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1.
根据数值模拟的结果和中国区域环境分异与演化的地质记录,对2.6 Ma BP前后季风系统的调整进行了分析。结果发现,在2.6 Ma BP前后,亚洲季风明显增强,不仅冬季风明显增强,而且夏季风也明显增强;冬季风（东亚冬季风）在中国北方的盛行风向由偏西风转变为偏北风;冬季风（东亚冬季风）的影响范围明显扩大,由中国的西北、华北、东北地区逐步扩大到华中、华东与华南地区;由于受青藏高原的阻挡,热带西南季风对青藏高原北部及西北地区的直接影响大大减弱。这是青藏高原达到了一个重要的临界高度（可能是2000 m）所导致的亚洲季风系统调整的结果。
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2.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(14):1861-1876
Currently mechanisms for the onset of the widespread aeolian dust accumulation in the Chinese Loess Plateau since 8–7 Ma remain elusive. In this study, we compile 11 records of climate (14–7 Ma) and tectonic activity of the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent areas (15–6 Ma). The results suggest that strong tectonic activity in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau has produced massive debris and dust, which was deposited in the piedmont basins and reworked by weathering and fluviolacustrine erosion. At the same time, global cooling and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau over the period of 14–7 Ma intensified the East Asian winter monsoon and westerly winds (westerlies) while weakening the Asian summer monsoon, which led to the spread of dry land vegetation and aridification in interior China. Sediments in the piedmont basins were then exposed in the aridity and transported by the westerlies to the Chinese Loess Plateau and the North Pacific. We suggest that tectonic activity in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and shifting global climate together triggered the widespread aeolian dust accumulation in the Chinese Loess Plateau and the North Pacific since 8–7 Ma. 相似文献
3.
LATE CENOZOIC RAPID UPLIFT OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU AND FORMATION OF ASIAN MONSOON SYSTEM:EVIDENCE FROM PALEOMAGNETISM AND PALEOBIOLOGY OF RED BED-BOULDER CONGLOMERATE SEQUENCES ALONG THE NORTHERN TIBET PLATEAU 相似文献
4.
晚中新世以来亚洲季风阶段性演化的海陆记录 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文在综合对比晚新生代以来中国黄土高原黄土一红粘土沉积、西北太平洋粉尘沉积、南海有孔虫、阿拉伯海有孔虫记录的基础上,探讨了大约8Ma以来亚洲季风的阶段性演化历史。结果发现,黄土高原粉尘沉积在8Ma前后大规模出现,在3．5Ma前后大幅增加;印度季风在8Ma前后形成(或显著加强);南海ODP1146站位浮游有孔虫Neoglcboquadrina丰度也有两次明显增加,表明海水表面温度不断降低和海洋生产力的增加,指示东亚冬季风作用增强。北太平洋()DP885／886钻孔风成粉尘通量也有增加,指示亚洲内陆进一步的干旱化和冬季风作用的增强。印度洋沉积通量在11Ma前后开始增加。在9～8Ma时出现峰值,表明喜马拉雅山和青藏高原南部逐渐隆起。当隆起达到足够高度时,导致亚洲内陆干旱气候带扩大,同时提供大量粉尘并向东传输到中国北方和北太平洋地区。青藏高原北缘山前盆地的沉积记录显示,在3．6Ma时,高原北部的进一步快速隆升过程可能影响到整个高原,从而导致亚洲内陆更加干旱化,东亚季风增强,粉尘沉积加快,南海及印度洋陆源沉积作用加剧。 相似文献
5.
