers at the mineral surface. The composition of the sorbed layer is characterized by a predominance of neutral amino acids, a relative enrichment of basic and weakly polar amino acids, and a deficiency of acidic amino acids in comparison with the proteinaceous matter of calcifying organisms. The respective abundances for sorbed and calcified matter are: 505 and 380 Res./ of neutral amino acids, 262 and 450 Res./1000 of acidic amino acids, 92 and 51 Res./l000 of basic amino acids, and 141 and 129 Res./1000 of weakly polar amino acids.The composition of the sorbed layer appears to be the result of sorption of proteinaceous matter from solution since it reflects the free and peptide-bound amino acid composition of seawater. The characteristic amino acid assemblage could also be the result of preferential decomposition of protein and subsequent enrichment of neutral and basic amino acids; however, sorption from solution appears more likely since the total amount of amino acids sorbed to calcium carbonate (0.58 mg m ?2) corresponds closely to the amount of protein known to cover one m2 of aqueous substrate in monolayer arrangement. Sorption from solution is further supported by the low arginine/ornithine ratios in both the sorbed layer and the natural dissolved organic matter. This process might lead to a characteristic amino acid spectrum in fine grained calcareous sediments that reflects the composition of the dissolved organic matter in seawater rather than that of the carbonate secreting proteinaceous matter. 相似文献
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Thirty-eight fossil coral samples of known age from late Pleistocene uplifted reef terraces have been analyzed for amino acid composition and for the degree of racemization of selected amino acids. Particular attention has been given to the epimerization (racemization about the α-carbon) of isoleucine. The ratios observed in many of these samples do not conform to the concept of increasing racemization being associated with increasing fossil age. It is shown that sixteen of the samples demonstrate concordance between their known age and the age estimated from racemization data. Racemization ages are based upon a kinetic model derived from the kinetics observed in foraminifera in marine sediments and published estimates of the temperature dependence of the isoleucine epimerization reaction. Lack of concordance for the remaining samples is explained by either of two separate diagenetic phenomena: extensive leaching of free amino acids from the fossil, or contamination by ‘young’ amino acids. Ambiguities observed in many of the results may be due to the fact that coralline organic matter can have a complex history because of variations in its source and in its relation to the mineral phase. Neither of these factors has been observed to exert such a significant effect on racemization kinetics observed in fossil foraminifera or molluscs. Fossil corals are of only modest value as specimens for amino acid geochronological studies. 相似文献
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Zenobi R Philippoz JM Zare RN Wing MR Bada JL Marti K 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1992,56(7):2899-2905
We have analyzed the H4 ordinary chondrite Forest Vale for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using two-step laser mass spectrometry (L2MS) and for amino acids using a standard chromatographic method. Indigenous PAHs were identified in the matrices of freshly cleaved interior faces but could not be detected in pulverized silicates and chondrules. No depth dependence of the PAHs was found in a chipped interior piece. Amino acids, taken from the entire sample, consisted of protein amino acids that were nonracemic, indicating that they are terrestrial contaminants. The presence of indigenous PAHs and absence of indigenous amino acids provides support for the contention that different processes and environments contributed to the synthesis of the organic matter in the solar system. 相似文献
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William A. Bonner Neal E. Blair Richard M. Lemmon Jose J. Flores Glenn E. Pollock 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1979,43(11):1841-1846
The optically pure d- and l-enantiomers of isovaline (I), which cannot be racemized by ordinary chemical mechanisms involving α-hydrogen removal, and which has been isolated in apparently racemic form from the Murchison meteorite, have been subjected to partial radiolysis by the ionizing radiation from a 3000 Ci 60Co γ-ray source. Both in the anhydrous and hydrated solid states and as solid sodium or hydrochloride salts each enantiomer suffered significant radioracemization of the undestroyed residue during its partial radiolysis. The sodium salt of isovaline in 0.1 M aqueous solution suffered extensive radiolysis with relatively small radiation doses, but showed no detectable radioracemization. The significance of these observations with respect to the primordial enantiomeric composition of the isovaline (and other amino acids) indigenous to meteroties is discussed. 相似文献
