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1.
建立城市应急地下水源地,有利于提高应对水资源危机事件的供水保障能力。本文对湘潭市河西应急地下水源地的水文地质条件进行了详细的研究,认为该水源地由白垩系罗镜滩组(K2lj)灰质砾岩含水层构成,面积较大,厚度稳定,岩溶发育,水量丰富,水质优良,可开采量达78486 m3/d,且稳定可靠。针对2020年规划的湘潭市主城区及九华经开区的146万人口,无论是20 L/人·天还是50 L/人·天标准下的基本饮用水应急需求,均有保障,建议将应急水源地建设纳入城市基础设施建设和水资源开发规划之中,充分保证湘潭市区的供水安全。 相似文献
2.
Groundwater exploitation and recharge rate estimation of a quaternary sand aquifer in Dar-es-Salaam area,Tanzania 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ibrahimu Chikira Mjemah Marc Van Camp Kristine Martens Kristine Walraevens 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,63(3):559-569
Dar-es-Salaam City gets water supply from surface water and groundwater. The groundwater is used to supplement surface water
supply and has increasingly become a major source of water supply in the city. The study area comprises three major parts:
the central coastal plain with quaternary fluvial–deltaic sediments, the deltaic Mio-Pliocene clay-bound sands and gravels
in the northwest and southeast and the Lower Miocene fluviatile sandstones of Pugu Hills in the west of the study area. The
main objective of this study was to quantify the integrated water balance. The major source of renewable groundwater in the
aquifer is rainfall. Hence, the average recharge of 256.2 mm/year (for the year 2006) to the aquifer was estimated using the
balance method of Thornthwaite and Mather, which is equal to 99.4 hm3/year for the whole alluvial aquifer. This value was balanced with total groundwater abstraction of 8.59 hm3/year, baseflow to rivers of 75.7 hm3/year and discharge into the sea (15.11 hm3/year). 相似文献
3.
《China Geology》2021,4(1):178-184
To study the current status and causes of the microplastic pollution in surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this paper compared the average microplastic abundance in sediments and surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the results are as follows. First, the average microplastic abundance in surface water of the independent rivers and the whole area is 247–2686 items/m3 and 856 items/m3, respectively. The average microplastic abundance in sediments of independent rivers or lakes and the whole area is 0–933 items/m2 and 362 items/m2, respectively. Meanwhile, the degree of microplastic pollution in river sediments is higher than that in lake sediments, and the rivers suffering from microplastic pollution mainly include the Brahmaputra River, Tongtian River, and Nujiang River. Second, compared with the microplastic pollution in other areas of the world, the levelof microplastic pollution in the lakes and rivers of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is not lower than that of well-developed areas with more intensive human activities. Finally, this study suggests that relevant government departments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen waste management strategies while developing tourism and that much attention should be paid to the impacts of microplastics in the water environment.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
4.
我国煤炭城市实现可持续发展的思路与对策研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
我国共有煤炭型城市63座,其中典型的煤炭城市31座,一半以上分布于东北三省和山西省。煤炭型城市的稳定及可持续发展面临的主要问题有：经济结构单一,煤炭企业普遍亏损,生态破坏与环境污染严重,下岗失业人员增多、社会矛盾突出,城市布局分散、功能弱化。实现煤炭型城市可持续发展应遵循以下基本思路：①加强煤炭资源的综合开发与深度加工;②积极探索和发展非煤替代产业;③建立现代企业制度,调整企业组织结构;④加强生态型城市建设。煤炭型城市实现可持续发展不仅要有内部动力,还要有外部支持系统、相应的政策措施作保证,如建立煤炭型城市经济转型储备基金,运用政府补偿的财政支持手段,实施产业援助等优惠政策,尽可能减低各种税费支出,尽快将环境补偿费纳入资源补偿费的范畴。 相似文献
5.
长（沙）－平（江）白垩系红层盆地，公认为贫水地区。我院在机场附近找到了单井日产水量〉５３００ｍ＾３的优质地下水，一举解决了长沙黄花国际机场的供水问题。这项勘察成果，不仅解决了机场的水源地，而且对长－平红层盆地的水文地质研究、勘查和找水建井等，均具有现实意义。 相似文献
6.
