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1.
基于人口变化的视角，分别对2000—2016年间广东省县级以上城市的常住人口与户籍人口进行动态观察，分析不同类型城市人口收缩的时间变化与空间分布，并运用定量回归方法探讨其影响因素。研究发现：普遍增长伴随着局部收缩是广东省城市人口变化的主要特征，常住人口收缩数量变化具有波动性和短期性的特征，而户籍人口的波动变化则相对较平稳；省域层面城市人口收缩呈现“核心地区增长—外围地区收缩”的总体分布规律，持续收缩和片段收缩的城市主要集中在省域边缘地带。此外，产业经济动力不足、区域发展存在的差异、地方财政力量薄弱以及本地人口持续外流是导致外围地区城市人口收缩的主要影响因素。 相似文献
2.
Linda McCarthy 《The Professional geographer》2000,52(2):193-205
Most empirical work on changing disparities in income during recently increased European integration examines the European Union (EU)‐defined regions because of a dearth of readily available urban units of analysis and economic indicators. Moreover, a lack of systematic data on urban entrepreneurial efforts fuels debate over their effectiveness in enhancing urban prosperity. I combine a quantitative analysis of trends in income disparities for the Western European urban system for 1980‐1994, with comparative case studies using qualitative and quantitative information for three problem cities in Britain that were selected in order to investigate the types and effectiveness of their urban entrepreneurial efforts. On the one hand, the macro analysis provides no clear evidence of convergence in urban incomes. On the other hand, while the public‐private partnerships in the problem cities vary somewhat depending on local context, their entrepreneurial strategies are remarkably similar. Higher levels of economic development spending, however, do not translate necessarily into improved urban performance. 相似文献
3.
基于第六次人口普查、第二次经济普查和问卷调查数据,定量描述和分析了上海都市区内部以街道为空间尺度的就业可达性及其空间格局,探讨了劳动者的工资收入与居住区位就业可达性的关系。结论表明：上海市的居民就业可达性呈现相对均衡的多中心分布格局,与北京就业可达性单中心的分布格局有明显的不同。同时,在控制个人经济社会属性和地区属性的条件下,上海的居民就业可达性对居民个人收入水平具有显著的正向影响。这一结论的政策含义是,地理区位较差的住房有损于居民收入,可能是吸引力不足的重要原因之一;政府通过提高地区的居民就业可达性,有助于改善就业机会,促进居民个人收入的增加。 相似文献
4.
选取厨师创意群体为研究对象,通过对历年《国家名厨》入选厨师流动轨迹数据的收集,借助空间分析和网络分析等方法探究厨师创意群体的空间分布和流动网络特征,在此基础上采用岭回归分析方法揭示影响名厨在中国不同城市流动的主要因素。结果表明：1）中国名厨的出生地和现居地呈现差异化分布特征,不同菜系名厨均在菜系发源地周边形成一定的地域集聚,但部分菜系名厨呈现全国扩散趋势,反映地缘文化和市场因素的共同作用。2）名厨流动网络空间不均衡性明显,并且不同阶段的流动网络存在一定差异,欠发达地区人才流失现象突出,核心名厨群体表现出更高的地方“嵌入性”。3）建立在“学徒制”之上的社会关系网络是影响名厨空间流动的最核心要素,其次是城市餐饮业、服务业和总体经济发展水平,而基础设施和文化娱乐设施等因素影响并不明显,反映厨师群体特殊的社会网络结构、工作性质和文化水平特征。 相似文献
5.
This paper discusses the impacts of population growth and economic development on maize diversity in highland Guatemala. In the context of this discussion, economic development specifically refers to the recent expansion of the non-traditional agricultural exports (NTAEs). Population growth and economic development (i.e. NTAEs) are linked because as land has become scarce in highland Guatemala, due to the poor distribution of land resources and rapid population growth over the past 50 years, many farmers have turned to non-traditional economic strategies such as new crops that produce more income per unit of land. These new crops have improved the economic conditions of many farming families, but it has come at a cost regarding the maintenance of local maize varieties and household food security. 相似文献
6.
S.B. Kendie 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1998,19(1):26-38
The relationships between poverty, population growth and government policy in the creation of poor sanitary environments in low income residential areas are discussed. In recent years, the implementation of structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries has had the effect of shrinking the formal/modern sectors and expanding the informal sector. While small scale informal sector activities have dominated Cape Coast's economic base for a long time, the contraction of the formal sector resulting from structural adjustment conditionalities has engendered a disproportionate growth of the informal sector. This paper examines the environmental implications on an urban economy (Cape Coast) dominated by informal sector activities. It shows how the low pay associated with available employment reduces the ability of the municipal authority to promote urban development especially environmental health on the basis of taxes alone. 相似文献
7.