Since the mid-Pliocene, East Asian climates have experienced significant changes. One view suggests that significant uplift of the Tibetan Plateau during this period could have been responsible for these dramatic changes in the strength of the East Asian monsoon and for Asian interior aridification, while some other authors attribute these changes to the ongoing global cooling and rapid growth of the Arctic ice-sheet. Up to the present, which factor dominates the major changes of East Asian climate in the mid-Pliocene is still a contentious issue. This study presents an analysis of several climate proxies including grain-size, (CaO* + Na2O + MgO)/TiO2 ratio, Na/Ka ratio and dust accumulation rates of the Xifeng Red Clay sequence in the eastern Chinese Loess Plateau and the Xihe Pliocene loess-soil sequence in West Qinling. They reveal that aridity in the continental interior and winter monsoon circulation both intensified, whereas the East Asian summer monsoon showed a weakening rather than intensifying trend since the mid-Pliocene. These changes are also supported by the other multi-proxy records from various regions in East Asia. Previous numerical modeling studies have demonstrated that uplift of the Tibetan Plateau would have simultaneously enhanced continental-scale summer and winter monsoon strength as well as central Asian aridity. The mid-Pliocene climate changes in East Asia are therefore unlikely to be a response to Plateau uplift. On the contrary, our recent modeling results give support to the view that ongoing cooling could have intensified both the aridity of the interior and the strength of the winter monsoon, but weakened the summer monsoon in East Asia. 相似文献
6.
通过对临夏盆地黑林顶剖面晚新生代沉积物的岩石磁学研究, 揭示在11.8~8.6 Ma 磁化率波动较小, 基本保持相对稳定的低值(0.58~6.9/10-8 m3kg-1); 从8.6 Ma 开始受软磁性矿物控制明显持续增加(0.75~10.6/10-8 m3kg-1)。通过沉积物磁学性质与环境变化之间的模式分析, 结合盆地周围构造条件研究, 认为物源的变化可能是造成黑林顶剖面磁化率增强的主要原因。 相似文献
7.
青藏高原陆表特征与中国夏季降水的关系研究 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
利用青藏高原72个站逐日积雪、冻土观测资料,AVHRR归一化植被指数（NDVI）和全国550个站逐日降水资料,分析了青藏高原陆表特征与中国夏季降水的关系。结果表明,我国夏季降水在华北和东北南部,长江中下游和华南地区降水空间一致性较好,相邻站点间降水变化趋势近似。华南、长江中下游和淮河降水呈增加趋势,其中长江中下游每10年增加37 mm,但华北降水呈减少趋势。华南、长江中下游和华北对高原积雪、冻土和植被的变化均较为敏感,而淮河仅对高原植被变化较为敏感。利用高原积雪、冻土和植被建立了代表高原地表特征的变化序列,其对长江中下游、淮河、华北夏季降水均有较好指示意义,与夏季降水的相关系数由南到北表现为"负-正-负"的分布特征。最后,提出一种高原陆表状况影响中国夏季降水的概念模型：高原冬春积雪偏多（少）、冬季冻土偏厚（薄）、春季植被偏多（少）会使得夏季高原地区土壤湿度偏大（小）,高原地表感热偏弱（强）,从而使得南亚高压和西太副高偏弱（强）,南海季风偏弱（强）,长江流域降水偏多（少）,华南和华北地区降水偏少（多）。 相似文献
8.
Characteristics of Clay Minerals in the Northern South China Sea and Its Implications for Evolution of East Asian Monsoon since Miocene 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Clay mineral assemblages, crystallinity, chemistry, and micromorphology of clay particles in sediments from ODP Site 1146 in the northern South China Sea (SCS) were analyzed, and used to trace sediment sources and obtain proxy records of the past changes in the East Asian monsoon climate since the Miocene, based on a multi-approach, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). Clay minerals consist mainly of illite and smectite, with associated chlorite and kaolinite. The illite at ODP Site 1146 has very well-to-well crystallinity, and smectite has moderate-to-poor crystallinity. In SEM the smectite particles at ODP Site 1146 often appear cauliflower-like, a typical micromorphology of volcanic smecites. The smectite at ODP Site 1146 is relatively rich in Si element, but poor in Fe, very similar to the smectite from the West Philippine Sea. In contrast, the chemical composition of illite at ODP Site 1146 has no obvious differences from those of the Loess plateau, Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Pearl River. A further study on sediment source indicates that smectite originates mainly from Luzon, kaolinite from the Pearl River, and illite and chlorite from the Pearl River, Taiwan and/or the Yangtze River. The clay mineral assemblages at ODP Site 1146 were not only controlled by continental eathering regimes surrounding the SCS, but also by the changing strength of the transport processes. The ratios of (illite+chlorite)/smectite at ODP Site 1146 were adopted as proxies for the East Asian monsoon evolution. Relatively higher ratios reflect strongly intensified winter monsoon relative to summer monsoon, in contrast, lower ratios indicate a strengthened summer monsoon relative to winter monsoon. The consistent variation of this clay proxy from those of Loess plateau, eolian deposition in the North Pacific, planktonic, benthic foraminifera, and black carbon in the SCS since 20 Ma shows that three profound shifts of the East Asian winter monsoon intensity, and aridity in the Asian inland and the intensity of winter monsoon relative to summer monsoon, occurred at about 15 Ma, 8 Ma, and the younger at about 3 Ma. The phased uplift of the Himalaya-Tibetan plateau may have played a significant role in strengthening the Asian monsoon at 15 Ma, 8 Ma, and 3 Ma. 相似文献
9.
