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1.
Determinations of Chlorophyll a (Chl a) in eutrophic coastal marine waters were compared using N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and 90% acetone techniques. Measured
Chl a concentrations ranged from 0.89 to 10.65 μg l−1 for 90% acetone extracts and from 0.97 to 12.92 μg l−1 for DMF extracts, respectively, for 24 surface water samples from the Harima-nada, Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Chl a concentrations using DMF as a solvent were consistently higher than those found using 90% acetone (p < 0.001, n= 24). Chl a is thus likely to be underestimated (by 13%) when 90% acetone is used for eutrophic waters.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
An improved method for the determination of phytoplankton chlorophyll using N,N-dimethylformamide 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Non volatile N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at room temperature is proposed as a new solvent for determining the chlorophylla in cultured and natural phytoplankton samples. Advantages of DMF compared to the solvents ordinarily used are (1) higher extraction efficiency, (2) rapid extraction time of 30 min, (3) simple extraction procedure requiring neither extra heating nor grinding, but soaking, and (4) a long stable life of chlorophylla (at least one month at 5°C in the dark). 相似文献
3.
M.A. van Leeuwe L.A. Villerius J. Roggeveld R.J.W. Visser J. Stefels 《Marine Chemistry》2006,102(3-4):267-275
A recent development in algal pigment analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the application of automation. An optimization of a complete sampling and analysis protocol applied specifically in automation has not yet been performed. In this paper we show that automation can only be successful if the various methodological aspects of the sampling and analysis protocol are considered in coherence. We introduce an optimized protocol that involves freeze-drying of the sample, subsequent extraction in 90% acetone and the application of water-packing during analysis. The method was evaluated on both natural plankton populations and a broad spectrum of microalgal cultures: Thalassiosira weisflogii (Bacillariophyceae), Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae), Phaeocystis globosa and Phaeocystis antarctica (Prymnesiophyceae) and Pyramimonas sp. (Prasinophyceae). Whereas pigment extracts were unstable in methanol, with recorded chlorophyll a losses from 10% to 60% per day, pigment degradation rates in acetone were generally less than 1% over 18 h storage in the autosampler (4 °C). In addition, it was found that the extraction efficiency of acetone significantly increased upon freeze-drying prior to extraction. Increases as high as 50–60% were measured in P. antarctica. The application of water-packing of the sample during injection resulted in improved peak shape and peak separation, without diluting the pigment concentrations. Automation is especially beneficial for application in the field, when mixed algal assemblages and low biomass put a high demand on the sensitivity as well as reproducibility of the method. 相似文献
4.
Spatial Heterogeneity in Distributions of Chlorophyll a Derivatives in the Subarctic North Pacific during Summer 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
The distribution of chlorophyll a derivatives was examined in samples collected from the subarctic North Pacific during July to September 1997. Pheophorbide a, pheophytin a and pyropheophorbide a as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were the major derivatives recorded. The distribution patterns of chlorophyll a and its derivatives showed a strong vertical and horizontal heterogeneity. Patches with high concentration of derivatives seemed to be associated with high concentration of chlorophyll a. A clear east-west gradient was observed in both chlorophyll a and pheophorbide a integrated from the surface to 100 m depth with significantly higher amounts of both the pigments in the Western Subarctic Gyre and in the Bering Sea than in the Alaskan Gyre. In contrast, no apparent gradient was observed in the integrated pyropheophorbide a and pheophytin a. Grazing experiments conducted with the copepod (Neocalanus cristatus) and salp (Cyclosalpa bakeri) fed on five species of phytoplankton cultures, showed a marked difference in the composition of the derivatives in their fecal pellets. Pyropheophorbide a was dominant in the copepod fecal pellet regardless of the phytoplankton species fed on. In the salp, however, pheophytin a and pheophorbide a were found in the fecal pellets, the relative concentrations varying with the algal food. Spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of the derivatives is considered to reflect local variations in dominant herbivorous processes. 相似文献
5.
