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1.
北印度洋的经向热输送与热收支的季节与年际变化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
探讨赤道以北印度洋的热量收支及变化机制。根据积分10年(1987～1996)的全球海洋模式(MOM 2 )资料,利用积分形式的热量平衡方程,系统地研究了北印度洋的经向热输送和热量收支的季节与年际变化。主要结论为:在季节尺度上,越赤道的经向热输送和赤道以北印度洋热含量变化有年循环特征,而海面净热通量呈现半年周期变化特点;在年际尺度上,热含量的变化主要由经向热输送的变化引起,其它项的影响较小;经向热输送集中在上5 0 0m ,尤其在15 0m以上;在总的经向热输送中,经向翻转环流的贡献起主要作用,涡动项的贡献比较小;某一纬度上经向热输送异常以及此纬度以北印度洋总的海面净热通量异常与此纬度上纬向积分的纬向风应力异常有很好的相关关系;还分析了10°N阿拉伯海和10°N孟加拉湾的经向热输送与越赤道的经向热输送的关系,以及海面净热通量各分量的变化特点。 相似文献
2.
利用50a(1950~1999)的SODA资料对北印度洋(7°S以北)越赤道的经向翻转环流及其年际变化进行了研究。结果表明,就年平均而言,上层向北的入流在越过赤道后最终通过Ekman层向南返回构成环流圈;在赤道附近的混合层,表层存在与Ekman流相反的流动。向北的入流主要通过西边界流实现,深度可达500m,向南的流动在西部较强。此环流有很明显的年际变化,周期约为4a;它的变化与海面风应力的变化是密切相关的。提出了反映此环流年际变化的2个指数。 相似文献
3.
北太平洋经向翻转环流(NPMOC)是北太平洋所有经向翻转环流圈的总称,拥有5个环流圈结构.其中,热带环流圈(TC)、副热带环流圈(STC)和深层热带环流圈(DTC)位于北太平洋热带-副热带海域,是该海域间经向物质和能量交换的重要通道.主要运用NEMO模式对这3个经向翻转环流圈的年际变化特征和机理进行了研究.结果表明,TC、STC和DTC的经向流量都具有显著的年际变化特征:在El Nio期间,TC的南、北向流量均减弱,STC的北向流量增强、南向流量减弱,DTC的南向流量减弱;而在La Nia期间则相反.敏感性试验表明,在风应力强迫下得到的TC、STC南、北向流量和DTC南向流量的年际变化特征都很显著,并与在风应力、热通量和淡水通量共同强迫下得到的结果非常一致;而仅在热通量和淡水通量的强迫下,各分支流量的年际变化均较小.由此可见,风场驱动是引起北太平洋经向翻转环流年际变化的主要驱动因素,而热通量和淡水通量的影响却较小. 相似文献
4.
基于1992—2015年国际共享的ECCO v4 (Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean Version 4)同化产品,利用热含量控制方程定量地诊断赤道太平洋(118°E—75°W, 5°S—5°N, 0～300m)和Ni?o 3.4区(170°W—120°W, 5°S—5°N,0～80m)这两块区域热含量变化机制。对于去掉季节平均后的年际变化,在赤道太平洋地区,时间趋势项主要由经向输送和海表热通量项共同驱动。通过5°N断面的输送决定了时间趋势项的幅值和正负符号。在Ni?o3.4区,时间趋势项主要由海表热通量项和热量输送项共同驱动,其中垂向输送对总输送贡献最大。赤道太平洋地区经向热量输送异常领先于Ni?o3.4区垂向热量输送异常,这解释了在年际尺度上赤道太平洋热含量异常领先Ni?o3.4指数变化的原因。尽管EP(Eastern Pattern)型El Ni?o和CP(Central Pattern)型El Ni?o有许多不同之处,合成分析表明,两类El Ni?o的共同点为:在赤道太平洋地区,两类El Ni?o事件的热量输送异常在发展期和衰退期由经向输送主导;在Ni?o 3.4区, EP型El Ni?o和CP型El Ni?o的热量输送在发展期和衰退期由垂向输送主导。 相似文献
5.
