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本文利用PHC、ECCO2、SODA、GECCO3和CMIP6资料,分析了北冰洋热含量的水平分布特征、季节变化和长期变化趋势等,评估了CMIP6模式对北冰洋海洋热含量的模拟能力。研究发现,北冰洋海洋热含量表现出明显的季节变化:热含量在4月份最低,9月份最高;在历史情形下(1850?2014年),相较观测和再分析资料,CMIP6多模式集合平均(MME)的上层500 m热含量在格陵兰海偏暖,在挪威海、巴伦支海和欧亚海盆偏冷,MME的全水深热含量在北冰洋几乎所有区域均偏暖,在格陵兰海偏差最大;CMIP6模式对北冰洋温度剖面模拟偏差较大,MME平均温度在1 000 m以深均高于观测和再分析资料。在未来情形下(2015?2100年),MME表现出明显的北冰洋增暖情形,但绝大多数中国模式没有表现出明显的增暖情形。中国模式中,BCC-CSM2-MR和BCC-ESM1对北冰洋年平均热含量的模拟较差,CIESM对热含量季节和年代际变化模拟较差,FIO-ESM-2-0对北冰洋上层500 m年平均热含量及热含量季节和年代际变化的模拟都比较好。 相似文献
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2019年中国近海海洋热浪特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海洋热浪是指在一定海域内发生的海表温度异常偏高的现象,海洋热浪的发生会对海洋生态系统的功能与服务产生重大影响。近年来,中国近海海洋热浪频发,引起越来越多的关注。本文利用逐日海表温度观测资料对2019年中国近海海洋热浪特征进行研究分析,结果显示:2019年,在中国近海海南岛周边海域、长江口附近海域、渤海海域和江苏外海海域海洋热浪高发,频次为7～12次;北部湾附近海域海洋热浪发生时间最长,超过150 d。在此基础上,以北部湾海域2?4月经历的一次持续时间长达数月的海洋热浪事件为例,分析了事件期间对应的气温场、气压场以及风场的异常,并进一步分析了北部湾不同季节海洋热浪事件与各气象背景场的对应关系。总体而言,2019年北部湾海域2?4月海洋热浪期间,气温偏高,副热带高压面积偏大、位置偏西偏北,冬季风偏弱,是此海洋热浪发生与维持的重要原因。 相似文献
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南海夏季风爆发与南海热含量异常特征的相关分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过利用1958—2007年SODA月平均海温资料、1958—2008年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及1974—2008年NOAA卫星月平均OLR资料,分析了南海季风与南海上层海洋热含量之间的可能关系,发现南海夏季风爆发早晚与前冬南海上层海洋热含量存在显著的负相关,即当冬季南海上层海洋热含量偏高(低)时,次年南海夏季风爆发早(晚)。进一步对南海夏季风爆发异常年前期及前冬南海东部热含量异常年的相关大气环流特征分析后发现,南海夏季风爆发偏早和偏晚年前期的OLR特征、对流层环流特征及位势高度场分别与前冬南海东部热含量异常偏高和偏低年相一致。得出冬季南海东部热含量偏高(低)时,OLR在赤道东印度洋至我国南海及菲律宾以东为负(正)距平,南海地区对流加强(减弱);在纬向方向上,大气环流特征表现为正(负)的Walker距平环流,低纬Walker环流发展(减弱);在经向方向上,南海地区南北向局地Hadley环流加强(减弱);次年初春(3—4月)500hPa位势高度场在西太平洋副热带高压区总体为负(正)距平,副热带高压偏弱(强)。因此有(不)利于南海夏季风的早爆发。南海和西太平洋暖池区热含量异常都通过对流作用影响其上空大尺度... 相似文献
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采用卫星遥感资料反演出的海洋大气参数,应用通量算法(CORAER3.0),计算出了印度洋区域海气热通量,据此,分析研究了该区域海气热通量的年、年际和年代际变化特征。进而分析探讨了该区域热通量变化与南海夏季风爆发之间的联系。结果表明,北印度洋的热通量具有明显的季节变化特征,在一年四季最大热通量基本发生在阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾,但其量值具有明显的差异。特别是在南海季风爆发前后,其量值显著增大,4月份之前,平均潜热通量维持在110—120W/m2之间,4月份开始增大为130W/m2,5月份突然增大超过160W/m2。这种增大过程可能是影响南海夏季风或南亚夏季风爆发的关键。由分析可知,南海夏季风的爆发与北印度洋的热通量变化存在显著的相关关系,且它们均具有显著的年代际变化周期为16a。当3年前的5月份北印度洋区域海气潜热通量出现偏大(小)时,南海夏季风爆发时间会出现偏晚(早)的趋势。另外,为了预测南海夏季风爆发时间,建立了一个简单的回归方程,用来预测2012年南海夏季风爆发时间。预测结果表明,2012年南海夏季风爆发时间将会出现偏晚1—2候的趋势。 相似文献
