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内蒙古银根 额济纳旗盆地是我国北方重要的中－新生代陆内含油气盆地,主要出露白垩系冲洪积 河湖相碎屑岩及火山岩夹层。本文描述了在盆地东南部下白垩统巴音戈壁组下段（1号）和苏红图组二段底部（2号）发现的上、下两处原始埋藏的硅化木化石,并探讨了早白垩世时期盆地沉积时的气候环境。两处化石均保存完好,表面结构较为完整。巴音戈壁组上部和苏红图组下部泥岩段孢粉分析结果显示地层时代为早白垩世中晚期。同时,孢粉植物群揭示该时期银根 额济纳旗盆地气候环境温暖湿润,植被茂盛。根据化石保存特征和产出位置的地层岩性,初步推测1号硅化木化石点系冲洪积物快速堆积所致,2号硅化木化石点系火山喷发物瞬间埋藏所致,其埋藏时代大致为早白垩世晚期。 相似文献
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The Maastrichtian Patti Formation, which consists of shale - claystone and sandstone members, constitutes one of the three Upper Cretaceous lithostratigraphic units of the intracratonic southeastern Bida Basin, in central Nigeria. Well exposed outcrops of this formation were investigated at various locations around the confluence of the Niger and Benue Rivers. The lithostratigraphic sections were measured and their peculiar sedimentological features such as textures, physical and biogenic sedimentary structures, facies variations and associations were documented and used to interpret the depositional environments and develop a paleogeographic model. Some selected representative samples of the sedimentary depositional facies were also subjected to grain size analysis.Three shoreline sedimentary depositional facies composed of shoreface, tidal channel, and tidal marsh to coastal swamp facies were recognized in the study area. Continental sedimentary depositional facies such as fluvial channel, swamp, and overbank were also documented. The sandstones of the shoreface and tidal channel facies are medium- to coarse-grained, moderately sorted (standard deviation ranges from 0.45–1.28 averaging 0.72), and quartzarenitic. The fluvial channel sandstone facies are coarse- to very coarse-grained, mostly poorly sorted (standard deviation ranges from 0.6–1.56 averaging 1.17), and subarkosic. Typical sedimentary structures displayed by the shoreface and tidal channel facies include burrows, clay drapes, hummocky and herringbone cross stratifications, whereas the fluvial channel sandstone facies are dominated by massive and planar cross beddings. The tidal marsh to coastal swamp shales and ferruginised siltstone facies are fossiliferous and bioturbated, whereas the nonmarine swamp siltstones contain vegetal imprints and lignite interbeds. The overbank claystone facies are massive and kaolinitic.In the study area, a regressive to transgressive model is proposed for the Patti Formation. This model correlates with stratigraphically equivalent sediments of the Ajali and Mamu Formations in the adjacent Anambra Basin to a great extent. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地库车坳陷与塔西南坳陷的白垩系沉积厚度大,岩石类型多,既有碎屑岩,又有蒸发岩和碳酸盐岩。沉积相类型丰富,包括海相、海陆交互相和陆相,并以陆相碎屑岩沉积为主。库车坳陷与塔西南坳陷在早白垩世虽为分隔性的沉积盆地,但其陆相碎屑沉积具有几乎相同的特征：均以冲积沉积体系发育为主,相带分布和储层发育具有明显的相似性。对应山前断陷盆地的不对称性,冲积扇-扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲沉积体系发育在靠近山前的陡坡一侧,正常河流三角洲沉积体系发育在湖盆缓坡一侧。冲积扇-扇三角洲沉积体系由冲积扇、扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘等构成,辫状河三角洲沉积体系由辫状河三角洲平原、辫状河三角洲前缘等构成。储层主要发育于扇三角洲或辫状河三角洲的辫状河道、水下分流河道及分流河口砂坝中,在库车坳陷和塔西南坳陷都形成了优质的储集岩。砂体厚度大,分布广,储集条件好。冲积沉积体系的普遍发育预示了白垩系储集岩在盆地内的分布可能是十分广泛的。近年在喀什凹陷、英吉苏凹陷相继取得的勘探成果大大拓宽了其勘探领域,白垩系正逐渐成为盆地内主要的勘探目的层之一,展现了良好的勘探前景。 相似文献