基于高铁网络的中国省会城市经济可达性 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基于列车时刻表中的省会城市间交通时间以及相应票价数据和各省市城镇居民家庭人均收入数据,以铁路服务价格、城镇居民消费铁路服务能力两方面为突破口,分析高铁网络对中国省会城市经济可达性的影响。结果表明：① 高铁网络不同程度地提升了省会城市铁路服务价格,降低了铁路服务价格与时间可达性的相关性,同时改变了铁路服务价格的分布格局。② 城镇居民消费铁路服务能力等级差异明显,其中收入水平发挥着决定性作用,而铁路服务价格的影响也不容忽视。③ 高铁网络缩小了“所有城市”铁路服务价格、铁路服务消费能力分布的不公平性,但扩大了“高铁城市”铁路服务价格、铁路服务消费能力分布的不公平性;铁路服务消费能力分布的不公平程度高于铁路服务价格分布的不公平程度。 相似文献
8.
城市边缘区乡村旅游化效应及其意义——以山东日照王家皂村为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
城市发展空间外拓对其边缘区乡村影响较大,旅游化是乡村发展过程中有别于工业化的一种形式.在对山东省日照市王家皂村农户问卷调研所得数据基础上对旅游化的效应进行评价,得出:旅游化使得村民旅游经济收入得以迅速增加;村民就业结构发生较大变化,农村劳动力向单部门经济转移;村民旅游参与意识增强,对旅游经济前景普遍看好;生活环境与质量发生改变,社区问题开始显现;正、负旅游示范效应影响并存,社区社会生态平衡面临挑战等结论,并对旅游化效应的社会意义进行了探讨. 相似文献
9.
基于生活性服务业POI、手机信令和管理人口数据等大数据,采用最邻近指数、核密度、熵指数及地理探测器方法,探究深圳市生活性服务业的空间格局及影响因素。结果表明：1）深圳市生活性服务业空间分布不均衡,主要集中在中、西部地区,总体呈现“两核-三带”的空间集聚特征;空间上呈带状发展形态,主要集聚在交通主干道及轨道线周边区域。2）大多数服务业类别的空间特征与总体生活性服务业的空间分布特征基本一致,少数区域因产业发展导致空间分布集聚的差异化。3）生活性服务业混合度在罗湖区、福田区、南山区类别相对均衡,在宝安区、龙华区等其他区类别相对单一,混合度高的区域大多集中在“两核”外的边缘区域,而不是POI密度最高的“两核”核心处。4）人口因素是影响生活性服务业空间格局的最主要因素,其次为交通因素,经济因素和空间因素的影响程度较低。5）各探测因子对各类生活性服务业空间分布的影响程度存在差异,不同年龄段因需求不同影响到各类别生活性服务业的空间分布。 相似文献
10.
Jennifer R. Wolch 《The Professional geographer》1979,31(3):271-277
The concentration of poor, service-dependent groups in aging central cities results both from suburbanization of the affluent and from the reliance of the service-dependent population upon place-specific human services provided by the public sector. Such concentration of services and their users in deteriorating inner-city sites may be functional for the larger society, but it has adverse impacts upon those who are service dependent. This paper argues that the implications of locational interdependence between such groups and their support services demand a paradigm for urban geography that centers upon the fundamental structure and impacts of population/service-provision linkages. 相似文献
11.
《Urban geography》2013,34(6):567-576
From an almost infinite variety of available materials, each culture selects those that it accepts as food. Most diets are based on a carbohydrate-rich staple, supplemented by other foods. Animal sources of protein are the most desired but the most expensive to produce and acquire; thus, they command high prestige. With increasing prosperity, diets contain more animal foods and fewer staples (Bennett's law), even as the proportion of income used to purchase food declines (Engel's law). Because of higher incomes in cities, urban residents of developing countries spend a smaller percentage of their income on food than do rural residents, and they eat a higher-quality diet. However, Basta found that recent migrants from the countryside in many developing nations do not enjoy improved diets. This paper reports on research, based on published government statistics, that finds that in China, the poorest segment of the urban population (1) spends a higher percentage of its income on food than do rural people but (2) enjoys a higher-quality diet. [Key words: diet, China, nutrition.] 相似文献
12.
