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1.
根据2007年8月(夏季),11月(秋季),2008年1月(冬季)和2010年4月(春季)在胶州湾海域测得的p H、溶解无机碳(DIC)、总碱度(Alk),以及通过以上参数计算得到的二氧化碳分压(p CO2)的数据,结合现场的化学、水文、生物等参数,探讨和分析了该海域的二氧化碳各参数的分布特征、季节变化和影响因素。结果表明:胶州湾p H、DIC、Alk和p CO2的年变化范围分别为:7.77—8.30,1949.2—2201.8μmol/kg,2033.9—2382.5μmol/kg和89.9—745.3μatm,均呈现明显的时空变化。温度是影响胶州湾碳酸盐体系的主要影响因素之一,同时陆地径流和降水会降低海水碳酸盐体系中各参数的含量,但是人类活动和生物活动也会在一定程度上增加DIC、Alk和p CO2的含量。  相似文献   

2.
黄河口泥沙颗粒表面电荷的微电泳研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
黄河是世界河流中携带泥沙颗粒最多的河流。泥沙的沉积不仅受物理因素,也受化学因素的控制,例如受表面电荷的控制。研究黄河口水中悬浮体颗粒的表面电荷,有助于探求河口区域的悬浮物沉积规律。本文测定了不同盐度下黄河口水体中悬浮粒子的电泳行为,得到如下结果:(1)所有悬浮粒子均带负电荷。(2)粒子Zeta电位的负值随盐度增大而减小。这个结果与文献报道(欧洲一些河流的)情况一致。  相似文献   

3.
作者在 1 999年夏季的航次中 ,获得了南黄海表层海水 p CO2 的实测数据。本文结合水文、化学和生物等要素的同步观测资料 ,对影响 p CO2 分布和变化的某些重要现象进行了初步探讨。研究表明南黄海表层海水 p CO2 的分布存在较大的不均匀性 ,这是边缘海区海水中生物、物理和化学因素复合作用的结果。除长江口门外的 p CO2 高值区外 ,南黄海表层海水的 p CO2 值与叶绿素、水温大体呈负相关 ,而与海水的盐度基本上呈正相关。  相似文献   

4.
在210Pb定年的基础上,对取自长江口外缺氧区内外的柱样沉积物开展了10种常量元素、13种微量元素和粒度的测定分析,研究了其物源及分布特征。结果表明,缺氧区外柱样沉积物主要来源于老黄河口海岸泥沙,大部分元素具有"粒度控制"规律。缺氧区内沉积物主要来源于夏季长江陆源的输入和海洋自生生物死亡后的沉降,部分氧化还原敏感元素(RSE)和亲生物元素不受控于"粒控效应",其中Mo、Cd、As等氧化还原敏感元素自20世纪70年代以来明显富集,分别增加了83%、73%和50%,而Mn出现贫化,指示了缺氧区水体富营养化加剧和底层水体季节性缺氧,引起底层水-沉积物界面氧化还原环境变化;亲生物元素Ca、Sr、P含量自20世纪70年代起分别增加了129%、65%和38%,反映了受化肥使用等人类活动影响,近40年来长江口外水体生产力提高和生物量增加。  相似文献   

5.
黄河是世界河流中携带泥沙颗粒最多的河流。泥沙的沉积不仅受物理因素,也受化学因素的控制,例如受表面电荷的控制。研究黄河口水中悬浮体颗粒的表面电荷,有助于探求河口区域的悬浮物沉积规律。 本文测定了不同盐度下黄河口水体中悬浮粒子的电泳行为,得到如下结果:(1)所有悬浮粒子均带负电荷。(2)粒子Zeta电位的负值随盐度增大而减小。这个结果与文献报道(欧洲一些河流的)情况一致。  相似文献   

6.
冬季北黄海表层海水pCO_2分布及其影响因素探讨   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
根据2006年12月在北黄海走航连续观测所得pCO2 数据,结合水文、化学和生物等要素的同步观测资料,对该海域pCO2分布及其影响因素进行了探讨.结果表明:冬季北黄海表层海水pCO2测值在203~683 μatm之间,平均值为408 μatm.辽南沿岸流及其影响区域是大气CO2汇区;山东半岛以北沿岸,122°E以西受渤海环流输送,黄河悬浮颗粒物影响的高浑浊度区域是大气CO2的一个强源区(最高值达到683 μatm);而占据北黄海大部的黄海混合水以及北黄海整体上是大气CO2的弱源.冬季北黄海表层海水pCO2分布主要受控于海水温度、碳酸盐体系平衡和生物活动,即温度越高pCO2越高、DIC 越高pCO2越高、叶绿素含量越高pCO2越低.其中辽南沿岸流及其影响区域生物活动的影响最为显著.而山东半岛以北沿岸的高浑浊度区域水体性质具有特殊性,较高的 pCO2受控于高的DIC浓度以及陆岸的影响.  相似文献   