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The Erlian Basin is one of the non-marine Cretaceous basins of north-east China that developed during the late Mesozoic continental extension in eastern Asia. This basin experienced two major tectonic events: (i) a syn-rift stage that was dominated by a fluvial–lacustrine depositional environment and (ii) a post-rift stage that was dominated by a fluvial environment. A new sedimentological study performed on Erlian Formation drill cores has led to the determination of an architectural model and to the subsequent characterisation of the stratigraphic evolution of this sedimentary unit during the late Cretaceous. The palynological occurrences that were identified in samples provided a possible stratigraphical age for the Erlian Formation.Sediments of the Erlian Formation occur at the top of the Cretaceous stratigraphic column of the Erlian Basin and were deposited during the post-rift stage. Facies architecture and the ideal succession of facies that were identified for this formation exhibit two different members, both dominated by a fluvial depositional environment: (i) the lower member, which is dominated by channels of a braided river system and (ii) the upper member, which is dominated by overbank deposits. The lower member expresses a tectonically induced uplift as indicated by channels clustering under negative accommodation, whereas a period of stratigraphic base-level rise that is associated with an increase of accommodation is identified in the upper member. Therefore the Erlian Formation highlights an alternation of short uplifts that were dominated by braided fluvial channel deposits with periods of stratigraphic base-level rise that were dominated by overbank deposits. This sedimentological architecture has significant metallogenic implications for the origin of confined permeable sandstone layers, which represent adequate host-rocks for roll front-type uranium deposits.The palynological assemblage Exesipollenites, Ulmipollenites/Ulmoideipites, Buttinia and Momipites that were recognised in two samples of the Erlian Formation has revealed a post-late Campanian age therefore more likely indicating a late Cretaceous age of deposition for the sediments of the Erlian Formation. 相似文献
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We report a new find of the fish trail Undichna unisulca in fluvial sediments of the Lower Cretaceous Oliván Group of the Cameros Basin (Aptian-Albian; Valtrujal, La Rioja, northern Spain). It is the second Mesozoic record of Undichna unisulca after the first discovery in the Lower Cretaceous of central Spain (Las Hoyas, Cuenca, central Spain). The trails are characterized by single sinusoidal waves which in this case are often surrounded by well-preserved lateral levees that rule out an undertrail hypothesis.The continental depositional setting, a floodplain fluvial system, reflects the known broad palaeoenvironmental distribution of Undichna and confirms its occurrences in freshwater settings. 相似文献
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根据大量的钻井和露头资料,对塔里木盆地早白垩世沉积相特征和古地理进行了研究。塔里木盆地下白垩统主要发育冲积扇-扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、氧化宽浅湖泊等3种沉积体系,包括陆相冲（洪）积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、滨浅湖等沉积相,分布于下白垩统不同层位。塔里木盆地早白垩世主要包括塔东北和塔西南两大沉积区,总体为干旱氧化的内陆拗陷分割盆地。在塔东北沉积大区,早白垩世早期卡普沙良群沉积物受周缘4大物源区控制,为多物源的氧化宽浅湖盆环境,古地势呈“南高北低、东高西低”,盆地边缘以冲（洪）积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲相为主,盆地内部为滨浅湖亚相。早白垩世晚期巴什基奇克组沉积时期,塔里木盆地周缘进入一个新的构造活动期,古气候更加炎热干旱,氧化宽浅湖盆消失。在塔东北沉积大区,盆地受周缘4个主要物源区影响,以广泛分布的冲积扇-辫状河三角洲沉积体系占主体,盆地内部普遍为辫状河三角洲前缘-滨浅湖亚相沉积。在塔西南沉积大区,早白垩世克孜勒苏群沉积时期古地势呈“东高西低”,受北部喀什北山前和西南部古昆仑山2个物源区的控制,沉积物沿古昆仑山前呈狭长的条带状分布,沉积厚度自西向东减薄,主要是一套冲积扇-扇三角洲相和滨浅湖亚相沉积。 相似文献