消费升级时代孕育了生活性服务新业态,改变了生活服务业的城市空间格局。论文以菜市场作为生活服务空间的代表,选取武汉市这一中国城市消费升级样本及城市疫后复苏“风向标”作为典型案例区,结合GIS空间计量和STATA统计分析,探讨菜市场综合体系的形成过程、类型差异和影响因素。研究发现：① 武汉市菜市场经历了传统农贸市场主导—零售新业态扩张—社区尺度回落的历程,形成以大卖场生鲜部、农贸市场、生鲜超市及社区菜场为主的复合型生活服务空间,并在疫后展现出一定韧性;② 武汉市菜市场整体上由双核心向多核心转变,由城市中心向外围延伸,且呈现出农贸市场“团簇状”、生鲜超市“条型”、大卖场“点状”、社区菜场“蝶形”的分类型差异化格局;③ 全业态菜市场布局受社会、经济、区位和发展基础影响显著,传统业态受市场和区位要素影响显著,零售新业态受经济要素和前期菜市场集聚程度的影响显著,且消费升级态势下新建菜市场选址更加偏好购物中心代表的体验式消费场所。研究结果对于丰富现代菜市场体系的类型研究,拓展城市生活服务空间研究的学科视域具有一定理论意义,同时对于优化城市生活服务空间结构以满足居民日益增长的美好生活需要和服务品质追求具有一定现实价值。 相似文献
13.
基于HLM和GWR的汪清县农村贫困成因探究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
明确贫困成因是提高精准扶贫效率和稳定脱贫成效的基本前提。对偏远少数民族聚居区——吉林省汪清县农村贫困成因进行解析,采用多层线性模型(HLM)同时分析了家庭层次和环境层次因素对农村贫困家庭年纯收入的影响,并利用地理加权回归方法(GWR)探索了环境层次变量影响的空间异质性。研究结果显示： ① 汪清县贫困农户家庭层次因素对家庭年纯收入的影响强于环境层次因素,但环境层次因素的影响作用亦不可忽视; ② 剔除环境层次因素的影响后,绝大多数家庭层次因素对贫困家庭年纯收入存在显著影响; ③ 环境层次因素能够在不同程度上解释家庭层次因素影响效应的差异性; ④ 环境层次因素的影响在不同区域的作用方向和强度上存在显著差异。最后从村域发展环境、医疗就业、区域内部贫困差异方面提出改善建议。 相似文献
14.
‘They are stealing my island’: Residents’ opinions on foreign investment in the residential tourism industry in Tamarin,Mauritius 
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下载免费PDF全文 Tessa Wortman Ronnie Donaldson Guus van Westen 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2016,37(2):139-157
The small nation of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, once a poor sugar plantation island, has successfully diversified and expanded its economy since independence, by attracting foreign investment in manufacturing and modern service industries. Tourism is a major part of the ‘Mauritian Miracle’; in recent years residential tourism—attracting wealthy foreigners to take up semi‐permanent residence—has become a growth industry transforming coastal areas like Tamarin. Based on in‐depth interviews among 17 residents of Tamarin, this paper looks at how local people perceive the changes residential tourism is causing in the local area. It appears that while the majority is positive about economic changes like more jobs and income opportunities, and to some extent about improvements in infrastructure and services, there are growing misgivings about some of the social impacts. Notably, the increasing scarcity of land and rising house prices are making it impossible for growing numbers of local people to afford a place to live, resulting in growing squatter settlements in the area. Such growing social disparities challenge the Mauritian development model and may undermine its stability. These undesirable effects call for careful management of tourism development, incorporation of sustainability standards and attention to the position of major stakeholder groups, such as local residents. 相似文献
15.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):271-277
The concentration of poor, service-dependent groups in aging central cities results both from suburbanization of the affluent and from the reliance of the service-dependent population upon place-specific human services provided by the public sector. Such concentration of services and their users in deteriorating inner-city sites may be functional for the larger society, but it has adverse impacts upon those who are service dependent. This paper argues that the implications of locational interdependence between such groups and their support services demand a paradigm for urban geography that centers upon the fundamental structure and impacts of population/service-provision linkages. 相似文献
16.
Resilience is an increasingly important concept within urban studies, economic geography, and evolutionary economics for measuring the capacity of city-regions to respond to economic shocks. In this article, we provide a sympathetic critique of the resilience metaphor in urban studies, which we explicate through an analysis of the recent history of the Vancouver economy. On the surface, Vancouver seemingly showed resilience when it overcame the abrupt decline of its resource-based economy in the 1980s, and established an alternative flourishing “new economy” by the 1990s. But over the last five years, the key local “creative” industries such as video game development and film production have suffered, with a number of large firms leaving Vancouver, and industry employment declining sharply. Drawing on more than 40 interviews conducted over a five-year period with members of the local video game community, our paper documents the rise and more recent decline of Vancouver’s “new economy” sector. Our research raises questions about the value of the resilience metaphor in urban studies and highlights the difficulties facing city-regions reliant on highly mobile “new economy” industries. 相似文献
17.