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利用1955～1998年逐月的上层海洋热含量资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了南海夏季风爆发与热带西太平洋暖池区热含量异常的关系,并对影响过程进行了探讨.结果表明:(1)热带西太平洋暖池区是热带上层海洋热含量变化最大的区域,暖池区的热含量的变化与ENSO关系密切,是ENSO循环的重要组成部分,也是影响南海夏季风爆发最明显的地区.(2)南海夏季风爆发与前期(特别是前期冬、春季)暖池热状态的变化有密切关系,当前期暖池热含量高时,南海夏季风爆发早,反之爆发晚,这与由暖池变化所产生的上空大气的对流活动密切相关;4月暖池区热含量高(低)是预报南海夏季风爆发早(晚)的一个很好指标.(3)西太平洋暖池区热含量正异常时,辐散中心位于南海—西太平洋,对流强,西太副高弱且位置偏东,季风环流(印度洋纬向环流和经向环流)和Walker环流为正距平环流;正距平的季风环流有利于低空西到西南气流的加强,南海夏季风爆发早,反之爆发晚.由暖池变化所引起的大尺度季风环流和Walker环流的异常变化可能是影响南海夏季风爆发的一个重要动力机制. 相似文献
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龙须岛浪蚀花岗岩潮间带大型底栖藻类群落的季节变化模式 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用样方法对龙须岛浪蚀花岗岩潮间带进行了2年的生态学调查。龙须岛浪蚀花岗岩潮间带大型底栖藻类群落的种类组成存在着明显的季节变化 ,群落中最高和较高的藻类物种数量出现在4～8月 ,而最低值出现在10月份。在所有季节中红藻类群种类最为丰富 ,其次是褐藻 ,绿藻最少。群落中生物量的季节变化序列如下 :8月>10月>6月>12月>4月>2月。群落的生物量和各藻类类群的生物量的季节变化与龙须岛潮间带的海水温度变化相吻合 ,只有红藻类群的生物量在8月份略有下降。群落中大型底栖藻类的区系成分和优势种群存在着显著的季节波动或更替。总体来看 ,龙须岛浪蚀花岗岩潮间带大型底栖藻类群落的区系成分以暖温带成分为主 ,其次为冷水性成分、暖水性成分、温带成分和亚寒带成分。大型底栖藻类群落的物种丰富度指数季节变化序列依次为 :4月>6月>8月>2月>12月>10月 ,物种多样性为 :4月>6月>8月>2月>10月>12月 ,均匀度指数为 :4月>10月>2月>6月>8月>12月。龙须岛浪蚀花岗岩潮间带大型底栖藻类群落的季节变化可划分为3个季相 :“肠浒苔、珊瑚藻、石莼为优势种的冬、春季藻类群丛”、“鼠尾藻、石莼、珊瑚藻为优势种的夏季藻类群丛”和“石莼、叉枝藻、鼠尾藻为优势种的秋季藻类群丛”。潮间带海水的温度的季节变化是导致 相似文献
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《热带海洋学报》2017,(4)
采用Argo以及Aquarius卫星观测的海表盐度月平均资料研究了热带南印度洋海表盐度的季节变化特征。结果表明,在60°—80°E,5°—15°S海域海表盐度具有显著季节变化特征;夏半年盐度升高,冬半年盐度降低;但是其异常中心与降水异常中心不对应,降水不能解释盐度的季节变化。盐度收支分析显示,在夏半年,海表盐度增加的主要原因是经向平流将赤道地区的高盐输送至该地区;其中4—5月期间,海洋垂向卷夹作用加强,对海表高盐异常也起到重要作用。在冬半年,大气降水增加,海洋表层环流使得降水引起的局部低盐水体在该区域辐合;同时,向西的纬向平流将东南印度洋的低盐水体继续输送到该地区,二者对冬半年海表盐度降低都有重要贡献。 相似文献
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利用50 a的SODA资料对1月(冬季)和7月(夏季)印度洋越赤道经向翻转环流的年际变化进行研究。通过对2类典型年份的合成分析指出:1月份正异常年对应的经向翻转环流偏强,向北的经向热输送增加;7月份正异常年对应的经向翻转环流则偏弱,向南的经向热输送减少;1月份和7月份的负异常年皆与其正异常年相反;越赤道经向翻转环流有明显的年际变化,平均周期在4 a左右;经向翻转环流的年际变化和海面风场的变化密切相关。提出了反映1月和7月此环流年际变化的几个指数。 相似文献
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A. B. Nikishina A. V. Drits Yu. V. Vasilyeva A. G. Timonin K. A. Solovyev T. N. Ratkova V. M. Sergeeva 《Oceanology》2011,51(6):1029-1039
Noctiluca scintillans is a common and numerous component of the heterotrophic plankton living in the Black Sea. It can play a significant role
in the trophic dynamics of the pelagial community. The ingestion rate for the Black Sea Noctiluca is experimentally measured in this article, and its influence on the plankton community over the spring period is estimated.
