共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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I. L. Karol’ A. A. Kiselev E. L. Genikhovich S. S. Chicherin 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2013,49(5):461-478
The current state of studies on short-lived atmospheric constituents (greenhouse gases and aerosols) is reviewed. They have short atmospheric lifetimes (from several days to a few years) and can significantly affect the environment and climate. We propose reducing the emissions of these constituents as an alternative to the reduction of man-made carbon dioxide releases. We consider methane, hydrofluorocarbons, tropospheric ozone, and various aerosols (primarily, black carbon); discuss their atmospheric sources and destruction mechanisms; evaluate their content, atmospheric emissions, and climate impacts; and recommend efficient actions for the nearest future. 相似文献
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本文以大连海洋渔业公司1953年以来的统计资料和其它资料为依据,分析论述了黄海牙鲆资源的历史和现状,以及牙鲆的分布与洄游,并提出了增殖黄海牙鲆资源的几条途径:1.进行人工放流以增殖资源;2.开展幼鱼放流;3.以增殖黄海北部渔场资源为主,兼顾全局;4.应充分重视牙鲆在鲽鲆类中恢复能力较强的特点,发掘其增殖潜力。 相似文献
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Sedeeva M. Tronin A. Nerobelov G. Panidi E. 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2021,57(6):669-679
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - NO2 is a reactive gas which is produced mainly due to man-made activities (burning of fossil fuels) and influences negatively people organisms and... 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2015
Non-indigenous species (NIS) are recognized as a global threat to biodiversity and monitoring their presence and impacts is considered a prerequisite for marine environmental management and sustainable development. However, monitoring for NIS seldom takes place except for a few baseline surveys. With the goal of serving the requirements of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the EU Regulation on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species, the paper highlights the importance of early detection of NIS in dispersal hubs for a rapid management response, and of long-term monitoring for tracking the effects of NIS within recipient ecosystems, including coastal systems especially vulnerable to introductions. The conceptual framework also demonstrates the need for port monitoring, which should serve the above mentioned requirements but also provide the required information for implementation of the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments. Large scale monitoring of native, cryptogenic and NIS in natural and man-made habitats will collectively lead to meeting international requirements. Cost-efficient rapid assessments of target species may provide timely information for managers and policy-advisers focusing on particular NIS at particular localities, but this cannot replace long-term monitoring. To support legislative requirements, collected data should be verified and stored in a publicly accessible and routinely updated database/information system. Public involvement should be encouraged as part of monitoring programs where feasible. 相似文献
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Artificial Reefs in the Low Productive Marine Environments of the Southeastern Mediterranean 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract. Fishery yields in the oligotrophic waters of the Southeastern Mediterranean arc low due to habitat and food limitations. A four year study of a complex of artificial structures established in the coastal waters of Israel points to several possible solutions to these problems. One approach is the artificial enrichment of the man-made reef with trash fish. This, together with the configuration of the reef, caused a significant increase in the abundance of fish predators such as groupers of the genus Epinephclus. Omnivores and herbivores were attracted only by the presence of artificial structures. Some species, such as the slipper lobster Scyllurides lulus, only use the man-made reef for shelter during part of the day or season; they forage over a much larger area the rest of the time and are important "importers" of food to the artificial habitat. Artificial kelp were effective in recruiting juveniles and small fishes to the site. 相似文献
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This paper presents a neural-network-based system to detect small man-made objects in sequences of sector-scan sonar images created using signals of various pulse lengths. The detection of such objects is considered out to ranges of 150 m by using an experimental sector-scan sonar system mounted on a vessel. The sonar system considered in this investigation has three modes of operation to create images over ranges of 200, 400, and 800 m from the vessel using acoustic pulses of a different duration for each mode. After an initial cleaning operation performed by compensating for the motion of the vessel, the imagery is segmented to extract objects for analysis. A set of 31 features extracted from each object is examined. These features consist of basic object size and contrast features, shape moment-based features, moment invariants, and features extracted from the second-order histogram of each object. Optimal sets of 15 features are then selected for each mode and over all modes using sequential forward selection (SFS) and sequential backward selection (SBS). These features are then used to train neural networks to detect man-made objects in each sonar mode. By the addition of a feature describing the sonar's mode of operation, a neural network is trained to detect man-made objects in any of the three sonar modes. The multimode detector is shown to perform very well when compared with detectors trained specifically for each sonar mode setting. The proposed detector is also shown to perform well when compared to a number of statistical detectors based on the same set of features. The proposed detector achieves a 92.4% probability of detection at a mean false-alarm rate of 10 per image, averaged over all sonar mode settings. 相似文献
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《Coastal Engineering》2005,52(10-11):1053-1071
Coastal defence structures to protect sedimentary coastlines from erosion and flooding are increasingly common throughout Europe. They will become more widespread over the next 10–30 years in response to rising and stormier seas and accelerating economic development of the coastal zone. Building coastal defences results in the loss and fragmentation of sedimentary habitats and their replacement by artificial rocky habitats that become colonised by algae and marine animals. The engineering design and construction of these structures have received considerable attention. However, the ecological consequences of coastal defences have been less extensively investigated. Furthermore, due to their rapid proliferation, there is a growing need to understand the role of these man-made habitats in the coastal ecosystems in order to implement impact minimisation and/or mitigation measures.As part of the DELOS project, targeted studies were carried out throughout Europe to assess the ecological similarity of low-crested coastal defence structures (LCS) to natural rocky shores and to investigate the influence of LCS design features on the colonising marine epibiota. LCSs can be considered as a relatively poor surrogate of natural rocky shores. Epibiotic communities were qualitatively similar to those on natural rocky shores as both habitats are regulated by the same physical and biological factors. However, there were quantitative differences in the diversity and abundance of epibiota on artificial structures. Typically, epibiotic assemblages were less diverse than rocky shore communities. Also, LCSs offered less structurally complex habitats for colonisation and in some locations experienced higher disturbance than natural shores. We propose several criteria that can be integrated into the design and construction of LCSs to minimise ecological impacts and allow targeted management of diversity and natural living resources. 相似文献
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报告青岛市长门岩岛植物群落中的山茶现状。指出在我国分布最北边缘的常绿阔叶植物天然山茶，因人为破坏已濒临绝境。建议成立山茶自然保护区，并提出恢复山茶植物群落的措施。 相似文献
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Courtland A. Collier 《Ocean Engineering》1978,5(5-6):309-320
In reaction to the deleterious results of many years of imprudent development along Florida's beachfront areas, the Florida Legislature authorized Coastal Construction Set-Back Lines. Construction seaward of these lines is subject to commonsense guidelines designed to reduce property damage and save lives and injuries in beachfront areas, as well as to minimize man-made stress points in the natural beach system. 相似文献
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Todd L. Walton Jr 《Ocean Engineering》2000,27(1):1811
Investigation of shoreline change signals in the presence of possible non-stationarity is attempted via Karhunen–Loeve filtering to separate the actual shoreline signal change from that of random noise. Interpretation is made of the signal and noise normalized covariance and spectra to help in delineating natural change versus man-made change patterns for a section of shoreline where a navigation channel existed over a portion of the shoreline history. 相似文献
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