Kazushi Aranami Shuichi Watanabe Shizuo Tsunogai Masato Hayashi Ken Furuya Toshi Nagata 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(3):315-322
Dimethylsulfide (DMS), chlorophyll a (Chl-a), accessory pigments (fucoxanthin, peridinin and 19-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin), and bacterial production (BP) were measured in the surface layer (0–100 m) of the subarctic North Pacific, including the Bering Sea, during summer (14 July–5 September, 1997). In surface sewater, the concentrations of DMS and Chl-a varied widely from 1.3 to 13.2 nM (5.1 ± 3.0 nM, mean ± S.D., n = 48) and from 0.1 to 2.4 µg L–1 (0.6 ± 0.6 µg L–1, n = 24), respectively. In the subarctic North Pacific, DMS to Chl-a ratios (DMS/Chl-a) were higher on the eastern side than the western side (p < 0.0001). Below the euphotic zone, DMS/Chl-a ratios were law and the correlation between DMS and Chl-a was relatively strong (r
2 = 0.700, n = 27, p < 0.0001). In the euphotic zone, DMS/Chl-a ratios were higher and the correlation between DMS and Chl-a was weak (r
2 = 0.128, n = 50, p = 0.01). The wide variation in DMS/Chl-a ratios would be at least partially explained by the geographic variation in the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton, because of the negative correlation between DMS/Chl-a and fucoxanthin-to-Chl-a ratios (Fuc/Chl-a) (r
2 = 0.476, n = 26, p = 0.0001). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between DMS and BP (r
2 = 0.380, n = 19, p = 0.005). This suggests that BP did not represent DMS and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) removal by bacterial consumption but rather DMSP degradation to DMS by bacterial enzyme. 相似文献
6.
裂片石莼营养价值的评价及其多糖制备的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对采自福建的野生裂片石莼(Ulva fasciata)进行了分类学鉴定和营养价值评估;采用微波加热新方法,进一步研究了裂片石莼多糖提取工艺。研究结果表明,裂片石莼的总糖、粗蛋白质、总氨基酸和总脂含量分别为34.38%、27.60%、25.20%、11.70%;其必需氨基酸含量为10.0%,氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)=79.77;裂片石莼的重金属元素含量达到国家海藻制品的限量标准。研究结果还表明,通过正交实验优化微波加热提取工艺,与传统加热提取工艺相比,裂片石莼多糖的得率提高了21.35%,而耗能降低了58.51%。 相似文献
7.
用乙醇、DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)、丙酮3种不同有机溶剂分别萃取苏州环城河水样中的浮游植物细胞叶绿素a,在分光光度计上测定其叶绿素a含量,试验数据经方差分析、Q检验,结果显示,乙醇法、DMF法的叶绿素a萃取率极显著高于丙酮(F=54.20＞F0.01(2,18)(6.01)).另用这3种萃取方法分别测定无常蓝纤维藻(Dactylococcopsis irregularis )纯培养液叶绿素a含量,通过直线回归,同样证明乙醇法、DMF法重复率较高,稳定性好,萃取率高.从安全、简便、重复性高等方面综合考虑,认为用乙醇萃取法是目前水域环境中浮游植物叶绿素a简易测定的最佳方法. 相似文献
8.
东海陆架典型断面颗粒态氨基酸的分布及控制因素分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用高效液相色谱法,通过现场调查对东海典型PN断面(文中为C断面)的颗粒态氨基酸(Particulate Amino Acids,PAA)进行了分析,并结合叶绿素a(Chla)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、颗粒有机氮(PON)及颗粒态氨基酸的构型特征(D和L型)等参数探讨了该区颗粒有机氮的来源和降解情况。结果表明,在长江口最大浑浊带,受咸淡水混合和生物现场生产双重作用影响,POC、PON以及PAA的总浓度均达到了极大值,其中,受再悬浮作用影响,底层水体中的有机物呈现高度降解的状态;近岸水华区域的颗粒态氨基酸则更多来源于现场生产,而且POC/Chla质量比值与降解因子DI值的负相关特征表明冲淡水向海洋输送的过程中,现场生产力对颗粒有机碳的贡献比重逐渐增大,悬浮颗粒物也变得越来越新鲜。值得关注的是,一些D型氨基酸[如D型天冬氨酸(D-Asp),D型丙氨酸(D-Ala)]与细菌生物量之间存在良好的正相关性,暗示颗粒态氨基酸在受到物理水团和生物现场生产作用控制的同时,还受控于微微型浮游生物以及异养细菌。 相似文献
9.
