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地理信息系统在海岸海洋地貌研究中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
随着现代海洋观测技术的发展,通过海岸海洋地貌调查获得的数据急剧增长。运用地理信息系统(GIS)将不同学科、不同来源、不同格式的数据进行集成管理、分析和表达已成为当前海岸海洋地貌研究的重点。系统介绍了GIS技术在海岸海洋地貌研究中新的方法体系,包括数据获取、数据处理、数据分析和数据表达四个部分,重点研究了GIS空间技术、海底地形建模和用三维可视化技术解译海洋地学,探索陆海交互作用中隐含信息的方法,并将其应用到沿海城市规划、海港选址、大陆架岛礁地貌环境研究的具体实例中,研究范围从陆到海涵盖整个海陆交互作用带,为海岸海洋社会发展、经济建设及外交权益提供科学基础和决策支持。通过上述方法体系与应用研究说明,以GIS为核心建立的多源地理空间信息平台使传统海岸海洋地貌研究的范围、内容及方法都发生了重大变化,但多源数据信息的精确解译和成功应用必须同时具有空间信息学和地貌学专家知识。 相似文献
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针对目前"数字海底"建设中存在海底调查数据集成管理与三维可视化表达不足等问题,本文采用GIS技术,以黄河水下三角洲埕北海域为研究对象,利用地理空间数据集成理论与三维建模方法,建立了埕北海域三维海底空间数据库,实现了研究区域地形数据、地层数据、钻孔数据、表层沉积物数据的有效组织管理与可视化,并在此基础上,采用ArcGIS Engine 10.0,结合.NET平台,在Visual Studio 2010开发环境下,利用C#语言进行了二次开发,实现了基于C/S (Client/Server)架构的三维海底虚拟仿真系统的开发,设计了一套面向埕北海域的三维海底虚拟仿真原型系统。 相似文献
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以长海县1993年和2005年Landsat-TM数据为基础,运用遥感软件ENVI,经噪音剔除、主成分变换、彩色合成、分类处理、差值运算提取出长山列岛新增建设用地,生成新增建设用地矢量数据,结合GIS软件MapInfo,经过投影转换、叠加分析、缓冲区分析、空间信息统计,分析新增建设用地的空间分布及影响机制,结果表明:长海县的建设用地在1993-2005年不同程度地增加,人口及经济发展是建设用地增加的主要促进因子;交通干线对新增加的建设用地具有空间吸引效应;新增建设用地有向港口等基础设施集中的特征;新增建设用地空间分布受到已有产业功能分区的影响。研究表明,RS&GIS支持下,利用TM数据分析海岛建设用地变化具有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
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基于过程的海洋地理信息系统研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
地理信息系统(GIS)作为对蕴涵空间位置信息的数据进行采集、存储、管理、分发、分析、显示和应用的支撑技术,日益显示其对海洋研究的重要性.但传统的GIS主要以静态方式完成对地理空间“状态”的描述、操作和分析,而海洋永远处于不断变化中,需要处理的是海洋动态现象.要完整地表达和分析海洋动态现象的特征与变化规律,必须使地理信息系统具备对海洋动态过程的管理、处理和分析能力,亦即海洋地理信息系统(MGIS)需要将“过程”纳入其研究范围.为此,以过程处理为核心,发展海洋地理信息系统对时空信息处理的能力,充分利用多维信息可视化和组件化技术,开发了三层体系结构的大吞吐量开放式的海洋地理信息系统Maxplore.简要介绍了系统开发的关键技术与特色模块,包括海洋用户需求分析、MGIS的定位与总体设计、多源数据管理、栅格数据处理、海洋形态特征分析、多维时空动态、综合分析环境和海洋模型集成平台. 相似文献
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港口集装箱物流在国民经济发展中的作用日苴凸显,许多国家对此进行了深入研究,但多未涉及到物流过程的自然规律。受到近年来应用广泛的遗传算法、神经网络和水电比拟等方法的启示,注意到港口集装箱物流与自然界的流体运动具有相似性,故可采用流体力学方法来模拟港口集装箱物流的运动过程,以揭示港口集装箱物流的内在运动规律,找到物流过程中的敏感环节,最终达到优化物流过程的目的。对利用流体力学对港口集装箱物流进行模拟的研究方法进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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Survey and Geographic Information System (GIS) data analysis describes the relative influence of biophysical and human variables on site choices made by marine farmers in New Zealand. Community conflicts have grown in importance in determining farm location and different government planning strategies leave distinct signature patterns. Recent legislation empowers local governments to choose among three strategies for future regional aquaculture development. This paper suggests each strategy could result in different spatial outcomes. Simulation modelling of the type described here can provide a better understanding of farmer responses to management approaches and the range of futures that could result from planning choices made today. 相似文献
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我国港口企业发展现代物流探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
现代物流是现阶段港口企业在结构调整中的一个主流发展方向,从港口在当前状况下发展现代物流的战略意义、我国港口企业推动现代物流发展的优势、港口企业发展现代物流所采取的具体形式3个方面,对我国港口发展现代物流的重要性和策略进行了论述. 相似文献
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青岛国际航运中心构想 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
当今世界海洋运输特别是集装箱运输迅猛发展,急需海港同步发展。青岛具有优良港口资源和地理区位优势及广阔丰富的经济腹地,可持续发展为国际航运中心。 相似文献