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内蒙额济纳盆地GN100钻孔的沉积相可划分为河流相、湖泊相、沼泽相及风成砂沉积。对该钻孔不同沉积相代表性 沉积物的粒度分析表明：额济纳盆地沉积物的粒度特征能够有效区分沉积环境和动力过程。河流相沉积物主要粒度组分为 粗砂,以滚动搬运为主,判别值Y为大于1;风成砂主要粒度组分为细砂,Y值范围主要在0附近;沼泽相也以细砂为主且 较风成砂更细,Y值主要为负值且小于风成砂;湖相粒度组分主要为细粉砂,以悬浮搬运为主,但不完全是静水悬浮搬 运,相比于静水沉积相对颗粒偏大,而Y最小,为小于-9。这些结果可以为区域沉积环境的准确解释提供参考。 相似文献
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祁连山东段宝积山—红会煤盆地沉积环境与聚煤规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
位于祁连山东段的宝积山—红会盆地是一个典型的侏罗纪沉积盆地,侏罗纪煤系由冲积扇沉积体系,经过河流、湖泊三角洲沉积体系向湖泊沉积体系过渡的沉积序列组成,并充填于印支运动后的裂陷盆地内。盆地活动断裂边界的内侧发育冲积扇裙,向着不活动边缘的另一侧,逐渐被河流沉积体系和湿地沼泽系统替代。扇前湿地是主要聚煤场所,形成的煤层层数少,主煤层厚度变化大,煤体呈简单指状。扇前湿地泥炭沼泽具有富滋养或低位性质,形成的煤层灰分产率高,硫含量有明显的分带性,其变化取决于泥炭沼泽与冲积扇体的相应空间位置。 相似文献
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基底古侵蚀面特征是盆地分析的基本参数之-。本文讨论了鄂尔多斯盆地内榆林地区煤系基底古侵蚀面的地貌特征、富县组的沉积特征及二者的关系。研究表明:基底古侵蚀面在工作区东部为潜谷,西部呈潜山,其形态控制着区内沉积相间的配置关系和地层厚度的变化;而潜山、潜谷在盆地中的配置关系则决定着潜谷中总的沉积面貌。 相似文献
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阿北凹陷位于内蒙古二连盆地东北部,面积约600 km2,是二连盆地勘探潜力最大的凹陷之一。针对阿北凹陷复杂的地质构造,充分利用岩心、录井、测井以及地震等资料,详细分析了阿北凹陷北部陡坡带下白垩统近岸水下扇沉积特征和分布规律。研究表明,近岸水下扇和扇三角洲在岩相组合、沉积构造、粒度特征、电性特征和地震反射特征方面均有较大区别,综合反映以重力流为主的沉积环境。阿尔善期北部陡坡带发育大规模水下扇,扇体规模自下而上逐渐向北部物源方向减小,到腾格尔期沉积了一大套深湖—半深湖暗色泥岩,近岸水下扇砂砾岩体下切到深湖—半深湖暗色泥岩中,决定了研究区近岸水下扇砂体具有优越的成藏条件。 相似文献
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Low rank coals from two disparate geological settings have been subjected to petrographic and palynological analysis. The stratigraphic units studied and their locations are the Amphitheatre Formation, St Elias Mountains, Yukon Territory, of Eocene to Oligocene age; and the base of the Ravenscrag Formation, south-central Saskatchewan, of latest Cretaceous to earliest Paleocene age.The depositional setting of the Amphitheatre Formation ranges from distal sand-dominated braided stream and lacustrine environments to proximal gravel-dominated fluvial environments. The coals are low in inertinite (< 6%) and mostly high in huminite (> 85%). In localities with a dominance of angiosperm pollen the relative abundance of eu-ulminite B and densinite is greatest whereas in the ones with a dominantly coniferous pollen assemblage eu-ulminite A is the most prominent maceral. These observations suggest as an immediate cause/effect relationship, an at least partial dependance of present maceral content on floral precursors. This in turn probably reflects a certain combination of depositional environment conditions (pH, Eh, temperature, etc.), that likely controlled the plant community and the preservation of vegetal matter.The depositional environment of coals from the basal part of the Ravenscrag Formation contrasts sharply with that of the Amphitheatre. The Ravenscrag coals formed within a low energy, stable, floodplain environment. Palynological and coal maceral profiles for the basal Ravenscrag Formation coal, which spans the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, indicates that the environment of deposition progressed from an open canopied swamp forest with areas of open water, through a phase of low-lying to open water swamps with herbaceous, pterophytic vegetation to, at least locally, raised bogs. The change in coal petrography across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary is shown to be relatively minor in comparison to subsequent changes in coal petrography in the earliest Paleocene and to changes that occur in the palynological assemblages across the boundary interval. 相似文献