北太平洋经向翻转环流(NPMOC)是北太平洋所有经向翻转环流圈的总称。其中,热带环流圈(TC)、副热带环流圈(STC)和深层热带环流圈(DTC)位于北太平洋热带-副热带海域,是该海域经向物质和能量交换的重要通道。基于NEMO模式分别对TC、STC和DTC经向流量的季节变化特征和机理进行了模拟研究,驱动场增强和减弱情况下的敏感性试验表明,风应力是TC和STC南、北向输送以及DTC南向输送季节变化的主要影响因素,而热通量和淡水通量的影响较小;风应力和热盐通量季节变化情况下的敏感性试验表明,TC和STC的南、北向输送以及DTC的南向输送主要是由风应力的季节振荡引起的,而热通量和淡水通量的影响较小。 相似文献
6.
黑潮输送的异常及其与大尺度海气相互作用的关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以128.5°E为界,沿27°N,北太平洋西边界流输送可以分成呈明显负相关的东、西2段。西段(即黑潮)主要参与副热带环流(STG)和经向环流(STC);东段主要参与日本东南的反气旋式涡旋再回流。从气候态来看,西段输送在7、8月份最大,3月份次大;东段输送在6—8月份最小,其它月份比较接近;整体结果表现为全年有2个接近的极大值,分别是3、4月份和7、8月份。从年序列来看,西段输送在20世纪70年代后期有一次明显的突变;而东段在1955年突然减小,在1963年突然增大。小波分析表明,东、西两段的振荡周期都随时间变化。西段输送时间序列的20a左右周期振荡在1976年以前非常明显,9a左右周期振荡在1985年以后比较显著;东段输送的13a左右周期在1976年以前显著,1985年以后的主要振荡周期从7a逐渐减小到3a左右。奇异谱分析表明,西段输送的年代际变化占总方差的45%,年际变化占总方差的13.6%;东段输送的年代际变化占总方差的24.3%,年际变化占总方差的32.3%。黑潮输送异常和太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)及ENSO有着非常密切的关系。在年代际尺度上,一个可能的过程是,PDO超前于黑潮输送异常;异常的黑潮输送通过改变北太平洋中部的SST梯度引起的海气相互作用过程而调制ENSO的变化。在年际尺度上,黑潮输送异常滞后于PDO和ENSO变化,且呈负相关。 相似文献
7.
基于1992—2015年国际共享的ECCO v4 (Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean Version 4)同化产品, 利用热含量控制方程定量地诊断赤道太平洋(118°E—75°W, 5°S—5°N, 0~300m)和Niño 3.4区(170°W—120°W, 5°S—5°N, 0~80m)这两块区域热含量变化机制。对于去掉季节平均后的年际变化, 在赤道太平洋地区, 时间趋势项主要由经向输送和海表热通量项共同驱动。通过5°N断面的输送决定了时间趋势项的幅值和正负符号。在Niño 3.4区, 时间趋势项主要由海表热通量项和热量输送项共同驱动, 其中垂向输送对总输送贡献最大。赤道太平洋地区经向热量输送异常领先于Niño 3.4区垂向热量输送异常, 这解释了在年际尺度上赤道太平洋热含量异常领先Niño 3.4指数变化的原因。尽管EP(Eastern Pattern)型El Niño和CP(Central Pattern)型El Niño有许多不同之处, 合成分析表明, 两类El Niño的共同点为: 在赤道太平洋地区, 两类El Niño事件的热量输送异常在发展期和衰退期由经向输送主导; 在Niño 3.4区, EP型El Niño和CP型El Niño的热量输送在发展期和衰退期由垂向输送主导。 相似文献
8.
本文主要利用1973～1989年逐月全球热带200hPa及850hPa层经、纬向格点风及1980年以来1000,850,700,500,200,100,50hPa各层经纬向格点风,确定了热带对流层高、低(200,850hPa)层具有气候意义的越赤道气流通道,并分析了各越赤道气流通道强度的时、空变化特征。指出东半球比西半球越赤道气流强且稳定,季节变化也较明显。文章还指出,低层东半球向夏半球输送,高层夏半球向冬半球输送,且高、低层各相应通道强度变化趋势基本一致。高层与低层相比较,低层通道强且稳定,季节变化规律也较明显。文章还讨论了越赤道气流与大气环流系统的密切关系,指出各通道强度的年际变化是南、北两半球大尺度海-气相互作用的重要组成部分,是全球大气环流异常变化的重要信息。 相似文献
9.