The average grazing of phytoplankton by the N. scintillans population made up about 0.8% in March. In local swarms, it was up to 11%. Noctiluca grazed 4.6% of the primary production per day in June. The grazing of Calanus euxinus eggs by the Noctiluca population varied from 1% to 42% in March. Then, it was 16% in April and 23% in June. The grazing of Acartia clausi eggs was from 1% to 7% in March–April (up to 80% in Noctiluca swarms), from 60% to 817% in May, and 45% in June. The grazing of Calanus faecal pellets was less than 1% in March–April and more than 20% in the beginning of June. It is the first time when the
cumulative daily ration (subject to its various food components) for N. scintillans has been measured. The size of the ration was significantly higher than the energy expenditures on metabolism both in March
(0.21 μg of C/ind/day) and in the beginning of June (0.28 μg of C/ind/day). Thus, the rapid growth of the population was enabled. 相似文献
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基于2016年4—6月珠江口航次的现场调查资料及卫星数据, 对春季季风转换期的风场分布特征, 冲淡水路径的时空变化情况以及相应的生态响应进行了分析。结果显示珠江口及其临近海域在4—5月表现为过渡性风场, 受冬季风和夏季风的共同作用, 且风向多变。至6月, 冬季风消失, 西南季风控制了整个研究海域, 与此同时珠江径流量逐月增大, 冲淡水的分布特征也随着风场及径流变化发生转变。具体表现为4—5月份冲淡水向粤西沿岸方向扩展, 且在5月流幅更宽, 可达离岸70km处。6月冲淡水向东西两个方向扩展, 向西的冲淡水在河口外受到夏季风场以及背景流场的抑制, 形成以盐度和浊度为特征的锋面; 向东的冲淡水离岸扩展, 在粤东外海形成大面积的羽状流。此外, 珠江口叶绿素和溶解氧的分布主要受冲淡水的影响, 其分布形态与冲淡水路径相似。垂向上, 可观测到珠江口低氧的形成过程, 海水层化, 稳定水柱的形成以及生物分解过程共同导致了珠江口底部的溶解氧较低。浊度的分布主要受径流携带的悬沙影响, 与盐度有很强的负相关性。 相似文献
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浙江南部沿岸产卵场春、夏季鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成与分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2011年4月、5月与6月对浙江南部沿岸产卵场进行的共3个航次的调查资料,对该海域的鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成和数量分布进行了分析,结果表明,共发现鱼卵、仔稚鱼72个种类,分别隶属11目38科48属。其中鱼卵29种,分别隶属6目18科24属;仔稚鱼55种,分别隶属10目29科40属。4—6月仔稚鱼数量呈逐月递减的趋势,而鱼卵数量6月最多,5月最少。鱼卵优势种4月以斑鰶、棱鱚、小黄鱼与蓝点马鲛为主,5月以斑鰶、鳀、龙头鱼、银鲳、蓝点马鲛与石首鱼科为主,6月以鳀、龙头鱼、多鳞鱚与鲱科鱼类为主;仔稚鱼优势种4月以虾虎鱼类、褐菖鲉与平鲉科为主,5月以鳀、虾虎鱼类、棱鱚、斑鰶与长鳍篮子鱼为主,6月以鳀与虾虎鱼类为主。斑鰶、鲳鱼、小黄鱼、棱鱚、蓝点马鲛与褐菖鲉的产卵盛期为4月,而鳀与龙头鱼的产卵盛期为6月。 相似文献
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Abstract. In the Oslofjord two species of the amphipod genus Chaetogammarus, C. marinus (LEACH, 1815) and C. stoerensis (REID, 1938) were found to be annual species with similar life cycles. No differences in life cycle traits were found between two C. stoerensis populations where one occupied a freshwater influenced beach and the other a fully marine beach. The breeding period of both species was short and lasted from April to the end of May or early June. Frost prohibited embryonic development in the first part of April so few juveniles were released before the middle of May. In late May and early June all specimens which survived the winter died. The sex ratio was skewed in favour of females, and females produce two to three broods during lifetime. Between 16 and 31 % of the newly laid eggs failed to complete their development. The life cycle of populations of the two species from other geographical areas are compared with the Oslofjord data. 相似文献
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Geographical and seasonal variations in abundance,biomass and estimated production rates of microzooplankton in the Inland Sea of Japan 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
We measured abundance and biomass of 3 major groups of microzooplankton, i.e. tintinnids, naked ciliates and copepod nauplii, at 21 stations in the Inland Sea of Japan in October 1993, January, April and June 1994. The average abundance of the microzooplankton over the entire Inland Sea of Japan ranged from 2.39×105 indiv. m–3 in January to 4.00×105 indiv. m–3 in April. Ciliated protozoans, i.e. tintinnids plus naked ciliates, numerically dominated the microzooplankton. The average biomass of the microzooplankton was exceedingly high in October (8.62 mg C m–3) compared to that in the other months (2.06, 2.79 and 2.68 mg C m–3 in January, April and June, respectively). The ciliated protozoans also dominated in terms of biomass except in October, when copepod nauplii were more important. Estimated production rate of the microzooplankton was highest in October (average: 6.02 mg C m–3d–1) and followed in order by June, April and January (1.94, 1.14 and 0.54 mg C m–3d–1, respectively). Due to higher specific growth rate, the production rate by the ciliated protozoans far exceeded that by the copepod nauplii. The trophic importance of the microzooplankton in the pelagic ecosystem of the Inland Sea of Japan was assessed by estimating carbon flow through the microzooplankton community. 相似文献
