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1.
The effects of climate change on hydrological regimes have become a priority area for water and catchment management strategies. The terrestrial hydrology driven by monsoon rainfall plays a crucial role in shaping the agriculture, surface and ground water scenario in India. Thus, it is imperative to assess the impact of the changing climatic scenario projected under various climate change scenario towards the hydrological aspects for India. Runoff is one of the key parameters used as an indicator of hydrological process. A study was taken up to analyse the climate change impact on the runoff of river basins of India. The global circulation model output of Hadley centre (HADCM3) projected climate change data was used. Scenario for 2080 (A2 scenario indicating more industrial growth) was selected. The runoff was modeled using the curve number method in spatial domain using satellite derived current landuse/cover map. The derived runoff was compared with the runoff using normal climatic data (1951–1980). The results showed that there is a decline in the future climatic runoff in most of the river basins of India compared to normal climatic runoff. However, significant reduction was observed for the river basins in the eastern region viz: lower part of Ganga, Bahamani-Baitrani, Subarnrekha and upper parts of the Mahanadi. The mean projected runoff reduction during monsoon season (June–September) were 18 Billion Cubic Meter (BCM), 3.2 BCM, 3.5 BCM and 5.9 BCM for Brahmaputra-Barak Subarnrekha, Subarnarekha and Brahmini-Baitrani basin, respectively in comparison to normal climatic runoff. Overall reduction in seasonal runoff was high for Subarnrekha basin (54.1%). Rainfall to runoff conversion was high for Brahmaputra-Barak basin (72%), whereas coefficient of variation for runoff was more for Mahanadi basin (1.88) considering the monsoon season. Study indicates that eastern India agriculture may be affected due to shortage of surface water availability.  相似文献   

2.
土地利用/覆被变化对细河流域的水文过程影响显著。为研究不同土地利用/覆被情景对流域水文要素的影响情况,本文构建了适用于细河流域的SWAT分布式水文模型,并拟算出不同情景下的流域多年平均月径流量、多年平均地表径流深度、多年平均蒸发量以及多年平均土壤侧流。模拟结果显示:当流域农林用地增加时,平均月径流量增加了8.40%;当建设用地增加时,平均月径流量减少了4.11%;当旱地及其他未利用地增加时,平均月径流量减少了1.93%。综上所述,细河流域农林用地变化对径流产量的影响相对最大,其增加导致径流量增加;旱地及其他未利用对径流产量的影响相对最小,建设用地和旱地及其他未利用地的增加导致径流量减少。  相似文献   

3.
长江流域水资源空间分配   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
针对当前水资源空间分配方法存在影响因素选择不全,权重设计主观性强,且难以适用于大尺度流域范围等问题,该文提出了一种面向长江流域的水资源空间分配模型。该模型选取了年均降雨量、地形坡度、地表植被覆盖和区域集水面积作为水资源分配的影响因子,利用相关性分析方法和AHP层次分析法优化了因子影响权重设计,实现了长江流域的水资源空间分配,并采用长江流域二级子流域的水资源量统计数据进行精度检验。实验结果揭示了长江流域水资源量在1km格网尺度的空间分布差异,表明了该文面向长江流域水资源空间分配模型的合理性和准确性。  相似文献   

4.
Hydrological modelling of large river catchments is a challenging task for water resources engineers due to its complexity in collecting and handling of both spatial and non-spatial data such as rainfall, gauge discharges, and topographic parameters. In this paper an attempt has been made to use satellite-based rainfall products such as Climatic Prediction Centre (CPC)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) data for hydrological modelling of larger catchment where the limited field rainfall data is available. Digital Elevation Models (DEM) such as Global DEM (1 km resolution) and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 3-arc second (90 m resolution) DEM have been used to extract topographic parameters of the basin for hydrological modelling of the study area. Various popular distributed models have been used in this study for computing excess rainfall, direct runoff from each sub-basin, and flow routing to the main outlet. The Brahmaputra basin, which is very complex both hydraulically and hydrologically due to its shape, size, and geographical location, has been examined as study area in this study. A landuse map derived from the satellite remote sensing data in conjunction with DEM and soil textural maps have been used to derive various basin and channel characteristics such as each sub-basin and channel slope, roughness coefficients, lag-time. Percentage of residual flows computed between observed flows and simulated flows using Global and SRTM DEMs are discussed. It is found that the topographic parameters computed using SRTM DEM could improve the model accuracy in computing flood hydrograph. Need of using better resolution satellite data products and the use of high-density field discharge observations is discussed.  相似文献   

