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1.
Flash flood mitigation as a positive consequence of anthropogenic forcing on the groundwater resource in a karst catchment 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Hervé Jourde A. Lafare N. Mazzilli G. Belaud L. Neppel N. Dörfliger F. Cernesson 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(2):573-583
The Mediterranean coastal region is prone to high-intensity rainfall events that are frequently associated with devastating flash floods. This paper discusses the role of a karst aquifer system in the flash floods of a Mediterranean river, the Lez river. Most of the Lez river watershed is located on karst terrains where interactions between surface water and groundwater take place. During extreme rainfall events, the presence of fractures and well-developed karst features in carbonate terrains enhances the infiltration processes and involves the concentration of the recharge into highly organized and permeable flow paths. The groundwater, therefore, quickly moves towards the natural outlets of the karst system. The influence of the Lez karst aquifer system on the associated river floods dynamics is analysed while considering the spatially distributed rainfall, as well as the time series of the groundwater level within the aquifer and of the Lez river discharge measured at various gauging stations. Special attention is given to the relative importance of the surface and underground processes involved in flash flood genesis. It is shown that the karst groundwater contributes to flash floods under certain conditions, while high-rate pumping within the karst aquifer, which generates significant drawdown, may mitigate flash floods under other conditions. 相似文献
2.
大兴迭隆起隐伏岩溶水资源评价及开采方案预测 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
大兴迭隆起地区隐伏岩溶地下水是北京市的重要水源,为保障水源地能持续为大兴、通州地区提供优质的城镇生活用水,需对研究区岩溶地下水进行水资源评价和开采规划预测分析。利用数值模拟法,应用GMS模拟软件对研究区岩溶水系统进行地下水流数值模拟及水位变化预测。建立的岩溶水系统模型分为5层,模拟验证期为12年9个月。由模型评价的岩溶水系统补给资源量为14 425.74×10^4m3/a,可开采资源量为14 310.52×10^4m3/a,其中岩溶含水层可开采量为2 309.36×10^4m3/a。在模型识别验证后,分4种开采方案对水源地进行开采预测,通过对典型观测孔水位过程线拟合和研究区水均衡分析可知,按2020年之前维持现状开采,2020年后停采念坛水源地,2025年后全区按可开采量进行开采的开采方案最为合理,可分批逐次实现水源地的采补平衡。 相似文献
3.
埋藏型岩溶地下水源地的三维数值模拟——以天津市宁河北岩溶地下水源地为例 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
根据宁河北岩溶地下水源地已有的水文地质勘查成果和大型抽水试验资料,对研究区水文地质条件进行概化,建立地下水流三维非稳定流数学模型并进行数值计算,对开采性抽水试验的地下水位变化过程进行模拟。结果表明,该模型可以刻画埋藏型水源地地下水流场的变化过程,用它对规划的水源地三种开采方案的开采动态进行预测计算也取得了良好的效果。模拟计算中将开采条件下浅层第四系含水层对深层奥陶系灰岩含水层的越流补给处理为边界条件,可以刻画埋藏型水源地在开采条件下获得的补给增量。 相似文献
4.
《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(11):2063-2081
This paper deals with chemical and isotope analyses of 21 springs, which were monitored 3 times in the course of 2001; the monitoring program was focused on the groundwater of the Gran Sasso carbonate karst aquifer (Central Italy), typical of the mountainous Mediterranean area.Based on the hydrogeological setting of the study area, 6 groups of springs with different groundwater circulation patterns were distinguished. The hydrogeochemistry of their main components provided additional information about groundwater flowpaths, confirming the proposed classification. The spatial distribution of their ion concentrations validated the assumptions underlying the hydrogeological conceptual model, showing diverging groundwater flowpaths from the core to the boundaries of the aquifer. Geochemical modelling and saturation index computation elucidated water–carbonate rock interaction, contribution by alluvial aquifers at the karst aquifer boundaries, as well as impacts of human activities.The analysis of 18O/16O and 2H/H values and their spatial distribution in the aquifer substantiated the hydrogeology-based classification of 6 groups of springs, making it possible to trace back groundwater recharge areas based on mean isotope elevations; the latter were calculated by using two rain monitoring stations. 87Sr/86Sr analyses showed seasonal changes in many springs: in winter–spring, the changes are due to inflow of new recharge water, infiltrating into younger rocks and thus increasing 87Sr/86Sr values; in summer–autumn, when there is no recharge and spring discharge declines, changes are due to base flow groundwater circulating in more ancient rocks, with a subsequent drop in 87Sr/86Sr values.The results of this study stress the contribution that spatio-temporal isotope monitoring can give to the definition of groundwater flowpaths and hydrodynamics in fissured and karst aquifers, taking into account their hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical setting. 相似文献
5.