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Using procedures employed for protein sequencing to remove NH2-terminal amino acids, the degree of epimerization of COOH-terminal isoleucine in dipeptides from fossil mollusc shells has been measured directly. The results show that isoleucine in this position is highly epimerized in fossil dipeptides and that the COOH-terminal isoleucine is more highly epimerized than the free amino acid. Hydrolysis of the highly epimerized terminal isoleucine leads to the high alloisoleucine/isoleucine values found in the free amino acid fraction. The results also provide evidence for the formation of diketopiperazines in fossils as a mechanism to account for the high degree of epimerization of COOH-terminal isoleucine. 相似文献
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氨基酸是生命物质中普遍存在的一类重要的有机化合物,它是构成蛋白质的“砖块”。一个最简单的氨基酸分子至少必须含有一个羧基和一个氨基的官能团。在生物的蛋白质中通常只包括有二十种氨基酸,叫做蛋白氨基酸。但是自然界还存在其它种类的氨基酸,因为它们一般不存在于蛋白质中,所以叫做非蛋白氨基酸。除了最简单的甘氨酸外,所有的氨基酸都含有一个以上的不对称的碳原子。含有一个不对称碳原子的氨基酸可以存在L和D型两种结构的对映体。所有的蛋白质氨基酸都属L构型。 相似文献
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Distributions of amino acids in some Florida peats have been compared with distributions in plants living now at the surface of the peats and in surface litter. Quantitative determinations were made by gas chromatography of volatile derivatives of both protein and non-protein amino acids. The latter. found also in mineral soils, are believed to represent bacterial cell constituents and/or anabolites. α,?-diaminopimelic acid, a constituent of the mureide complex of bacterial cell walls, was found in peats and surface litter, as were other acids believed in soil ecosystems to result from the living processes of microorganisms. The protein amino acids in peats do not show a distinctive signature of any particular kind of organism, but the nature and concentrations of the non-protein acids support the inference that the higher plant constituents are extensively re-worked and that essentially all of the amino acid material in peats is microbial in proximate origin. Thus microbial amino acids appear to be quite significant participants in the input to coalification. 相似文献
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Keith A. Kvenvolden Etta Peterson Jon Wehmiller P.E. Hare 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1973,37(10):2215-2225
Ratios of d- to l-amino acids in acid hydrolysates from foraminifera of two deep-sea cores from the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean increase with depth and consequently with age over a span from 40,000 to 2,000,000 yr. The changing ratios do not seem to follow first-order reversible rate laws. Valine, leucine and glutamic acid apparently racemize (isoleucine epimerizes) at slower rates than do phenylalanine, alanine, aspartic acid and proline. The general relative order for rates of racemization of total (free and bound) amino acids may depend on the electron-withdrawing capacity of the R substituents of the amino acids and on the rates with which the amino acids are naturally hydrolyzed. In contrast to the total amino acids, the free amino acids in these samples are more extensively racemized, probably as a result of various catalytic and hydrolytic reactions.Previous related work based on ion-exchange chromatography has considered only ratios of alloisoleucine to isoleucine. With the gas chromatographic method used here, d/l ratios of all common asymmetric amino acids can be estimated. Measurement of the extent of racemization of amino acids in marine sediments seems to provide the basis for a geochronological tool covering the last few million years. 相似文献
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William A. DiMichele Cortland F. Eble Dan S. Chaney 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1996,31(1-4)
Over 800 mud-filled casts of upright lycopsid tree stumps have been documented immediately above the Mahoning coal in an active underground mine located in northwestern Jefferson County, Ohio. The coal body originated as a pod-shaped peat body of 60 km2. Trees are rooted at several levels within a thin (15–40 cm) bone coal directly above the banded coal; they extend upward up to 15 cm into overlying, flat-bedded, carbonaceous mudstones that coarsen up. From a maximum basal diameter of 1.2 m, stumps taper upward to diameters no less than 0.3 m. Within single-entry transects, < 6 m wide that total 2585 m in length, stumps are randomly distributed. The trees are identified as lepidodenrids on the basis of gross morphology, external stem patterns, and attached stigmarian root systems, and provisionally as Lepidophloios or Lepidodendron by associated palynology of the enclosing matrix. Palynological analyses of incremental seam samples indicate an initial dominance of lycopsid spores with lepidodendracean affinities (Lycospora granulata from Lepidophloios hallii), replaced upwards by tree-fern spores, with a reoccurrence of lepidodendracean spores in the upper benches: spores of Sigillaria (Crassispora) are abundant only at the base of the coal. Petrographic analyses indicate a prallel trend from vitrinite-rich to inertinite- and liptinite-rich upward in the coal body. All data indicate that the peat represented by the Mahoning coal was drowned slowly. During the earliest stages of inundation, a lycopsid forest was re-established, only to be subsequently drowned. 相似文献