运用小波分析与传统谱分析技术相结合的手段,对甘肃省西峰的一套黄土-古土壤-红粘土记录过去6Ma夏季风气候代用指标的时间序列进行了周期谱演化分析,初步探讨了晚新生代以来黄土高原风尘记录所反映的周期演化特征.结果表明,轨道尺度的周期随时间演化,在北半球大冰期来临前后具有不同的响应特征.在3.1MaB.P.之前,主导周期以41000a和21000a为主,可视为对轨道要素变化的响应;3.1MaB.P.之后,0.1Ma的周期分阶段地趋于主导地位.其中,3.1MaB.P.,1.2MaB.P.和0.6MaB.P.准0.1Ma周期的出现可以同现有资料所反映的青藏高原加速隆升相对应,可能指示了气候演变中的构造影响.过去6Ma东亚夏季风记录中的准0.1Ma周期除与轨道要素变化的非线性响应有关外,很可能与青藏高原的阶段性隆升效应有关. 相似文献
10.
关于晚新生代准1.2Ma周期构造气候旋回 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
构造气候旋回的理论要点是构造作用驱动气候变化,因而不同于Milankovitch冰期气候旋回,但两者又都是受地球轨道要素控制的。本文主要根据青藏高原和黄土高原的晚新生代地质记录,以磁性地层为时间标尺,以黄道倾斜(ε)最大变幅位置为模式年龄,划分最近8Ma的准1.2Ma周期构造气候旋回的主旋回层,即MTC7、MTC6、MTC5、MTC4、MTC3、MTC2、MTC1、MTC0,它们的界线年龄分别为7.3、6.1、4.9、3.7、2.5、1.3和0.2MaBP。在此基础上,分析了青藏高原构造隆升和黄土高原风尘沉积各自显示的准1.2Ma周期的演变特征,表明它们之间具有构造驱动气候的因果关系。文中还探讨了最近7.3MaBP的古环境变迁,获得了有关晚新生代东亚季风形成演变和环境分异是在轨道气候旋回背景下受构造气候旋回控制的新认识。 相似文献
11.
青藏高原隆升作为新生代的重大地质事件对亚洲乃至全球气候环境变化产生了深远的影响,因而高原隆升的气候环境效应一直是备受关注的重要科学问题。在过去近半个世纪中,国内外学者利用气候数值模式开展了大量高原地形气候效应的数值模拟研究,这些研究结果极大地提升了对地形抬升影响气候的物理机制以及高原隆升对古气候演化驱动作用的认识。本文简要回顾了过去有关青藏高原隆升气候效应数值模拟研究的进展,并按照高原隆升模拟研究发展的3个阶段总结了目前取得的主要研究成果。从数值模拟结果看,新生代以来青藏高原在隆升、生长和北移过程中其动力和热力作用对东亚季风的形成、南亚季风的演化、内陆干旱化的发展以及亚洲季风-干旱环境格局的变迁都具有深远的影响。青藏高原及其周边不同区域地形隆升的气候效应不同,青藏高原隆升的气候效应与大陆漂移背景下海陆分布和古地理格局的变化密切相关。南亚热带季风的建立是由大陆漂移的位置和热带辐合带季节性移动共同决定的,而东亚季风的建立则主要取决于青藏高原的隆升和北移。亚洲副热带干旱区的存在取决于大陆的位置和行星尺度副热带高压的控制,而亚洲内陆中纬度干旱区的形成则是青藏高原隆升的结果。本文最后简要梳理了高原隆升气候效应数值模拟研究目前存在的问题和未来可能的改进。 相似文献
12.