揭示水污染物排放的驱动因素及尺度效应是研究城市群演化环境效应的重要议题,也是实现城市群水污染物协同减排和水环境协同治理的重要前提。以长三角城市群的305个县域为例,选取化学需氧量（COD）和氨氮（NH3-N）两项特征污染物指标,在2011—2016年水污染物排放时空格局分析基础上,采用空间滞后模型（SLM）和空间误差模型（SEM）评估城市群水污染物排放的驱动因素,构建多尺度地理加权回归（MGWR）模型诊断驱动力的尺度效应及空间异质性。结果显示：常住人口规模、城镇化水平和经济发展水平对水污染物排放呈现全域层面的正向驱动,而工业化水平、社会固定资产投资、外商直接投资、地方财政分权程度以局部的微观作用为主;固定资产投资在杭嘉湖及沿海地区对COD和NH3-N排放均呈较强正向驱动,工业化水平在太湖流域及浙江全域对COD排放呈正向驱动;外商直接投资对NH3-N排放呈局部抑制作用,外资投入的“污染光环”效应在苏北、皖北、浙南等城市群边缘区较为突出;地方财政分权在城市群中心区对COD排放具有明显抑制作用,反映出地方环保意识提升和多层级环境规制强约束的积极影响。建议引导绿色生产生活方式以降低水污染物排放基数,在工业生产、资本投入和财政收支等领域嵌入环境倒逼机制,系统构建与水环境承载力相适应的城市群高质量发展格局。 相似文献
18.
转型期中国城镇居民住房类型分化及其影响因素——基于CGSS (2005) 的分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
转型时期我国城镇居民主要通过市场竞争机制和科层分配体制来获取个人住房,获取稀缺的住房资源的途径和机会的差异在一定程度上反映了住房不平等和社会分化。处于体制转型时期的中国城镇,制度、市场和家庭因素等多重因素相互交织,共同影响中国城镇居民住房选择。以覆盖全国88 个城镇的《中国综合社会调查(CGSS)》(2005 年城镇部分) 调查资料为基础,本文分析了转型背景下中国城镇居民住房类型分化及其影响因素,研究发现：改革 开放30 多年以来,中国城镇的住房自有率大幅度提高,其主要原因从1998 年前的公房房改政策向1998 年后住房市场化政策转变。家庭生命周期、家庭收入、户籍、单位性质、职业等变 量显著影响住房选择,体现市场与制度对住房资源分配的双重影响。经济发达地区由于住房资源紧缺、住房价格高,居民住房承受能力差异较大,工作单位性质、户籍和家庭生命周期变量对住房选择的影响更显著。随着住房市场化进一步发展和住房制度改革的逐步深入,地方政府应逐步放宽社会住房的享受标准,尤其是户籍限制条件;开发商应更关注社会经济快 速转型背景下的家庭结构变化及其对居住偏好的影响。 相似文献
19.
Mark P. Hampton 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2010,31(2):239-253
Cross‐border tourism is often proposed by governments as an incentive for economic growth, but critics have suggested that its impacts are, in fact, overplayed. This paper presents research in the Indonesia‐Malaysia‐Singapore Growth Triangle (IMS‐GT). It examines the broad economic impacts of Singaporean cross‐border tourism on local host communities in two locations: Kukup, a traditional Malaysian fishing village in Johor, southern Peninsular Malaysia, and Bintan in Riau Islands Province in western Indonesia. The study found that cross‐border tourism generated income, employment and some local economic linkages. In Kukup clear economic benefits with increased income and employment were unevenly distributed between ethnic groups. The Bintan enclave development had some linkages to the island economy but was reliant on immigrant labour. Cross‐border ethnic ties, particularly Chinese, also played an important role in the growth of tourism in the IMS‐GT. The paper shows that cross‐border tourism can be a useful addition to more conventional forms of international tourism within national tourism planning and could lead to significant economic benefits for local communities. 相似文献
20.
中国城市经济活力评价 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
城市经济活力是指一个城市经济发展中所具有的发展能力与潜力。以经济总量及其增长、企业及其收益、居民收入、财政与社会保障、外贸与外资、技术水平与教育及环境7个方面的若干指标为评价标准,运用因子分析法对全国重要的50个城市进行城市经济活力指数的定量研究。 相似文献