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Z.-P. Mei L. Legendre J.-. Tremblay L.A. Miller Y. Gratton C. Lovejoy P.L. Yager M. Gosselin 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2005,52(12):2301-2314
The carbon to nitrogen (C:N) stoichiometry of phytoplankton production varied significantly during the spring–summer bloom in the North Water Polynya (NOW), from April through July 1998. The molar ratio of particulate organic carbon (POC) to nitrogen (PON) production by phytoplankton (ΔPOC:ΔPON) increased from 5.8 during April through early June to 8.9 in late June and July. The molar dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to nitrate+nitrite (NO3) drawdown ratio (ΔDIC: ΔNO3) increased from 6.7 in April and May, to 11.9 in June (no estimate for July because of ice melting). The discrepancy between ΔPOC:ΔPON and ΔDIC:ΔNO3 was likely due to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production. Increased ΔPOC:ΔPON of phytoplankton and surface water ΔDIC:ΔNO3 throughout the phytoplankton blooms resulted from changes in physical properties of the upper water column, such as reduced thickness of the surface mixed layer that exposed phytoplankton to increased photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), accompanied by NO3 depletion. This is expected to have significant effects on the cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in pelagic ecosystems, as the increased C:N ratio of organic matter decreases its quality as substrate for grazers and microbial communities. Based on ΔPOC:ΔPON, the ratio of POC to chlorophyll a (Chl) production (ΔPOC:ΔChl) and the relationship between Chl yields and NO3 depletion, we estimate that 71±17% and 46±20% of the depleted NO3 went to PON production in the euphotic zone over the polynya from April to early June, and late June to July, respectively. The remaining NO3 was likely channelled to dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and heterotrophic bacteria, which were not returned to the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) pool through recycling during the course of the study. Hence, the autotrophic production of organic N and its recycling by the microbial food web were not coupled temporally. 相似文献
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Parameter sensitivity of three Kalman filter schemes for assimilation of water levels in shelf sea models 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In applications of data assimilation algorithms, a number of poorly known assimilation parameters usually need to be specified. Hence, the documented success of data assimilation methodologies must rely on a moderate sensitivity to these parameters. This contribution presents a parameter sensitivity study of three well known Kalman filter approaches for the assimilation of water levels in a three dimensional hydrodynamic modelling system. The filters considered are the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), the reduced rank square root Kalman filter (RRSQRT) and the steady Kalman filter. A sensitivity analysis of key parameters in the schemes is undertaken for a setup in an idealised bay. The sensitivity of the resulting root mean square error (RMSE) is shown to be low to moderate. Hence the schemes are robust within an acceptable range and their application even with misspecified parameters is to be encouraged in this perspective. However, the predicted uncertainty of the assimilation results are sensitive to the parameters and hence must be applied with care. The sensitivity study further demonstrates the effectiveness of the steady Kalman filter in the given system as well as the great impact of assimilating even very few measurements. 相似文献