中更新世全球最大冰期与中国沙漠扩张 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
位于青藏高原和西北干旱区交界带的沙沟黄土剖面, 详细记录了0.8 Ma BP以来东亚季风系统和沙漠演化的历史. L6黄土层中, 中值粒径和砂粒含量表明当时冬季风极端强盛, 沙漠大规模扩张, 其范围仅次于末次冰期最盛期. 在0.6～0.7 Ma BP以前(即深海氧同位素MIS16阶段), 北半球高纬度大陆冰盖大规模扩展, 全球冰量达到最大, 并且西伯利亚冰盖的扩展, 还使得西伯利亚高压增强; 同时, 青藏高原上也发育了最大规模的冰川, 从而强化了西风和东亚冬季风. 其结果造成了中国季风边缘区的沙漠扩张. 虽然全球冰量和青藏高原是影响沙漠演化的重要因素, 但在不同的时段其机制可能有所不同, 也不能忽略其它因素的影响. 相似文献
13.
Aiming at the current climate status, i.e., drastic rise of atmospheric greenhouse gases and the apparent trend of global warming, the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP), launched in 2013, proposed four scientific challenges, including the response of global climate to CO2 rise, the feedback of ice-sheet and sea-level to global warming, the dynamics of the mid- and low-latitude hydro-cycle, and the mechanism of the marine carbon-chemical buffering system. By August 2017, eight IODP expeditions of climate-related themes were implemented, focusing on the Neogene evolution of the monsoon system over Asia-Pacific-Indian and the West Pacific Warm Pool, with specific interests in the variabilities and mechanisms of the Asian Monsoon system on orbital-to millennial-scales, as well as the connections between Asian Monsoon and the uplift/weathering of the Tibetan Plateau on tectonic time scale. The planned IODP expeditions in the forthcoming two years will explore the Southern high-latitude climate histories of West Antarctic ice in the Cenozoic, and Southern Ocean currents and carbon cycle in the Cretaceous-Paleogene. In sum, during the current phase of IODP (2013-2023), our knowledge about the marine climate system would be greatly advanced via deciphering the past changes in tropical processes of Asian Monsoon and West Pacific Warm Pool, as well as in high-latitude factors of the West Antarctic ice. A better scientific background of natural variability would be provided, accordingly, for predicting the future tendency in climate change. In this context, China’s strategic directions include the global monsoon concept, the tropical forcing hypothesis, and in particular the climate effect of the Sunda Shelf. 相似文献
14.
EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE-ENERGY DISTRIBUTION AND MELTING-FREEZING PROCESSES ON SEASONAL SHIFT IN TIBETAN PLATEAUtheNational(G19980 4 0 80 0 )andCAS’sKeyProjectforBasicResearchonTibetanPlateau (KZ951 A1 2 0 4 ;;KZ951 A1 4 0 2 ;;KZ951 B1 2 相似文献
15.