在分析区域地质、水文地质条件及水化学同位素的基础上,研究了山西娘子关泉域岩溶水的SO42-、硫同位素分布特征。研究表明:（1）泉域西北、西南地区岩溶水的SO42-主要来源于石膏的溶解;（2）泉域中部汇流区岩溶水的SO42-含量高而δ34S值低,其中的SO42-主要来源于煤系矿坑水,这是因为温河、桃河及南川河沿岸的岩溶水接受了被矿坑水污染的河水的渗漏补给以及部分地区受到钻孔串层污染;（3）娘子关泉群中城西泉水中的SO42-主要来源于煤系矿坑水,而五龙泉和集泉站水中的SO42-主要来源于石膏的溶解;（4）泉域东北部及东部河流沿岸以外的地区,岩溶水中的SO42-主要来源于大气降水、石膏溶解,并受到所处地层岩性的影响。 相似文献
6.
Numerical simulation of karst groundwater system for discharge prediction and protection design of spring in Fangshan District,Beijing 
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下载免费PDF全文 As the rapid growth of population and social economy, the situation of water resources shortage in Beijing city becomes more and more serious. Karst groundwater in Beijing has great potential for development. The reasonable exploitation of karst groundwater can enhance the water-supply stability of Beijing city. Firstly, the distribution of springs has been investigated in Fangshan, Beijing, and the characteristics of these springs have also been analyzed. Secondly, the hydrogeological conceptual model has been built, based on this, the groundwater flow numerical simulation model was established, and the parameter identification and validation of the model were performed under groundwater level and spring discharge. The results shows that the simulated values of groundwater level and spring discharge are very close to measured values, and the model can be used for groundwater resources evaluation and spring discharge prediction. Finally, a reasonable exploitation design has been developed with three exploitation scenarios considering the spring discharge protection; meanwhile, the quantity of groundwater resources was evaluated in the karst aquifer. The simulation results indicate that different exploitation yields have a significant impact on spring discharge; and the effective measures should be taken to protect the spring discharge 相似文献
7.
以大兴迭隆起地区隐伏岩溶含水系统为研究对象,通过对地质、水文地质条件、地下水开发利用现状的分析论述,从水均衡的角度利用反算法开展资源计算评价,评价结果显示基岩岩溶水处于严重超采状态,并进一步结合岩溶水补径排条件分析了按照目前开采状况将可能引起的环境问题,从可持续利用角度提出大兴迭隆起岩溶地下水的保护措施。 相似文献
8.
优化技术在娘子关泉域岩溶地下水开采资源量评价与管理中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国北方岩溶地下水，多数是以泉域水资源系统为单元进行循环的，各岩溶地下水系统以规模大、系统结构复杂为典型特征。在岩溶地下水开发利用过程中，如何兼顾各开采水源地的开采量、井采与泉水流量问等关系，以避免出现水文地质环境问题，是多年来水文地质界一直关注的问题。本文将水资源系统与供水系统相结合，采用优化技术建立了娘子关泉域岩溶地下水评价管理模型，以此为基础提出了多种开发方案，为类似地区的地下水评价与开发管理提供范例。 相似文献
9.