7.
北黄海夏季pCO2分布及海-气CO2通量   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于在2006年夏季北黄海收集的的高分辨率的表层CO2分压(pCO2)数据,结合水文和生物地球化学同步观测参数,探讨了夏季北黄海pCO2空间分布的控制因素。结果表明,夏季北黄海与大多数中低纬度陆架海类似,由于水温较高,表层pCO2较高(平均值为(463±41)μatm),整个海域相对大气CO2过饱和。表层pCO2分布具有明显的区域差异,辽南和鲁北近岸海域pCO2明显高于中部区域,辽南近岸的高pCO2主要与河流输入和水产养殖引起的生物好氧呼吸有关,而鲁北沿岸的高pCO2主要与烟台近岸的底层冷水涌升及由混合引起的高碳酸盐含量的黄河泥沙的再悬浮有关;在海区中部大部分水域,pCO2与温度之间有较好的相关性,说明温度是这一区域pCO2分布较为重要的控制因子。另外,采用Wannikhof的海-气气体交换系数估计了北黄海夏季海-气CO2通量,结果表明整个北黄海是大气CO2的源,平均释放速率为(4.00±0.57)mmol.m-2.d-1,高于南黄海夏季海-气CO2通量。  相似文献   

8.
纤细角毛藻培养条件优化   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
采用正交实验的方法,对影响纤细角毛藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)生长的主要营养因素进行了优化,获得了以海水为基础的优化培养基配方:NaHCO30.15g/L,NazSiO3(9H2O0.20g/L,NANO3 1.00g/L,KH2PO4 0.02g/L,VB1 2.7mg/L,VB12 1.5μg/L。实验表明,用该优化配方培养纤细角毛藻具有生长速度快、产量高的显著优势,为该微藻在光生物反应器中的进一步高密度培养提供了良好条件。  相似文献   

9.
黄河干流营养盐分布与变化趋势   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
河流是海洋获取陆源物质的主要途径,河流营养盐含量和结构的变化会对海洋生态环境产生重要影响。为了解黄河干流营养盐的基本情况及影响因素,于2012年7月(汛期)对黄河流域水体和土壤进行了综合调查,并结合历史资料分析了悬浮颗粒物和营养盐等的变化特征及对黄河物质输送的影响。结果表明:各参数受地势和人类活动的影响明显,表现出不同的分布特征。营养盐和悬浮颗粒物在上游浓度较低,在中游相对稳定,下游浓度有一定程度升高;相比于贵德而言,黄河利津段悬浮颗粒物、溶解硅和硝酸盐分别增加了近66%、60%和800%。磷限制是黄河营养盐限制的主要特征,且氮磷比呈升高趋势;与资料对比发现,黄河氮增加约1倍,硅下降60%后相对稳定,而磷略有下降。从目前分析看,支流与干流的氮营养盐构成有显著差异。在沿岸表层土壤营养盐含量较高的区域,河段内营养盐含量也较高。流域人类活动是黄河氮营养盐含量增加的重要因素;流域降水减少、水土保持等导致的物理侵蚀作用减弱是黄河硅和磷减少的重要因素;自1986年后,流域泥沙减少导致河流溶解硅降低了约34%,这值得进一步关注。  相似文献   

10.
胶州湾毗邻青岛市区,是受人类活动影响显著的海湾。开展胶州湾水-气界面CO2通量研究,有助于厘清受人类活动严重干扰下的边缘海(湾)CO2源汇的控制机制。根据2013年4月在胶州湾走航连续观测所得pCO2数据,结合水文、化学和生物等要素的同步观测资料及以往本课题组获取的冬季2、3月份航次数据,对胶州湾海域pCO2分布及影响因素进行了分析探讨。结果表明:表层海水pCO2测得值在392~1 648μatm之间,平均值为496μatm。4月份胶州湾水体垂直混合均匀,且水柱对表层碳酸盐体系的影响显著。4月份胶州湾浮游生物初级生产弱于2、3月份,而生物的好氧呼吸作用要强于2、3月份。因此,生物好氧呼吸作用的增强是4月份胶州湾表现为大气CO2源的主要原因,同时温度升高也是导致胶州湾冬季到春季表层pCO2升高的重要因素,其影响程度仅次于生物好氧呼吸作用。总体来说,4月份胶州湾表现为大气CO2的源,水-气界面CO2交换通量在-8.22~490.68mmol·m-2·d-1之间,平均值为17.34mmol·m-2·d-1。  相似文献   