Evaluating Boolean,AHP and WLC methods for the selection of waste landfill sites using GIS and satellite images 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Himan Shahabi Soroush Keihanfard Baharin Bin Ahmad Mohammad Javad Taheri Amiri 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(9):4221-4233
The city of Saqqez has a population of 140,000 people, making it one of the largest cities in Iran. Population growth, consumerism, and change in eating habits, such as the increased use of packaged products, is causing the accumulation of waste in this city to increase. In this study, the selection of a waste landfill site for Saqqez focused on 13 layers of geography information that was used by the IDRISI and Arc GIS software. Different models of the analytic multi-criteria decision-making process, such as an analytical hierarchy process (AHP), weighted linear combination (WLC), and Boolean logic, were used to manage layers to establish specific databases for urban waste landfills. Satellite images (Landsat ETM+ and SPOT 5), proposed sites and a land use map of the study area were also used. The results of this study indicated that two methods (AHP and WLC) in the early stages had better decision-making powers for locating landfill sites when compared to Boolean logic. Overlapping and compounding the similarities between these models in Arc GIS software, a 74-ha site was found. This site will be able to accept 130 tons of waste per day for the next 20 years. 相似文献
7.
8.
Spatial inequality in municipal solid waste disposal across regions in developing countries 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
The regional inequalities in socio-economical characteristics such as income, population density, age composition, unemployment rate and the education level may bring about variation in waste generation, recycling and collection. Using environmental Kuznets curve, the factors affecting municipal solid waste disposal are examined. The results demonstrate that an inverted N-shaped curve executes on municipal solid waste disposal for all regions. As personal disposable income increases, per capita municipal solid waste disposed firstly declines, then grows at the second stage and finally decreases again. All the explanatory variables including economic factors, social characteristics and geographical barriers are found to influence municipal solid waste disposal significantly. Each person increase in population density leads to an increase in municipal solid waste disposed by approximately 1.17 ×10?4 kg/day. Each percent increase in age composition results in a decrease in municipal solid waste disposed by approximately 0.0224 kg/day; in the unemployment rate causes a decrease of 0.0901 kg/day and in the education level results in a decrease of 0.01556 kg/day. In general, municipal solid waste disposal starts to increase at the first turning point of personal disposable income NT$ 198,000 (about US$ 6,280) and to decrease at the second point of NT$ 389,000 (about US$ 12,350) for all regions (pooled data). The rural regions, however, cannot support the inverted N-shaped curve by the ‘reduced form’ while urban regions have a significant outcome. This result implies that income can only explain a portion of variation while other social and geographical factors contribute a lot to identify the variation in municipal solid waste disposal between urban and rural regions. 相似文献
9.
安徽省宿州市是以超采中深层承压孔隙水为主的缺水城市。随着社会经济的快速发展和城市规模的不断扩大,对地下水的开采量显著增加,地下水降落漏斗面积日益增大。分析了宿州市水资源开发利用现状及问题,提出水资源可持续开发利用对策。 相似文献
10.
长江三角洲水环境水资源研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
长江三角洲包括三角洲平原及周边丘陵山地,天然的水环境良好,多年平均当地水资源量为537.79×108m3,长江干流多年平均过境水量9730×108m3,水资源丰富。目前,长江总体水质尚好,主泓水质多为Ⅱ类,沿岸部分具有Ⅲ类水。太湖是上海、苏州、无锡的主要饮用水源,但水质一直在下降,总体为Ⅲ类水(占70%),Ⅱ类水仅占15%,其他河道、小湖泊均为Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类水。钱塘江水系以Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类水为主。京杭运河为Ⅴ类、劣Ⅴ类水。随着人口增加、城镇扩展和乡镇企业快速发展,水环境污染日趋严重,清洁淡水水源日益缩减。长江三角洲平原地区出现水质性缺水,浙东宁波舟山主要是缺乏工程调剂用水。文章建议:1)应用GIS技术,作流域性水环境水资源模型,以解决平原水网区水质、水量的调控、决策和管理;2)浙东缺水区需从全省范围规划建设大区域水利工程,解决供水,避免各县市单独、分散局部规划建设;3)三角洲的洪涝灾害主要是不合理开发引起的。建议按水系自然规律整治河道,去除障碍,减少淤积,降低水位,让洪水流量有畅通去路,同时配合非工程防洪措施以综合防治洪水灾害。长江三角洲由于水环境污染造成的水质性缺水提供了人们研究人和自然环境和谐地相关发展的一个最好例证。 相似文献
11.