5.
利用2002—2012年的GLDAS和WGHM模型模拟水文产品，以及重力恢复与气候试验卫星（Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment，GRACE）观测数据，计算了全球范围内30个主要流域的水储量变化时间序列，从模拟数据与观测数据的年周期振幅、长期趋势项及时空分布一致性等几个方面，对GLDAS和WGHM进行了评估。结果表明，GLDAS的4个子模型都表现出了明显的季节性变化，CLM年周期振幅输出最小，MOSAIC和VIC最大，NOAH居中，且最接近4个子模型的平均值。与GRACE结果相比，约80%流域的GLDAS与WGHM模型年周期振幅输出呈明显低估现象，且GLDAS的低估程度大于WGHM，但靠近北极高纬度地区的流域有相反的情况出现。在长期趋势项方面，三者结果差异较大，尤其是对于面积较小且人类活动影响较大的流域，GLDAS与WGHM模型不能充分反映人类活动的影响，模型输出表现较差，GRACE结果更接近实际情况。此外，还研究了流域水储量长期变化趋势与灌溉率的关系，发现呈现明显下降趋势的流域主要集中在高灌溉率（>10%）地区，而灌溉率是影响流域水储量变化的重要因素之一。  相似文献   

6.
长江上游重点水土流失区遥感动态监测及泥沙输移分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
以嘉陵江流域重点产沙区为试点,选择1992和1996年两个时段,通过遥感、GIS以及数学模型相结合的方法对水土流失现状和水土保持效益进行调查分析,建立水土流失变化动态监测信息系统,并从流域的土壤侵蚀推测和分析流域河流泥沙的输移变化。  相似文献   

7.
Run-off is an important element of the hydrologic studies of any given basin. As such the estimation of the run-off factor of a catchment becomes imperative for determination of the total quantity of its surface run-off. The traditional ground survey methods of hydrologic studies of river basins are gradually getting replaced by more economical and reasonably accurate methods mostly based on aerial photographs. This paper deals with an experiment carried out on the Tons Catchment for determination of its run-off factor with the help of aerial photographs using the photo-interpretation and analysis techniques. The resultant values of the surface runoff have compared very well with the observed flow at Kisau gauging station. This indicates that a suitable methodology can be developed to estimate the discharge of the catchment of Indian rivers, where the run-off data is not available, with reasonable accuracy using the aerial photographs.  相似文献   

8.
本文基于中国大陆构造环境监测网（陆态网）GPS台站垂向形变数据,通过主成分分析计算云南省6大流域陆地水负荷形变,并与降雨数据进行相关性分析和交叉小波分析。结果表明,云南省各流域陆地水储量变化相对于降雨在半年和年周期上分别存在1.5~2.25和3~6个月的滞后,不同周期滞后的叠加使陆地水储量与累积降雨量之间存在显著的负相关性,6大流域的降雨累积天数各不相同,均在47~109 d之间。本文由此提出一种云南地区陆地水储量对累积降雨的响应机制。  相似文献   

9.
River basin management and development are most important for utilising and conserving the water resources in any region where the average annual rainfall is highly fluctuating, the North Bengal is one of such region. Though there are a large number of rivers having a large catchment area in the hills and carry a huge amount of water during rainy season but they are completely dry in winter and summer. The upper part of majority of river basins arc highly sensitive to water erosion and land slides due to deforestation, intensive cultivation, increased settlements in sloping and erosion prone areas. So, floods in the rainy season and droughts in summer months are frequent features in North Bengal. In view of this proper management and effective conservation of land and water resources is necessary to develop the region. An integrated river basin management consisting soil conservation, afforestation, flood control, and adoption of suitable cropping pattern is essential for economic development of North Bengal.  相似文献   

10.
Annual variations in water storage and precipitation in the Amazon Basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
We combine satellite gravity data from the gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) and precipitation measurements from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center’s (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), over the period from mid-2002 to mid-2006, to investigate the relative importance of sink (runoff and evaporation) and source (precipitation) terms in the hydrological balance of the Amazon Basin. When linear and quadratic terms are removed, the time-series of land water storage variations estimated from GRACE exhibits a dominant annual signal of 250 mm peak-to-peak, which is equivalent to a water volume change of ~1,800 km3. A comparison of this trend with accumulated (i.e., integrated) precipitation shows excellent agreement and no evidence of basin saturation. The agreement indicates that the net runoff and evaporation contributes significantly less than precipitation to the annual hydrological mass balance. Indeed, raw residuals between the de-trended water storage and precipitation anomalies range from ±40 mm. This range is consistent with stream-flow measurements from the region, although the latter are characterized by a stronger annual signal than our residuals, suggesting that runoff and evaporation may act to partially cancel each other.  相似文献   