11.
Based on 5 831 continuous in situ measurements of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide on the sea surface p(CO2),related parameters of the sea surface temperature(SST) and chlorophyll-a(Chl a) concentration in 2010 winter,spring and summer of the Huanghai Sea and the Bohai Sea,the inherent relations among them are investigated preliminarily.This study reveals that the seasonal variability of SST and Chl a concentration has a significant influence on p(CO2).The authors have proposed a new algorithm to estimate p(CO2) from SST and Chl a concentration measurements.Compared with the vessel data,the root mean square error(RMSE) of p(CO2) retrieved by using the new model is 13.45 μatm(1atm=101.325 kPa) and the relative error is less than 4%.Then,SST and Chl a concentration data observed by satellite are used to retrieve p(CO2) in the Huanghai Sea and the Bohai Sea;and a better accuracy can be obtained if the quality control for sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration observed by satellite is used.The RMSE of retrieved p(CO2) data with quality control and that without quality control are 15.82 μatm and 31.74 μatm,respectively.  相似文献   

12.
大洋海区海-气CO_2通量单参数遥感算法的适用性检验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王郝京 《台湾海峡》2011,30(2):286-291
利用卫星遥感技术的优势,基于LDEO数据库的全球海表二氧化碳分压(PCO2)及海表温度(SST)等实测数据,初步建立东太平洋海区PCO2与SST的单参数经验算法,并采用相同区域的独立实测数据检验.结果表明,单参数算法在寡营养大洋海区具有良好的适用性,反演值与实测值之间的均方根误差(RMS)为0.51 Pa(1 Pa=9.869μatm),由此估算出2003年6月该海域CO2通量为-1.4 mmol/(m2.d),与实测估算的碳通量基本相符,能够很好地反映出海区CO2源汇特征.将该遥感算法运用到西大西洋海域(15°~25°N,60°~75°W),反演值与实测值之间均方根误差(RMS)为0.69 Pa.检验结果表明,在寡营养大洋海区,单参数遥感算法具有一定的适用性,在受相似因子调控的同纬度海区可以使用同一遥感算法.  相似文献   

13.
依据2011年3月4日对胶州湾走航连续实测所得pCO2数据,结合水文、化学和生物等要素的同步实测资料,对胶州湾海域pCO2分布及其影响因素进行了初步探讨,并估算了3月海-气CO2通量。结果表明:3月胶州湾表层海水pCO2实测值在191~332μatm之间,平均值为278μatm,海-气CO2通量在-22.76~-7.13mmol·m-2·d-1,平均值为-14.2mmol·m-2·d-1,这一时期胶州湾从大气吸收约1.59×103t C,表现为大气CO2的强汇。生物活动是影响这一时期表层海水pCO2分布的主要原因。  相似文献   

14.
On the basis of data collected in the Jiaozhou Bay in June and July 2003, the DIC distribution in seawater is studied,and an average air-sea flux of CO2 is estimated. The results show that the content of DIC inside the bay is markedly higher than outside the bay in June, but the content of DIC outside the bay is markedly higher than inside the bay in July. The trend of DIC distribution inside the bay is similar, viz. the content is the maximum in the northeast, then decreases gradually toward the west, and the content is the minimum in the west. The total trend of vertical distribution is to increase gradually from surface to bottom. This characteristic of DIC distribution is determined by Jiaozhou Bay hydrology and there is a close relation between DIC and particulate N,P. Average CO2 flux across the source for atmospheric CO2 in June and July, and the total CO2 flux from seawater into atmosphere is about 740 t in June and 969 t in July.  相似文献   