北太平洋经向翻转环流是北太平洋所有经向翻转环流圈的总称,目前它拥有五个环流圈,即副热带环流圈(the subtropical cell,STC)、热带环流圈(the tropical cell,TC)、副极地环流圈(the subpolar cell,SPC)、深层热带环流圈(the deep tropical cell,DTC)和温跃层环流圈(the thermohaline cell,THC)。这些环流圈是北太平洋经向物质和能量交换的重要通道,它们的变化对海洋上层热盐结构和气候变化皆有重要影响。迄今,人们已对STC、TC和DTC的结构形态、变化特征与机理开展了广泛而深入的研究,并对STC的极向热输送特征也做了一些初步分析。但应指出的是,关于SPC和THC的研究仍较少,迄今尚不清楚这两个环流圈的三维结构和变异机理;而且,对北太平洋经向翻转环流的热盐输送研究尚处于起步阶段,目前对各环流圈的热盐输送特征、变化规律和变异机理仍知之甚少,这些科学问题亟待深入研究。 相似文献
10.
热带太平洋10月份海气联合复EOF分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用复EOF分析,将热带太平洋10月份的大气环流风场和大洋上层环流场作为一个整体,对其作了动力统计诊断,用以考察热带太平洋10月份大气大洋耦合环流的年际和年代际变化,并揭示其与厄尔尼诺和南方涛动(ENSO)的关系。结果表明:在同一模态中,海洋模态表现出很强的赤道陷度特征,而大气风场则无此现象;第一模态与ENSO循环有密切关系,揭示了Walker环流异常;第一模态的垂直运动风场反映了热带太平洋赤道辐合带和南太平洋辐合带上垂直运动的异常;第二模态偏差风场的经向分量大于第一模态,反映了Hadley环流的异常;第二模态与ENSO循环有联系,但关系不如第一模态那样密切。 相似文献
11.
The problem of understanding linear predictability of elements of the ocean circulation is explored in the Atlantic Ocean for two disparate elements: (1) sea surface temperature (SST) under the storm track in a small region east of the Grand Banks and, (2) the meridional overturning circulation north of 30.5°S. To be worthwhile, any nonlinear method would need to exhibit greater skill, and so a rough baseline from which to judge more complex methods is the goal. A 16-year ocean state estimate is used, under the assumption that internal oceanic variability is dominating externally imposed changes. No evidence exists of significant nonlinearity in the bulk of the system over this time span. Linear predictability is the story of time and space correlations, and some predictive skill exists for a few months in SST, with some minor capability extending to a few years. Sixteen years is, however, far too short for an evaluation for interannual, much less decadal, variability, although orders of magnitude are likely stably estimated. The meridional structure of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC), defined as the time-varying vertical integral to the maximum meridional volume transport at each latitude, shows nearly complete decorrelation in the variability across about 35°N—the Gulf Stream system. If a time-scale exists displaying coherence of the MOC between subpolar and subtropical gyres, it lies beyond the existing observation duration, and that has consequences for observing system strategies and the more general problem of detectability of change. 相似文献
12.
A zonal-average model of the upper branch of the meridional overturning circulation of the southern ocean is constructed and used to discuss the processes – wind, buoyancy, eddy forcing and boundary conditions – that control its strength and sense of circulation. The geometry of the thermocline ‘wedge’, set by the mapping between the vertical spacing of buoyancy surfaces (the stratification) on the equatorial flank of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and their outcrop at the sea surface, is seen to play a central role by setting the interior large-scale potential vorticity distribution. It is shown that the action of eddies mixing this potential vorticity field induces a residual flow in the meridional plane much as is observed, with upwelling of fluid around Antarctica, northward surface flow and subduction to form intermediate water. Along with this overturning circulation there is a concomitant air-sea buoyancy flux directed in to the ocean. 相似文献
13.