Masanobu Shimada Hiromi Oaku Yasushi Mitomi Hiroshi Murakami Akira Mukaida Yasuhisa Nakamura Joji Ishizaka Hiroshi Kawamura Tasuku Tanaka Motoaki Kishino Hajime Fukushima 《Journal of Oceanography》1998,54(5):401-416
We present calibration and validation results of the OCTS’s ocean color version-3 product, which mainly consists of the chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) and the normalized water-leaving radiance (nLw). First, OCTS was calibrated for the inter-detector sensitivity difference, offset, and absolute sensitivity using external
calibration source. It was also vicariously calibrated using in-situ measurements for water (Chl-a andnLw) and atmosphere (optical thickness), which were acquired synchronously with OCTS under cloud-free conditions. Second, the
product was validated using selected 17 in-situ Chl-a and 11 in-situnLw measurements. We confirmed that Chl-a was estimated with an accuracy of 68% for Chl-a less than 2 mg/m3, andnLw from 94% (band 2) to 128% (band 4). Geometric accuracy was improved to 1.3 km. Stripes were significantly reduced by modifying
the detector normalization factor as a function of input radiance. 相似文献
10.
近20年渤海叶绿素a浓度时空变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
浮游植物作为食物链的基础,对海洋生态系统具有重要作用。渤海作为我国最大的内海和重要渔业生物的产卵场、育幼场和索饵场,该区浮游植物研究具有重要意义。叶绿素a浓度是反映浮游植物生物量的重要指标。利用Google Earth Engine平台,对1997–2010年的宽视场海洋观测传感器(SeaWiFS)叶绿素a浓度数据和2002–2018年的水色卫星中分辨率成像光谱仪传感器(MODIS Aqua)叶绿素a浓度数据进行合并,并研究其时空变化特征。研究表明,近20年来,渤海全年叶绿素a浓度增加了14.1%,且增加显著。叶绿素a浓度在所有季节都呈现增加趋势;除11月外,其他各月都呈现稳定或增加趋势。从滦河入河口沿岸至渤海海峡的渤海中部,叶绿素a浓度增加较明显。同时也分析了海洋表面温度、风速和降水量数据。夏季渤海周边区域降水量和风速增加以及秋季海表温度的降低都有助于同季叶绿素a浓度的升高。渤海浮游植物可能受陆源营养物质输入影响较大。 相似文献
11.
认识海洋在全球碳循环中的作用及其对环境变化的响应,需要高时空分辨率的观测数据。由于轨道宽度、云雨天气、太阳耀斑等的影响,单一的水色传感器的观测能力十分有限,将多源海洋水色卫星进行融合是提高水色数据时空覆盖的一种有效途径。SeaWiFS和MERIS分别于2010年12月11日和2012年5月9日停止运行,在很大程度上降低了水色融合产品时空覆盖的提升。我们在融合过程中加入了FY-3 MERSI数据,生成了全球海洋叶绿素浓度遥感融合产品数据集。数据源包括SeaWiFS、MERIS、MODIS-Aqua、VIIRS和MERSI。结果表明：加入MERSI后,融合产品的日平均有效空间覆盖提高了9%;采样频率（同一区域一年中获取有效数据的次数）由57天/年提高到109天/年。利用实测数据和国外同类融合产品（ESA GlobColour和NASA MEaSUREs）对新的数据集进行了质量评价。与实测数据相比,加入MERSI的融合产品精度与未加入MERSI的融合产品基本一致;与国外同类融合产品的偏差小于10%。新数据集的时间序列特性与未加入MERSI的融合产品以及单传感器的一致。 相似文献
12.
Chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration has an important economic effect in coastal and marine environments on fisheries resources and marine aquaculture development. Monthly climatologies the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) derived chl-a from February 1998 to August 2004 around Funka Bay were used to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of chl-a concentrations. SeaWiFS-derived suspended sediment, MODIS derived sea surface temperature (SST), solar radiation and wind data were also analyzed. Results showed two distinct chlorophyll blooms in spring and autumn. Chl-a concentrations were relatively low (<0.3 mg m−3) in the bay during summer, with high concentrations occurring along the coast, particularly near Yakumo and Shiraoi. In spring, chl-a concentrations increased, and a large (>2 mg m−3) phytoplankton bloom occurred. The spatial and temporal patterns were further confirmed by empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. About 83.94% of the variability could be explained by the first three modes. The first chl-a mode (77.93% of the total variance) explained the general seasonal cycle and quantified interannual variability in the bay. The spring condition was explained by the second mode (3.89% of the total variance), while the third mode (2.12% of the total variance) was associated with autumn condition. Local forcing such as the timing of intrusion of Oyashio water, wind condition and surface heating are the mechanisms that controlled the spatial and temporal variations of chlorophyll concentrations. Moreover, the variation of chlorophyll concentration along the coast seemed to be influenced by suspended sediment caused by resuspension or river discharge. 相似文献
13.
An analysis is presented of data on chlorophyll a concentrations of the total and the netplankton (>10 μm), determined either in April to June or in August to September from
48°N to 15°S along 175°E in the Pacific Ocean during 6 years by the NOPACCS (Northwest Pacific Carbon Cycle Study). Particular
attention was given to the variability of absolute concentrations of the netplankton chlorophyll a and their percentage shares of the total chlorophyll a concentration. Below 0.2 μg l−1 of surface total chlorophyll a, the netplankton chlorophyll a showed low percentage shares (such as 12.7% on average) with a large variation, but above 0.2 μg l−1 it was 35.9% on average with less variation, showing an accelerated increase at high total chlorophyll a concentrations. High netplankton chlorophyll a concentrations in surface waters were observed at high latitudes, in waters having high chlorophyll a concentrations at sub-surface depth, and in equatorial upwelling. The percentage shares of netplankton in the total chlorophyll
a in the euphotic zone were 8.5% and 25.9% above and below 0.2 μg l−1, respectively, although the data points scattered over a wide range (from 7.2% to 53.8%) depending on differences in water
masses, depths and seasons. High chlorophyll a concentrations and high percentage shares of netplankton corresponded to high ambient nitrate plus nitrite concentrations.
Integrated netplankton chlorophyll a concentrations in the euphotic zone varied from 0.7 to 19.5 mg m−2 in waters below 0.2 μg l−1 of surface total chlorophyll a, and from 2.0 to 29.5 mg m−2 above 0.2 μg l−1, and the percentage shares of netplankton for the former were 7.4% on average and 23.7% for the latter.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
随着经济社会快速发展, 中国湖泊表现出不同程度的富营养化, 湖泊生态正面临着严峻挑战。叶绿素a是评价水体营养状态的重要指标, 可以反映湖泊中浮游植物生物量情况。基于Landsat系列数据集, 对1986~2022年间中国范围内面积在10 km2以上湖泊叶绿素a浓度分布状况进行研究, 并对各区域叶绿素a浓度演变趋势进行分析, 结果表明: (1) 中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度存在地域性空间分布差异。叶绿素a浓度分布整体呈现东南高, 西北低的态势, 大约69%的湖泊处于轻富营养化程度, 中富营养化状态约占17%。以35°N和100°E为分界线, 各区域叶绿素a浓度随经纬度呈现出一定的变化规律。(2) 近40年间中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度年均值处于缓慢波动上升趋势, 时间序列呈现先降低后升高, 再降低的变化状态。所有湖泊叶绿素a浓度显著上升的数量占比约为30%, 显著下降的占比约为24.8%, 变化不显著的约占45.2%。整体变化较为稳定, 变异系数处于中等波动水平以下, 波动较大的区域位于青藏高原, 东北地区和长江中下游的部分地区。(3) 各流域内湖泊叶绿素a浓度时空分异特征表现为: 空间分布上, 内陆流域和西南流域普遍较低, 珠江流域和东南流域较高。时间变化上, 除了西南流域和内陆流域的湖泊叶绿素a浓度呈现下降趋势外, 其他流域均为上升趋势。中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度呈现出明显的地域性差异和时间变化趋势, 这主要归因于地区气候、水文条件、土地利用以及人类活动变化等因素。受温暖湿润气候和较强人类活动的影响, 东南部地区的湖泊叶绿素a浓度相对较高。西北部地区气温偏低, 降水较少, 湖泊叶绿素a浓度普遍较低。近40年的时间尺度上, 受城市化、工业化快速发展和全球气候变化的共同影响, 中国整体湖泊叶绿素a浓度呈缓慢上升趋势。 相似文献
15.