岷江水流量约为8.9×1010m3/yr,约占长江全流域水量10%。作者对4个监测站监测数据的分析发现,岷江TZ 高于世界河流平均值,具有富HCO3-、Ca2 特征;流域化学剥蚀通量为20.48×106t/yr,约占长江流域的10%;化学剥蚀速率为155.9t/km2.yr。岷江在流经四川盆地时主要离子SO42-、Cl-和Ca2 均已受到了人类活动较为严重的影响,酸雨是SO42-的主要污染来源,Cl的污染来源包括生活和工业废水、化肥和井盐开采,农业生产使用的富Ca化肥应是河流Ca污染源之一。 相似文献
12.
资源枯竭城市衍生灾害问题探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
随着时间的推移，我国将有大量的各类矿业城市资源全部或部分枯竭。在资源枯竭过程中会产生大量新的衍生灾害。文中介绍了资源枯竭城市继续大规模损毁土地、岩层结构抗震性能降低、水资源流失、塌陷区积水、废旧地下采场积水形成地下暗湖、固体废矿渣积存污染、有害气体污染、大型露天矿闭坑后对环境影响等主要衍生灾害类型和现象；分析了资源枯竭城市衍主灾害国内外的研究现状和发展趋势；根据灾害现象，探讨了资源枯竭城市地层结构，水、气循环系统，生态系统与降雨(雪)、地震、地应力场调整等多种、多相复杂环境耦合作用而导致灾害的原理；提出了研究资源枯竭城市衍生灾害演化的复杂巨系统模型，多相、多场耦合作用下大面积采动地层结构演变与灾变机理，地表及地下水系破坏动态演化机理及地下水的污染、扩散与迁移规律以及废弃矿山有害气体生成、迁移、致灾机理及控制等几方面科学技术难题；该科学难题具有非线性、随机性、复杂性等特点，须深入开展以现代科学交叉、融合为特征，以现代高新技术为标志的资源枯竭城市衍生灾害机理与控制的基础理论研究，为科学有效地防灾减灾、保护环境提供理论基础。 相似文献
13.
The city of Seoul is home to more than 10 million people in an area of 605 km2. Groundwater is abstracted for public water supply and industrial use, and to drain underground facilities and construction
sites. Though most tap water is supplied from the Han River, the quantity and quality of groundwater is of great concern to
Seoul's citizens, because the use of groundwater for drinking water is continuously increasing. This study identifies the
major factors affecting the urban water budget and quality of groundwater in the Seoul area and estimates the urban water
budget. These factors include leakage from the municipal water-supply system and sewer systems, precipitation infiltration,
water-level fluctuations of the Han River, the subway pumping system, and domestic pumping. The balance between groundwater
recharge and discharge is near equilibrium. However, the quality of groundwater and ability to control contaminant fluxes
are impeded by sewage infiltration, abandoned landfills, waste dumps, and abandoned wells.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
14.