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Key elements and steps in the process of developing ecosystem-based marine spatial planning 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Marine spatial planning (MSP) is an essential tool for delivering an Ecosystem Approach and should add value to existing management measures for the marine environment. It should be based on a clear set of principles with a sustainable development purpose. Developing MSP can draw selectively on extensive experiences in terrestrial land use planning. A nested approach with appropriate planning activity at different spatial scales is recommended. Defining appropriate management units is important and particular effort will be required where these do not align with ecosystem boundaries. The timeframe for plans is tending to increase from around 10 to 20+ years, but review periods are required which enable a balance between stability and relevance. This article focuses on the key steps in the planning process of developing ecosystem-based MSP. The importance of setting specific objectives, including as a context for the full range of relevant spatial data, and determining priorities is emphasised. It is also suggested that stakeholder engagement, including the way it is undertaken, is critical to different stages of the process. 相似文献
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Supaporn Anuchiracheeva Harvey Demaine Ganesh P. Shivakoti Kenneth Ruddle 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2003,46(11-12):1049-1068
Although local knowledge is a crucial source of information for fishery development, its generally unsystematic presentation and nebulous content makes use by policy makers or managers difficult. Based on field data obtained using Participatory Rural Appraisal at Bang Saphan Bay, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand, we attempt to show here how local knowledge can be effectively systematized, analyzed and displayed visually using a Geographical Information System (GIS) for use in fisheries management. PRA data on location fished, time of fishing, techniques and technology used and species targeted were obtained from local fishers then mapped using Arcview (3.1). In this way local fisheries knowledge can be converted into geo-spatial data form via GIS, and the succinct results used easily to guide fishery management and planning, especially by offering directions for rights-based fisheries and co-management. 相似文献
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《Oceanologica Acta》1999,22(6):699-703
Marine scientists often assess habitats to understand the distribution and relative abundance of marine resources. Due to the spatial nature of habitats and associated temporal changes, however, assimilating data using traditional analytical methods is often difficult. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are proving to be effective tools to help address problems inherent in the analysis of spatial data, GIS can be used to effectively collate, archive, display, analyze, and model spatial and temporal data. Additionally, by combining dissimilar data types, such as socio-political boundaries, bottom types, and fish distributions, for example, resource managers can use GIS to make informed management decisions. In this way, GIS provides resource managers with a means to integrate scientific data with prevailing cultural values and traditions. We have developed a working GIS for the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary that allows interpretation of many terrestrial and marine data sets, including inter-tidal monitoring data, permit locations, seabird strandings, fisheries catch data, habitat types, marine political boundaries, as well as land cover classification from satellite imagery, watersheds, streams, roads, and political boundaries. We have linked terrestrial and marine data to create a broad spatial and temporal database that will be used in a variety of ways such as evaluating natural processes, permitting and monitoring coastal development and assessing environmental impacts (e.g. oil spills). 相似文献
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地理信息系统是一门空间数据管理科学和智能化高新技术,它是由地理学、地图学、计算机科学、遥感技术、数学等相互作用相互交叉而形成的,有向数据自动化处理研究、数据结构研究、空间关系理论研究、人工智能和专家系统研究发展的趋势。在海洋地质中,地理信息系统目前主要应用于海底地形地貌模拟、海洋地质资料科学管理与共享、海洋地质资料处理等。随着全球尺度海洋学研究的进一步开展及海洋地理信息系统的产生,地理信息系统在海洋地质中的应用前景良好。 相似文献