11.
The morphometric analysis of river basin helps to explore the interrelationship between hydraulic parameters and geomorphologic characteristics. The study has been conducted in the Upper Tons basin of Northern Foreland of Peninsular India. The river basin has been characterized using the topographical maps, CARTOSAT satellite image integrated using the GIS techniques. The drainage density analysis indicates lower values in the north-eastern regions and thus these regions can be categorized as better ground water potential zone. There are in total 10 sub-watersheds which have been delineated; SW-4 has maximum drainage density (4.75), stream frequency (5.61) and drainage texture (26.64) followed by SW-6–10. The prioritized sub-watershed numbers SW-4 and SW-6–10 need conservation practices because of their high erodibility and run-off. SW-1–3 and SW-5 regions have better permeable bed rocks and hence good for water harvesting. The areal parameter indicates elongated shape of basin and moderate to steeper ground slope. The results are supported by extensive field survey. This study can be applied for soil and water management, as well as disaster prevention from similar type of drainage basins.  相似文献   

12.
基于GIS的乌江流域地表径流模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
基于GIS平台，建立了数字乌江流域。在此基础上，选择5个典型子流域，利用流域1956-2000年的降雨和水文资料及流域2000年土地利用数据，分别计算5个子流域的年均降雨量、年均地表径流量和土地利用百分比；用多元回归分析工具建立流域年均地表径流量与年均降雨量和土地利用百分比之间的关系式，得到不同土地利用方式下的降雨径流模型；通过实测资料对模型进行验证的结果表明，模型模拟精度较高，相对误差在7％以内。  相似文献   

13.
徐晗  徐建刚 《地理空间信息》2022,20(2):33-38,92
基于多层次GIS空间分析模型技术,系统地建立了从流域雨洪过程相关影响因子栅格化处理到产汇流过程模型的集成化模拟方法,首次实现了对流域内任意栅格单元内河道断面的径流过程线的可视化测算。同时还对于模型中单元水流长度与河道单元流速率定方法进行了优化改进。实例分析结果表明:模型结构更为严谨、参数设置更为科学,改进的技术方法对于福建汀江十年一遇洪水场次的模拟结果精度有明显提高,能够满足相关海绵城市规划应用需求。  相似文献   

14.
影响喀斯特流域地貌发育的因素复杂多样,除岩性、气候等条件外,流域水系特征及高程、流域坡度和流域切割程度和流域地表形态特征等也是影响喀斯特流域地貌发育的重要因素。本文根据贵州省ASTER影像,利用RS和GIS技术,提取DEM数据;以DEM数据、TM影像和CBERS影像为基础,选取32个喀斯特流域,探讨分析影响地貌发育的五大因素,并提取25个指标;借助MATLAB和Spss软件进行数据处理和主成分分析,得出影响地貌发育的九个主成分,得出影响喀斯特地貌发育从大到小的因素是流域水系特征及高程、流域坡度和流域切割程度和流域地表形态特征。  相似文献   

15.
利用南流江流域30 m分辨率的DEM数据,介绍了Arc GIS中进行河网提取的一系列过程,并利用其图解建模工具,提取南流江流域的不同汇流累积面积的水系河网,实现了提取过程的流程化处理。分别统计河源密度和沟壑密度,并分别计算它们与汇流累积面积的几何函数关系,并对其进行二阶求导,确定其二阶导数关系,得到合适的汇流累积阈值,并借助分形分维理论对河网的分维值进行了验证。利用函数关系和分形分维确定汇流累积面积提取水系河网的方法有效地避免了人工选择汇流累积面积的主观性,提高了研究结果的准确性和可靠性,在知道研究流域河网分维值的前提下,可快速获取准确的汇流累计面积阈值。  相似文献   