本文基于Aqua/MODIS、Terra/MODIS和Envisat/MERIS多源卫星叶绿素a浓度产品,研究了客观分析融合方法,制作了西北太平洋海域(0°~50°N,100°~150°E)叶绿素a浓度融合产品,并从有效数据空间覆盖率和产品精度两个方面对融合方法进行了评价。与单传感器以及欧洲太空局发布的GSM模型业务化融合产品相比,客观分析融合产品空间覆盖率明显提高;与收集的2002-2012年间叶绿素a浓度实测数据比较,GSM模型业务化融合产品的匹配数据点为578个,偏差为-0.20 mg/m3,均方根误差为0.37 mg/m3,客观分析法融合产品的匹配数据点为1432个,偏差为-0.21 mg/m3,均方根误差为0.36 mg/m3。结果表明:本文研究的客观分析融合方法在保证融合产品精度的同时可显著提高产品的空间覆盖率,在海洋水色融合应用前景广阔。 相似文献
16.
An algorithm was evaluated for estimating primary production in the Kuroshio front of the East China Sea. The algorithm involves three principal inputs: chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) vertical profile, water column photosynthetic parameter and underwater irradiance parameter. We construct empirical models for estimating those three inputs from sea surface variables accessible by means of satellite remote sensing. Types of Chl-a vertical profile were closely associated with water mass features, and sea surface temperature seemed to be a potential variable to distinguish profile types. The consequence of the deep Chl-a maximum (DCM) presence was investigated by comparing the vertically non-uniform Chl-a profile against the uniform Chl-a profile in terms of the integrated biomass and primary production estimates. Since the DCM in the frontal region occurred in a relatively shallow layer with relatively high light level, allowing intensive photosynthetic processes to take place in the DCM layer. In contrast, as the DCM in the Kuroshio region occurred in the low-light, deep layer, it contributed less to the integrated primary production. We inferred that the DCM formation is more important in the frontal region than in the Kuroshio region, as they potentially contributed within 30.9% (±9.1%) and 20.9% (±5.4%) to the integrated primary production in the frontal and the Kuroshio regions, respectively. Such different degrees in the DCM contribution was then revealed by the higher integrated primary production in the frontal region than in the Kuroshio region. 相似文献
17.
Mikel Latasa Robert R. Bidigare Michael E. Ondrusek Mahlon C. Kennicutt II 《Marine Chemistry》1996,51(4):315-324
Pure individual and mixed pigment standards were distributed among Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) pigment analysts to estimate the variability of their spectrophotometric and chromatographic systems. To monitor the integrity of the pigments during the comparison exercise, chlorophyll and carotenoid standards were archived and periodically analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Pigment standards stored in the dark under nitrogen at − 20 °C were found to be stable for periods of at least one year. Results from three separate intercalibration exercises document a better agreement for spectrophotometric analyses than for HPLC. For the spectrophotometric comparisons, 90% of the pigments analyzed by participant laboratories were within ± 6% of the mean “consensus” values. By contrast, 65 and 85% of the laboratories agreed to within ± 10 and ± 20%, respectively, when chromatographic analyses were compared. Chlorophyll absorption measurements obtained with a diode array-type spectrophotometer were 6–9% lower than those obtained with monochromator-type spectrophotometers. These underestimates probably result from chlorophyll fluorescence contamination associated with the optical configuration of the diode array spectrophotometer. It was also determined that HPLC methods which are not capable of separating monovinyl chlorophyll a from divinyl chlorophyll a can produce 15–25% overestimates of total chlorophyll a concentration in Prochlorococcus-dominated oceanic waters. A simple dichromatic approach is described for eliminating this variable source of error caused by co-elution of these structurally-related pigments. The use of internal standards and periodic calibration checks with external standards is highly recommended for improving analytical performance. 相似文献
18.