The results of simulating global ocean circulation and its interannual variability in 1948–2007 using INM RAS ocean general circulation model INMOM (Institute of Numerical Mathematics Ocean Model) are presented. One of the INMOM versions is also used for the Black Sea dynamics simulation. The CORE datasets were used to set realistic atmospheric forcing. Sea ice area decrease by 2007 was reproduced in the Arctic Ocean that is in good agreement with observations. The interdecadal climatic variability was revealed with significant decrease of Atlantic thermohaline circulation (ATHC) and meridional heat transport (MHT) in North Atlantic (NA) since the late 1990’s. MHT presents decrease of heat transport from NA to the atmosphere since the mid-1990’s. Therefore the negative feedback is revealed in the Earth climate system that leads to reducing of climate warming caused primarily by anthropogenic factor for the last decades. Long-term variability (60 years) of ATHC is revealed as well which influences NA thermal state with 10 year delay. The assumption is argued that this mechanism can make a contribution in the ATHC own long-term variability. 相似文献
14.
R.R. Rao M.S. Girish Kumar M. Ravichandran A.R. Rao V.V. Gopalakrishna P. Thadathil 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(1):1-13
The observed variability of the Kelvin waves and their propagation in the equatorial wave guide of the Indian Ocean and in the coastal wave guides of the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and the southeastern Arabian Sea (AS) on seasonal to interannual time scales during years 1993–2006 is examined utilizing all the available satellite and in-situ measurements. The Kelvin wave regime inferred from the satellite-derived sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) shows a distinct annual cycle composed of two pairs of alternate upwelling (first one occurring during January–March and the second one occurring during August–September) and downwelling (first one occurring during April–June and the second one occurring during October–December) Kelvin waves that propagate eastward along the equator and hit the Sumatra coast and bifurcate. The northern branches propagate counterclockwise over varied distances along the coastal wave guide of the BoB. The potential mechanisms that contribute to the mid-way termination of the first upwelling and the first downwelling Kelvin waves in the wave guide of the BoB are hypothesized. The second downwelling Kelvin wave alone reaches the southeastern AS, and it shows large interannual variability caused primarily by similar variability in the equatorial westerly winds during boreal fall. The westward propagating downwelling Rossby waves triggered by the second downwelling Kelvin wave off the eastern rim of the BoB also shows large interannual variability in the near surface thermal structure derived from SODA analysis. The strength of the equatorial westerlies driven by the east–west gradient of the heat sources in the troposphere appears to be a critical factor in determining the observed interannual variability of the second downwelling Kelvin wave in the wave guides of the equatorial Indian Ocean, the coastal BoB, and the southeastern AS. 相似文献
15.
Recent changes in the North Atlantic circulation simulated with eddy-permitting and eddy-resolving ocean models 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Robert Marsh Beverly A. de Cuevas Andrew C. Coward Julien Jacquin Joel J.-M. Hirschi Yevgeny Aksenov A.J. George Nurser Simon A. Josey 《Ocean Modelling》2009,28(4):226-239
Three eddy-permitting (1/4°) versions and one eddy-resolving (1/12°) version of the OCCAM ocean model are used to simulate the World Ocean circulation since 1985. The first eddy-permitting simulation has been used extensively in previous studies, and provides a point of reference. A second, improved, eddy-permitting simulation is forced in the same manner as the eddy-resolving simulation, with a dataset based on a blend of NCEP re-analysis and satellite data. The third eddy-permitting simulation is forced with a different dataset, based on the ERA-40 re-analysis data. Inter-comparison of these simulations in the North Atlantic clarifies the relative importance of resolution and choice of forcing dataset, for simulating the mean state and recent variability of the basin-scale circulation in that region. Differences between the first and second eddy-permitting simulations additionally reveal an erroneous influence of sea ice on surface salinity, dense water formation, and the meridional overturning circulation. Simulations are further evaluated in terms of long-term mean ocean heat transport at selected latitudes (for which hydrographic estimates are available) and sea surface temperature errors (relative to observations). By these criteria, closest agreement with observations is obtained for the eddy-resolving simulation. In this simulation, there is also a weak decadal variation in mid-latitudes, with heat transport strongest, by around 0.2 PW, in the mid-1990s. In two of the eddy-permitting simulations, by contrast, heat transport weakens through the study period, by up to 0.4 PW in mid-latitudes. The most notable changes of heat transport in all simulations are linked to a weakening of the subpolar gyre, rather than changes in the meridional overturning circulation. It is concluded that recent changes in the structure of mid-latitude heat transport in the North Atlantic are more accurately represented if eddies are explicitly resolved. 相似文献
16.