15.
Intertidal marine macroalgae experience periodical exposures during low tide due to their zonational distribution. The duration of such emersion leads to different exposures of the plants to light and aerial CO2, which then affect the physiology of them to different extents.The ecophysiological responses to light and CO2 were investigated during emersion in two red algae Gloiopeltis furcata and Gigartina interrnedia, and two brown algae Petaloniafascia and Sargassum hemiphyllum, growing along the Shantou coast of China. The light-saturated net photosynthesis in G. furcata and P. fascia showed an increase followed by slightly desiccation, whereas that in G.interrnedia and S. hemiphyllum exhibited a continuous decrease with water loss. In addition, the upper-zonated G. furcata and P. fascia,exhibited higher photosynthetic tolerance to desiccation and required higher light level to saturate their photosynthesis than the lower-zonated G. interrnedia and S. hemiphyllum. Desiccation had less effect on dark respiration in these four algae compared with photosynthesis. The light-saturated net photosynthesis increased with increased CO2 concentrations, being saturated at CO2 concentrations higher than the present atmospheric level in G. furcata, G. intermedia and S. hemiphyllum during emersion. It was evident that the relative enhancement of photosynthesis by elevated CO2 in those three algae increased, though the absolute values of photosynthetic enhancement owing to CO2 increase were reduced when the desiccation statuses became more severe. However, in the case of desiccated P. fascia (water loss being greater than 20 %), light saturated net photosynthesis was saturated with current ambient atmospheric CO2 level. It is proposed that increasing atmospheric CO2 will enhance the daily photosynthetic production in intertidal macroalgae by varied extents that were related to the species and zonation.  相似文献   

16.
东亚地区春季一氧化碳的输送特征研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以ECMWF ERA-40再分析资料构建的气象场为驱动场,利用全球三维大气化学模式MOZART-2,模拟了2001年3月大气污染物浓度的全球时空分布,并以一氧化碳(CO)作为示踪剂分析了春季东亚污染物向西太平洋地区输送的路线和机制.为了检验模拟结果的合理性,对TRACE-P 期间典型天气过程下的模拟结果与观测结果进行了比较.比较结果显示,模拟结果可以较好地再现2001年春季冷锋过境期间与东南亚深对流运动加强的天气形势下,东亚污染物向西太平洋地区输送的2大主要路径及其特征:(1) 污染物被冷锋系统提升后,在对流层中层向西太平洋快速传输;(2) 强烈的大气对流运动可以导致东南亚生物质燃烧产生的污染物在对流层上层向西太平洋输送.  相似文献   

17.
The data were collected during Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Expeditions in the western Arctic Ocean and the marginal sea ice zone (MSIZ) of the Southern Ocean, respectively in the boreal summer from July to September of 1999 and in the austral summer from December of 1999 to January of 2000. The concentrations of CO2 in surface water of the survey regions would mostly present lower than those in the atmosphere. A significant biological driving force could also been observed in summer waters in both of the above oceans. Air to sea CO2 fluxes were also calculated to compare oceanic uptake capacity of CO2 in both oceans with the world oceans using Liss, Wanninkhof, and Jacobs‘s methods. The averaged CO2 fluxes of air to sea in the western Arctic Ocean or in the MSIZ of the Southern Ocean doubled that in the world oceans.  相似文献   

18.
付翔  韩博平 《海洋科学》2001,25(12):9-14
通过数学模型模拟的方法,分析了蓝藻CO2浓缩机制(简称CCM)对光强变化的响应规律。CCM运转时的关键步骤--无机碳(简称Ci)转运所需的能量来自于光系统,其活动强度与光强密切相关,以此为基础,本文建立了具外部Ci浓度和光强两个变量的数学模型,计算表明:(1)光合速率和浓缩效率随着光强的增加而增加;(2)Ci泵的特征光能利用率的变化对CCM的行为有显著的影响。  相似文献   

19.
1 Introduction The amount of stratospheric ozone was being re duced due to anthropogenic emission of chlorofluoro carbons (CFCs) and nitrogen orides (Molina and Row land, 1974; Rowland, 1989; Yang et al., 1998; Xiao e al., 2005). This reduction of ozone r…  相似文献   

20.
Carbon cycle is connected with the most important environmental issue of Global Change.As one of the major carbon reservoirs, oceans play an important part in the carbon cycle. In recent years, iron seems to give us a good news that oceanic iron fertilization could stimulate biological productivity as CO2 sink of human-produced CO2. Oceanic iron fertilization experiments have verified that adding iron into high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) seawaters can increase phytoplankton production and export organic carbon, and hence increase carbon sink of anthropogenic CO2, to reduce global warming. In sixty days, the export organic carbon could reach 10 000 times for adding iron by model prediction and in situ experiment, i.e. the atmospheric CO2 uptake and inorganic carbon drawdown in upper seawaters also have the same magnitude. Therefore, oceanic iron fertilization is one of the strategies for increasing carbon sink of anthropogenic CO2. The paper is focused on the iron fertilization, especially in situ o  相似文献   

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