近年来, 渤海夏季低氧现象频发, 引起了人们的广泛关注。然而对该海域低氧形成的机制还未得到充分认识。研究基于在秦皇岛外海的现场观测, 分析了海水中颗粒物吸收光谱特征及其与不同粒径浮游植物叶绿素a (chl a)组成、环境因子的关系, 评估了夏季底层水体脱氧过程中有机物来源与特征。结果显示,夏季秦皇岛外海微型浮游植物chl a占总量的80%。表层水体中, 总颗粒物吸收光谱[ap(l)]特征由浮游植物色素吸收光谱[aph(l)]主导, 在中、底层水体中则由碎屑颗粒物吸收光谱[ad(l)]主导。垂向上, ap(440)和ad(440)均表现为表层<中层<底层。结果还表明, 浮游植物粒径主导秦皇岛外海chl a的光吸收效率, 即a*ph(440)。基于三粒级chl a含量, 可利用多元回归预测aph(440)。碎屑颗粒物的吸收光谱同样受浮游植物群落、有机质相对含量等的影响。研究结果表明初级生产产生的微型颗粒有机物是底层水体脱氧的主要底物。 相似文献
19.
In order to examine the applicability of remotely-sensed ocean color for the estimation of phytoplankton biomass and primary
production in the Oyashio region, the western subarctic Pacific, vertical distributions of chlorophylla concentration and primary production were observed in April and May 1997. Spring bloom was observed in both April and May,
and the surface concentration of chlorophylla exceeded 40 mg m−3. The relationship between the standing stocks of chlorophylla within the layer from the sea surface to one optical depth (0–1/k layer) and the surface chlorophylla concentration is expressed as a Michaelis-Menten equation. The mean ratio of the standing stock of chlorophylla in the euphotic layer to that in the 0–1/k layer was 4.41, this ratio did not significantly differ from 4.61 which was obtained at homogeneous distribution of chlorophylla within the euphotic layer. These facts suggest that the distribution of chlorophylla could be assumed to be homogeneous in the euphotic layer during the spring bloom. Results of primary production measurements
by simulatedin situ method were compared with those by an algorithm with two variables; chlorphylla and non-spectral PAR. Daily primary production in the euphotic layer estimated by the algorithm varied in a range of 38–274%
of that estimated by incubation, although the primary productions by the algorithm agreed with those by the incubation at
a half of stations. Primary production within the euphotic layer calculated using simply the surface data was the same as
that estimated using vertical distribution of chlorophylla. These results show that the primary production in the euphotic layer may be estimated from the remote sensed measurements
during the spring bloom in the Oyashio region. 相似文献
20.
采用SSPHunter软件在泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)磁珠富集文库和454转录组文库中搜索核心序列长度12bp以上的2—6核苷酸重复序列,根据富集文库所得基因组SSR侧翼序列设计47对引物,可成功扩增17对且均为多态性引物,多态率100%,平均等位基因数(Na)、观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)、多态性信息含量(PIC)分别为6.8、0.468、0.785、0.733。11344条EST序列中得到1683个SSR位点,检出率14.83%,平均每3.85kb出现1个位点。根据部分EST序列设计120对引物,62对可扩增出目的片段,其中29个位点具有多态性,多态率为46.77%,平均Na、Ho、He、PIC分别为4.2、0.372、0.554、0.500,均低于基因组SSR。双变量相关性分析的结果表明,46个多态性SSR位点的核心序列长度与其Na、Ho、He、PIC极显著正相关,Spearman相关系数分别为0.632、0.387、0.657、0.6640 相似文献