A survey of household domestic water consumption patterns in rural semi-arid village, India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In India, as a result of development, the demand for water is increasing both in urban and rural areas. This may increase tensions and disputes over sharing of water resources. For water demand management, it is crucial to know the details of actual water use on a household level. Therefore, this paper explores the pattern of domestic water consumption in semi-arid Dhani Mohabbatpur village of Hisar district in Haryana state of India, to improve the understanding of how local communities in the region relate to water, based on questionnaires and interview surveys of 763 households. The study has examined the households daily and activity wise water consumption, sources, quality, duration, frequency of water supply, distance of different sources and the level of awareness about rainwater harvesting. Results of the study revealed that the daily average water consumption for the village was found to be 117.0 l per person per capita per day (SD = 35.8). Washing of clothes consumes the highest amount of water, whereas 85 % of the households are using government water supplies with very safe water quality. However, 77 % households are not satisfied with duration of water supply and 86 % do not have awareness about rainwater harvesting technology. This needs to be addressed immediately by changing public perception through media and by organizing public awareness programs. It is hoped that the results of the study would benefit the policy and planning executives in India in optimizing the existing water resources for rural development. 相似文献
15.
Changes in groundwater chemistry due to metallurgical activities in an alluvial aquifer in the Moa area (Cuba) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The aim of this work is to evaluate the changes in groundwater chemistry in an alluvial aquifer in the Moa area. Surface and ground water, metallurgical waste and various geological material samples were collected in order to evaluate groundwater composition. The results show that the alluvial aquifer is polluted with SO42-, Mg2+and heavy metals. According to its major components in the alluvial aquifer, two types of groundwater are identified: magnesi-bicarbonated and sulphate-magnesic. Maximum SO42– and Mg2+ contents are more than 1000 mg/L, and are four times higher than the acceptable levels for human consumption of water. The high values of Cr(VI), Ni(II), Mn(II) Fe(total), SO42– and Mg2+ in alluvial aquifers are due to polluted recharge from metallurgical waste from the tailing dam. This recharge is favoured by the preferential flow due to desiccation cracks in metallurgical waste. Geochemical modelling showed that potentially toxic heavy metals might exist largely in the forms of MSO42– and M2+ in pore water of SAL metallurgical waste. All samples were supersaturated in goethite and hematite. Results from batch testing indicate that the heavy metals have two origins: natural, due to the existing ultramaphic rocks and laterites, and anthropogenic, by metallurgical waste rich in sulphate and (oxy)hydroxide minerals. These results highlight the need to locate and evaluate a new water source to supply the population of the city of Moa. 相似文献
16.
L. Oyebande Dr. 《GeoJournal》1978,2(5):403-412
The gap between water need and supply has widened steadily in Nigeria's urban centres despite continuous efforts made to develop the nation's vast surface and groundwater resources. Less than 0.5% of the total water resource potential has been developed for consumption, and the per capita water supply for all uses is only 61 litres per day. Acute water shortages afflict the inhabitants of the towns and cities. The bulk of available water supplies is unmetered; where metered, ridiculously low rates are changed. Thus, there is a great need for management policy that aims at financial viability and economic efficiency. More realistic water rates should be charged in order to raise the much-needed revenue to meet increasing production and distribution costs. 相似文献
17.
南水北调供水的重点是城市,而城市用水最大的是工业,受水区工业用水占城市总用水的65.6%.遵照朱镕基总理关于南水北调工程“先节水后调水”的指示,开展受水区工业节水的分析工作意义重大。重点对黄淮海流域以及南水北调中、东线工程受水区的工业用水、节水现状、节水潜力及节水投资与效益等进行了分析。得出了区域工业节水在全国处在相对较高水平,工业节水的重点在现有工业及乡镇工业,但节水不能完全解决工业用水增长需求等结论。 相似文献
18.