QI Lin QIAO Yansong LI Yuehui WANG Yan PENG Shash HE Zexin YANG Shuaibin HAN Chao ZHANG Xujiao 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(3):1095-1108
In the East Asian monsoon region,eolian deposits widely distributed in the middle-lower reaches of the Yantgze River are among the best materials available for studies on Quaternary climate change in the subtropical zone of Southern China.Typical eolian deposits in this region include upper Xiashu Loess(XL) and underlying Vermiculated Red Soil(VRS) layers.In this paper,chronological and paleoclimatic studies are conducted on an eolian deposit sequence near Jiujiang(JJ) city in northern Jiangxi province.A magnetostratigraphic study,combined with optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) dating,is conducted on the JJ section and provides further evidence that eolian deposits in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River have been formed since the late Early Pleistocene,and that the boundary age between the XL and VRS layers is about 300-400 kaBP.In grain-size records of the JJ section,the median grain-size and content of the 30 μm size fraction increase sharply after 300-400 kaBP,representing an East Asian winter monsoon intensification event.Further pollen analysis reveals differing pollen assemblages before and after 300-400 kaBP:there is an evident increase in plants adapted to grow in a warm humid environment after 300-400 kaBP,implying an increase in precipitation caused by intensification of the East Asian summer monsoon.Global ice volume and uplift of the Tibet Plateau(TP) are regarded as crucial factors influencing variations of the East Asian monsoon on a long-term scale.The deep-sea δ~(18)O record,which reflects variations in global ice volume,shows no obvious change after 300-400 kaBP.Moreover,the influence of global ice volume changes on the East Asian summer and winter monsoons is inverse;the global ice volume increase(decrease) implies a strengthened(weakened) winter monsoon and weakened(strengthened) summer monsoon.We therefore interpret the coupled intensifications of the East Asian summer and winter monsoons at about 300-400 kaBP to the uplift of the TP in the Middle Pleistocene.This climate event is also documented in eolian deposits from the southern margin of the Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP) and from the desert-loess transitional belt.However,it is not recorded in the loess-paleosol sequences from the central part of the CLP,thereby indicating differing climate responses to TP uplift in different regions,which requires further study. 相似文献
16.
柴达木盆地大浪滩梁 ZK02孔的磁性地层及其古环境研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对柴达木盆地西部大浪滩盐湖梁-ZK02孔岩芯进行详细的磁性地层研究,确定钻孔岩芯的B—M界线位于315m,Jaramillo位于405～430m,Olduvai位于772～816m。在磁性年代学框架基础上,以蒸发岩沉积序列作为主要依据,结合碎屑岩变化以及孢粉分析,认为该地区在第四纪发生过三次较大的沉积环境变化,分别发生在2.5～2.2Ma,1.2～0.7Ma与0.4Ma。青藏高原第四纪的隆升是造成上述三次变化的主要原因,其中早更新世末—中更新世早期的隆升对柴达木盆地的气候影响较大,导致柴达木盆地的气候由温凉湿润转换为寒冷干旱。高原隆升引起的气候干旱并非简单的逐渐加剧,而是早更新世末期以来,气候湿润期表现得更为湿润,这种现象可能由高原隆升增加了夏季风的强度导致,冰川和积雪面积的增大也起到了叠加效应。 相似文献
17.
南海北部中新世以来粘土矿物特征及东亚古季风记录 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 和X射线能谱(EDS) 分析技术对南海北部ODP1146站中新世以来(~20 Ma) 粘土矿物的组成、结晶学特征、微形貌和化学成分进行了研究, 分析了粘土矿物的物质来源及其记录的东亚季风演化历史.1146站粘土矿物组合的总体特点是以伊利石和蒙脱石为主, 高岭石和绿泥石含量较低.物源分析表明, 1146站蒙脱石主要来自于吕宋岛, 伊利石和绿泥石来自于珠江和台湾(长江), 而高岭石则主要来自于珠江.1146站的粘土矿物不仅被南海周围物源的同时代气候所控制, 而且为相互消长的不同传输作用(表层洋流) 的强度所影响.1146站(伊利石+绿泥石) /蒙脱石比值可以用来作为东亚季风演化的矿物学标志.指标变化显示出东亚冬季风强度和冬季风相对夏季风的强度在15 Ma、8 Ma和3 Ma左右发生了3次显著加强, 结果可以与黄土、北太平洋风尘沉积、南海微体古生物记录等很好对比.青藏高原的阶段性隆升可能促进了东亚季风的这3次加强. 相似文献
18.