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苏北盆地是在晚白垩世发育起来的箕状断陷盆地。上白垩统泰州组（K2t）为东部凹陷发育初期形成的一套碎屑岩沉积地层,自下而上总体构成由粗到细的沉积旋回。通过对区内52口探井的录井、测井和岩心资料综合分析,认为泰州组主要发育辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲及湖泊相3种沉积相类型,在此基础上又进一步识别出7种亚相和12种微相。泰州组分为两段,泰州组一段沉积早、中期为辫状河三角洲沉积,晚期转变为(曲流河)三角洲沉积;泰州组二段早期为深湖—半深湖沉积,中晚期为浅湖亚相。伴随湖平面的反复升降,表现出明显的多旋回性。研究区泰州组一段表现为典型的退积型三角洲沉积。通过进一步研究泰州组一段各沉积时期沉积相的平面分布及演变特征,指出在梁垛—安丰—李堡一带沉积砂体发育,是油气储集层发育的有利地区。 相似文献
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Martin Roddaz Stphane Brusset Patrice Baby Grard Hrail 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2006,20(4):351-368
Mio-Pliocene deposits of the forebulge–backbulge depozones of the Beni-Mamore foreland Basin indicate tidally to fluvially dominated sedimentation. Seven facies assemblages have been recognized: FAA–FAG. FAA represents a distal bottom lake assemblage, FAB and FAD are interpreted as tidal flat deposits, FAC and FAG are interpreted as fluvial systems, FAE sediments are deposited in a subtidal/shoreface setting, and FAG represents a meandering fluvial system. The identification of stratigraphic surfaces (SU, MFS, and MRS) and the relationship among the facies assemblages permit the characterization of several systems tracts: a falling-stage systems tract (FSST) followed by a lowstand systems tract (LST), a transgressive systems tract (TST), and a highstand systems tract (HST). The FSST and LST may have been controlled by the uplift of the Beni-Mamore forebulge, whereas TST may result from a quiescent stage in the forebulge. Subaerial unconformity two (SU2) records the passage from a tide-influenced depositional system to a fully continental depositional system. The Miocene tidal-influenced deposits in the Beni–Mamore Basin suggest that it experienced a connection, either with the South Atlantic Ocean or the Caribbean Sea or both. 相似文献
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本文建立了一种干旱背景下坳陷湖盆全新的沉积充填模式,即"洪水—河漫湖"沉积模式。在干旱背景下,物源区的河流主要表现为季节性的洪水,大多数河流都消失在荒漠中,河水主要以地表蒸发、植被生态消耗、地下渗流、河流终端湖以及河漫湖等形式排泄,坳陷湖盆内并未形成统一大面积的汇水中心和湖相沉积。这种背景条件下,湖盆的沉积充填特征明显不同于经典的坳陷湖盆和浅水湖盆沉积。下白垩统泉头组四段沉积时期,松辽盆地具有气候干旱、地势平坦、生物单调贫乏等特征,盆地南部存在5大沉积体系及7条主要的水系。除在盆地西部古龙凹陷地区河流汇水形成小范围浅水湖泊外,在盆地南部主要为"洪水—河漫湖"的河流相沉积。坳陷湖盆"洪水—河漫湖"沉积具有以下特点:①全盆地没有统一的汇水中心,因而缺乏大面积分布的湖相和三角洲沉积;②河流表现为季节性的洪水,部分河流由于地形变缓,并未进入汇水中心,而是消失在荒漠中,河流相为盆地沉积充填的主要类型;③湖盆具有多物源、多漫湖、满盆含砂的沉积特点;④河漫湖与河流在空间分布上存在3种关系,即河流终止于河漫湖、河流穿过河漫湖、河流绕过河漫湖等。坳陷湖盆"洪水—河漫湖"是一种中—新生代陆相坳陷湖盆沉积充填的新模式,具有重要的理论和实践意义。 相似文献
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鸡西盆地早白垩世烃源岩的岩石类型是湖相泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤。根据其有机岩石学、沉积学和有机地球化学的特征,将该区沉积有机相划分为3种类型：高位沼泽有机相、滨浅湖-沼泽有机相和半深湖-深湖有机相。其中滨浅湖-沼泽有机相分布面积广泛,是最重要的生烃相带,有机质以Ⅲ型为主,生烃性能变化大,既可生油又可生气;半深湖-深湖有机相有机质为Ⅱ型,部分Ⅲ型,生烃性能良好并以生油为主,但分布面积局限;高位沼泽有机相由于处于盆地边缘,对生烃贡献不大。 相似文献
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辽东苏子河盆地是早白垩世形成的小型断陷盆地,盆地内发育了相对连续的陆相沉积,是研究白垩纪陆地环境及气候演化的理想地区。早白垩世晚期沉积的聂尔库组地层出露连续,沉积现象典型。通过分析聂尔库组沉积岩类型、沉积构造、古生物化石及垂向沉积序列,可识别出扇三角洲相和湖泊相,其中扇三角洲相包括扇三角洲平原亚相、扇三角洲前缘亚相和前扇三角洲亚相,湖泊相主要为滨浅湖泥砂沉积。研究表明,聂尔库组形成于断陷盆地边缘陡坡带,属于间歇性洪水控制的扇三角洲—湖泊沉积体系,经历了扇三角洲—湖泊—扇三角洲的沉积环境变化,代表了断陷湖盆由深陷扩张期—抬升收缩早期的沉积充填过程。根据沉积岩与沉积相特征,结合古生物、特殊沉积、黏土矿物及地球化学资料,认为早白垩世晚期辽东地区总体与当时全球"温室气候"的大背景相一致,处于高温干旱/潮湿的气候条件,但这种高温气候具有不均一性,存在气候波动。 相似文献
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李柒林 《沉积与特提斯地质》2000,20(4):97-103
兰州－民和盆地早白垩世充填了巨厚的陆源碎屑物,笔者通过对碎屑物组合方式的研究,陆盆内为冲积扇相→湖泊相→湖控三角洲相序的充填序列;通过对陆盆的基底特征,古流向、物源区和陆盆演化的分析,揭示了盆地的沉积特征。 相似文献