John W. Day 《Estuaries and Coasts》1983,6(1):10-19
The carbon dynamics of six estuarine ponds at Morehead City, North Carolina, were measured from August 1969 through August 1970. Three waste ponds received secondary treated sewage effluent and three served as controls. Total organic levels were determined by combustion with a Beckman total carbon analyzer. Inorganic levels were calculated from temperature, pH, and carbonate alkalinity. Carbon dioxide diffusion across the air-water interface was measured with a floating plastic dome and an infrared gas analyzer. Carbon metabolism was determined from diurnal changes in total inorganic carbon. From October through April the wastereceiving ponds were characterized by an intense bloom of a small alga,Monodus guttula. During the bloom organic levels reached 75 mg C per 1. The warmer months were characterized by a more diverse flora and organic concentrations averaging 25 mg per 1. Organic levels in the control ponds seldom were greater than 10 mg per 1. CO2 diffused constantly out of the control ponds due to input of high alkalinity water supersaturated with inorganic carbon. During the bloom in the waste ponds diffusion of CO2 from the atmosphere was as high as 0.5 g C per m2 per day. CO2 diffused into the water constantly because the high uptake rate of inorganic carbon by the small algae reduced the levels in the water to less than 5 mg per 1. Gross production of the waste receiving ponds avearaged 2,86 g C per m2 per day during the bloom and 2.44 during the non-bloom period. The average productivity of the control ponds was 1.7. Corrections for CO2 diffusion were significant in the control ponds and in the waste ponds during theMonodus bloom. Availability of carbon from diffusion and respiratory regeneration seemed to limit phytoplankton productivity during the bloom. The annual budgets for the two sets of ponds were distinctly different. For the control ponds, the input of organic matter was nearly equal to losses indicating almost no net production of organic material. A high net loss of organic material and a net gain of inorganic carbon for the waste ponds reflected the net productive nature. 相似文献
19.
Groundwater is a finite resource that is threatened by pollution all over the world. Shimabara City, Nagasaki, Japan, uses groundwater for its main water supply. During recent years, the city has experienced severe nitrate pollution in its groundwater. For better understanding of origin and impact of the pollution, chemical effects and surface–groundwater interactions need to be examined. For this purpose, we developed a methodology that builds on joint geochemical analyses and advanced statistical treatment. Water samples were collected at 42 sampling points in Shimabara including a part of Unzen City. Spatial distribution of water chemistry constituents was assessed by describing Stiff and Piper diagrams using major ions concentrations. The nitrate (NO3?+?NO2–N) concentration in 45% of water samples exceeded permissible Japanese drinking level of 10 mg L??1. Most of the samples showed Ca–HCO3 or Ca–(NO3?+?SO4) water types. Some samples were classified into characteristic water types such as Na–Cl, (Na?+?K)–HCO3, (Na?+?K)–(SO4?+?NO3), and Ca–Cl. Thus, results indicated salt water intrusion from the sea and anthropogenic pollution. At the upstream of Nishi River, although water chemistry was characterized as Ca–HCO3, ion concentrations were higher than those of other rivers. This is probably an effect of disinfection in livestock farming using slaked lime. Positive correlation between NO3? and SO42?, Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+, and Cl? (r?=?0.32–0.64) is evidence that nitrate pollution sources are chemical fertilizers and livestock waste. Principal component analysis showed that chemistry of water samples can be explained by three main components (PCs). PC1 depicts general ion concentration. PC2 and PC3 share influence from chemical fertilizer and livestock waste. Cluster analyses grouped water samples into four main clusters. One of these is the general river chemistry mainly affected by PC1. The others reflect anthropogenic activities and are identified by the combination of the three PCs. 相似文献
20.
Beijing, the capital city of China, has suffered from acute water shortage, with only 300 m3/a of water resources available per capita. In addition, Beijing has experienced a prolonged period of consecutive droughts from 1999 to 2010. Water crisis has constrained the socio-economic development of Beijing. Meanwhile, the national "South-to-North Water Transfer"(STNWT) project, which is expected to provide some relief to the water crisis in Beijing, is still under development. In order to ensure the security of water supply in Beijing before the completion of the STNWT project, several measures have been implemented to cope with droughts, including pumping groundwater from emergency well fields,water saving, recycling of water, rain and flood water harvesting, and the diversion of water from neighboring rivers and groundwater basins. Groundwater from four emergency well fields contributes the most to the public and domestic water supplies in Beijing, supplying a total volume of 1.8×10~9 m~3.The water crisis is supposed to be mitigated by the completion of the STNWT project. After the completion of this project, more sustainable management of water resources will be implemented,including the use of aquifers as groundwater reservoirs and conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater resources. 相似文献