自新生代以来 ,在亚洲东部大陆边缘的裂谷系和青藏高原内部及周边地区 ,火山活动频繁发生 ,形成大量火山和火山岩 ,在一些火山区还发育有大小不等、形态不一的玛珥湖 ,其中有的积水 ,有的干枯 ,它们集中分布于雷琼、东北、青藏高原等地区 ,跨越了热带、亚热带、温带和高寒地带。从中新世的山东山旺盆地 ,早更新世东北龙岗地区的龙湾 ,到雷琼地区中晚更新世的田洋、湖光岩等 ,几乎各个时代、各种类型的玛珥和玛珥湖都有 ,玛珥湖中的沉积物从几十米到一二百米厚度不等 ,记录了不同地区、不同时段气候环境演变的历史 ,对全球变化研究有着重要意义。 相似文献
19.
A 650-m-thick sequence of fluvio-lacustrine sediments from the Yuanmou Basin in southwest China was analyzed at 20-cm intervals for grain-size distribution to provide a high-resolution terrestrial record of Indian summer monsoon variations during the Pliocene. The concentrations of the clay and clay-plus-fine-silt fractions are inferred to reflect the water-level status of the lake basin related to the intensity of the Indian summer monsoon and high concentrations reflect high lake levels resulting from the intensified summer monsoon. The frequency of individual lacustrine mud beds is considered to reveal the frequency of the lakes developed in the basin associated with the variability of the Indian summer monsoon and an increased frequency of the lakes reveals an increased variability of the summer monsoon. The proxy data indicate that the Indian summer monsoon experienced two major shifts at 3.57 and 2.78 Ma and two secondary shifts at 3.09 and 2.39 Ma during the Pliocene. The summer monsoon displayed a general trend of gradual intensification during the period of 3.57–2.78 Ma, coeval with an accelerated uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, implying a close link between the monsoon intensification and the plateau uplift. At 2.78 Ma, the summer monsoon was markedly weakened, synchronous with the formation of extensive Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, denoting a quick response of the monsoon regime to the Northern Hemisphere glaciation. The variability of the summer monsoon decreased at 3.09 Ma and increased at 2.39 Ma, presumably suggesting that variations of the Indian monsoon would be modulated by the initiation and periodic fluctuations of ice-sheet covers in Northern Hemisphere high latitudes. 相似文献
20.
粒度和磁化率是两个研究黄土古气候最常用的古环境变化指示参数,它们随着黄土古土壤地层变化而出现峰和谷的对应已经被证明是反映了天文轨道要素的周期变化。文章试图忽略这些受控于轨道要素的气候周期变化,而主要侧重考察黄土地层这两个参数的平均值(或背景值)所反映的长期变化趋势。对兰州九州台黄土进行了系统采样和测量,发现兰州九州台黄土剖面粒度和磁化率曲线显示出两个明显的趋势,粒度从剖面底部向上有明显逐渐变粗趋势,指示着冬季风增强,与此同时,磁化率自下而上却逐渐增大,指示着夏季风增强的趋势。与黄土高原其他黄土剖面磁化率和粒度曲线对比发现,这是两个普遍存在的趋势。地理位置靠近青藏高原的剖面,这两个增大的趋势更明显。冬、夏季风同时逐渐增强是海陆热力差异增大所引起,反映了青藏高原第四纪时期的逐渐不断的隆升过程。因此,根据粒度和磁化率曲线变化趋势线的变化特点可以帮助分析和反推第四纪以来青藏高原隆升的过程。兰州九州台以及黄土高原各剖面粒度和磁化率曲线的线性变化趋势则可能指示着第四纪以来青藏高原是逐渐均匀缓慢的变化过程。我们对22Ma以来风积地层记录的变化趋势也做了分析。前人过去普遍认识的第四纪以来跳跃式或间歇式剧烈隆升在我们的数据中没有得到反映。黄土高原西部西宁、兰州、靖远等剖面磁化率显著的增长趋势可能与青藏高原隆升到一定高度后高原季风加强所致。 相似文献