Spatial and temporal variability of heat content above the thermocline in the tropical Pacific Ocean 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract-Heat content of the upper layer above the 20℃ isotherm in the tropical Pacific Ocean isestimated by using the sea temperature data set with a resolution 2°latitude×5°longitude (1980～1993)for the water depths (every 10 m) from 0 m to 400 m, and its temporal and spatial variabilities are an-alyzed. (1) The temporal variability indicates that the total heat in the upper layer of the equatorial Pa-cific Ocean is charcterized by the interannual variability. The time series of the equatorial heat anomaly5 months lead that of the El Nino index at the best positive lag correlation between the two, and theformer 13 months lag behind the latter at their best negative lag correlation. Therefore the equatorialheat content can be used as a better predictor than the El Nino index for a warm or cold event. In addi-tion, it is also found that less heat anomaly in the equator corresponds to the stronger warm events inthe period (1980～1993) and much more heat was accumulated in the 4 years including 1992/1 相似文献
17.
18.
本文采用SODA3.4.2再分析数据和POP2海洋模式研究了季风转换期间（春季和秋季）热带印度洋经向热输运异常（Meridional Heat Transport Anomaly, MHTA）的年际变异特征。春季MHTA存在两个主要模态,即一致模态和辐合辐散模态:一致模态表现为热带印度洋上层一致的向北输运,受热带印度洋海温一致模相关的赤道反对称风场（赤道以北/南为东北风/西北风异常）调控;辐合辐散模态则呈现关于赤道对称的表层辐散次表层辐合特征,受控于赤道以南的热带西南印度洋和副热带东南印度洋海温偶极子。然而,秋季MHTA仅表现为辐合辐散模态,受到印度洋偶极子期间赤道东风和赤道外反气旋式风应力异常影响。此外,POP2敏感性试验也验证了印度洋海温模态影响下异常风场对MHTA的调控作用,即反对称的风引起一致向北的MHTA,赤道东风异常引起MHTA表层辐散、次表层辐合现象。因此,热带印度洋海气耦合模态年际变化对印度洋上层热量再分配有着重要的意义。 相似文献
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印度洋上层海气相互作用对印度洋和太平洋气候系统有重要影响。目前针对印度洋气候态环流特征已有较为全面的研究,但针对印度洋环流的年际变化及其季节性差异的特征分析和具体作用机制,仍缺乏深入的研究。本文利用1979—2007年Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA)再分析资料研究了赤道印度洋表层辐合辐散的年际变异及其季节依赖性。结果表明,以赤道为中心,印度洋上层异常海流,在经向上形成显著的辐合(辐散)现象,究其原因主要是赤道纬向风异常形成的Ekman流所导致。进一步分析表明,热带印度洋异常纬向风的成因与太平洋-印度洋的热力强迫过程作用有关,并且不同的热力强迫过程呈现出显著的季节差异性。此热力强迫过程,具体可分为3种类型:第一类是太平洋纬向海表热力差异的遥强迫作用,主要发生在冬末春初,热带太平洋的纬向热力差异通过调节Walker环流,在印度洋激发出一个异常的次级环流,对应的大气低层形成纬向风异常;第二类是东-西印度洋海表热力差异的局地强迫作用导致的局地环流,使赤道印度洋上空形成纬向风异常,此过程在春末夏初较为显著;第三类是太平洋-印度洋热力差协同作用的结果,使赤道印度洋盛行异常的纬向风,此过程在秋季起主导作用。 相似文献