16.
The evaluation of basin characteristics from the morphometric parameters helps in understanding the physical behaviour of the catchments with respect to floods. The advanced technologies, such as Remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS), were used for extraction of drainage networks using Cartosat Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the Upper Krishna basin, to evaluate the morphometric analysis. Basin morphometric parameters were applied to assess the major influencing catchments which cause flooding in the main Krishna River. The morphometric analysis for the ten major potential flood prone river catchments of the basin reveals that, the river catchments such as Krishna, Koyna, Yerla having the greater tendency to peak discharge in a short period of time to the main Krishna River because of high relief ratio (Rh), high ruggedness number and less time of concentration (Tc). The Don catchment having the highest drainage density (Dd), stream frequency, mean bifurcation ratio and infiltration number causes greater runoff influence on the main Krishna River. The Dudhganga and Panchaganga catchments having highest form factor, medium Dd, texture ratio, Rh and time of concentration causes moderate runoff influence towards main Krishna River. The study indicates that systematic analysis of morphometric parameters derived from Cartosat DEM using GIS provide useful information about catchment characteristics with respect to floods management.  相似文献   

17.
In high-altitude areas, snow cover plays a significant role in mountainous hydrology. Satluj, which is a snow-fed river, is a part of the Indus River system in the western Himalayas. Snow cover area (SCA) variability in this river basin affects the spatio-temporal flow availability and avalanche events. Keeping this in mind, the present study focuses on SCA variability and its relationship with various topographical features such as elevation, slope and aspect. The study has been carried out in the upper part of the Satluj River Basin on the basis of MODIS Terra (MOD10A2) data from 2001 to 2014. It has been noticed that the average annual SCA in this part of the Satluj River Basin varies from 44 to 56% with an average of about 48% of the total basin area of 16, 650 km2. Further, snow accumulation and depletion curves have been suggested for assessing the SCA in the study area.  相似文献   

18.
舒方国  龙毅  周侗  曹阳 《测绘学报》2013,42(5):774-781
在地图水系自动综合中河流选取需要建立对不同河流重要性程度的有效判别。由于河流汇水区域直接反映河流的作用空间,因而其面积大小成为关键性的量化指标。目前基于河流的汇水区域自动提取方法主要从河流单一要素出发,按“空间均衡竞争”思想平分河流之间的区域,由于未考虑地形因素使得提取的汇水区域往往存在偏差,而传统基于DEM的汇水区域提取虽然考虑了地形,但没有与河流目标建立显性的对应关系。河流是一种天然的沟谷地性线,与山脊线具有对生互补的空间耦合关系,本文提出了一种等高线簇与河网双要素协同的河流汇水区域提取方法,该方法对河流与等高线的目标集合构建约束Delaunay三角网(CD-TIN)并将三角形分类,对不同类型的三角形分别采用骨架线提取规则与梯度向量引导的分水线搜索规则提取分水线段,连接形成网络结构并依此计算各河段的汇水区域。实验结果表明,本算法能更准确地提取河流汇水区域,从而为河流综合选取提供有效支持。  相似文献   

19.
In the present study, prioritization of sub-watersheds was carried out on the basis of sediment production rate. Further, basic hydrologic information such as peak rate of runoff and annual surface water potential were also assessed for the study watersheds and these are essential requisites for effective watershed management. The 10 sub watersheds of Tarai development project area are selected for the present study. Morphometric parameters pertaining to study area are used in the estimation of sediment production rate. The sediment production rate in the study area varies between 2.45 to 11.0 ha-m/100 km2/year. The remote sensing data has been utilized for generating land use/land cover data which is an essential prerequisite for land and water resource planning and development. The remote sensing data can especially play significant role in collection of real time information from remote areas of river basins for generation of parameters required for hydrologic modeling.  相似文献   

20.
The Kosi river in north Bihar plains, eastern India presents a challenge in terms of long and recurring flood hazard. Despite a long history of flood control management in the basin for more than 5 decades, the river continues to bring a lot of misery through extensive flooding. This paper revisits the flooding problem in the Kosi river basin and presents an in-depth analysis of flood hydrology. We integrate the hydrological analysis with a GIS-based flood risk mapping in parts of the basin. Typical hydrological characteristics of the Kosi river include very high discharge variability, and high sediment flux from an uplifting hinterland. Annual peak discharges often exceed the mean annual flood and the low-lying tracts of the alluvial plains are extensively inundated year after year. Our flood risk analysis follows a multi-parametric approach using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and integrates geomorphological, land cover, topographic and social (population density) parameters to propose a Flood Risk Index (FRI). The flood risk map is validated with long-term inundation maps and offers a cost-effective solution for planning mitigation measures in flood-prone areas.  相似文献   

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