昆明吴家营岩溶水系统边界的水文地球化学分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
西南岩溶水系统边界条件复杂,其中水头隔水边界在水动力条件改变的情况下具有不稳定的隔水特性。文章以昆明吴家营岩溶地下水系统为例,通过水化学组分动态序列图解法、数理统计法及水文地球化学模拟等方法对研究区边界特性进行了研究。研究结果表明该岩溶水系统水动力条件丰水季优于枯水季,并存在与边界外发生水力联系的越流通道;丰水季时岩溶槽谷区地下水在高水力梯度的驱动下向下绕过玄武岩隔水层,通过下部阳新灰岩对系统内岩溶水进行越流补给,枯水季受深部滞流阻水影响,越流补给现象不明显;由此得出此类水头边界的隔水特性会随水动力条件的改变而具有动态响应特征。研究成果对当地岩溶水资源量的评价和合理开发利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
10.
利用文献计量学方法分析2011-2018年国内外岩溶水文地质学领域研究的动态特征。通过Web of Science（WoS）核心合集数据库,以“Karst hydrogeology”、“Karst groundwater”、“Karst aquifer”、“Karst underground river”、“Karst subterranean stream”、“Karst underground stream”、“Karst spring”“Karst geothermal water”、“Karst thermal groundwater”或“Karst water landscape”为主题词,检索得到1 460篇论文,通过中国知网（CNKI）收录的EI、核心期刊和CSSCI数据库,以“岩溶水文地质”、“岩溶地下水”、“岩溶含水层”、“喀斯特水文地质”、“喀斯特地下水”、“喀斯特含水层”、“地下河”、“岩溶泉水”、“岩溶地热水”、“喀斯特泉水”、“喀斯特地热水”、“岩溶水景观”或“喀斯特水景观”为主题词,检索得到918篇论文。基于WoS和CNKI自带功能及CiteSpace软件分析国家、机构、发文量及期刊等情况,结果表明:中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所充分发挥了其在国内的机构职能和专业优势,中国有待进一步加强其在国际上的地域优势及其活跃度;由基于CiteSpace平台的关键词共现图谱发现国际岩溶水文地质学领域研究的热点问题包括“岩溶水动力学”、“岩溶地下水数值模拟”、“岩溶水文地球化学”和“岩溶水污染”,而国内岩溶水文地质学领域研究的热点问题范围更广,包括“岩溶含水系统”、“岩溶水资源”、“岩溶水环境”和“岩溶水文工程”。 相似文献
11.
丰沛平原区地下水开采利用现状及潜在水源地分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过总结丰沛平原区水文地质条件和特征,对该区地下水开采利用现状及潜在水源地进行分析,计算了华栖隆起区岩溶水可利用资源量,探讨裂隙岩溶水利用的可行性。研究表明: 丰沛平原区地下水主采层位为中上更新统孔隙含水层和新近系—下更新统孔隙含水层,已形成丰县城关—孙楼—常店和沛县—龙固2个大型超采漏斗区,总面积超过750 km2,引发了大面积地面沉降; 华栖隆起区为裂隙岩溶水的富水地段,总可采资源量为667.51万m3/a,可作为潜在水源地进一步开展地下水勘查评价工作; 裂隙岩溶水过量开采可能引发地面沉降、岩溶地面塌陷等地质灾害,后期应对裂隙岩溶水开采情况进行长期监测,合理开发利用水资源。华栖隆起区岩溶水距离城区近,水量大,水质好,开发难度小,具有可观的经济价值。 相似文献
12.
为研究岩溶大泉动态变化的影响机制,以济南泉域为例,根据2003年关闭地下水供水水源地以来趵突泉及黑虎泉的泉水位、泉域内降水量、地下水开采及人工补源资料,采用分形理论中时间序列分形维数法,计算各要素数据序列分维值及稳定性指数,结果表明:旬尺度下泉水位分维值大于月尺度下泉水位分维值;奥陶系灰岩分布区雨量站降水量分维值较小,但奥陶系灰岩降水入渗补给条件好,因此与泉群的水位波动关系更为密切。各泉水位影响因素中,人工补源因素的稳定性最差,极易受外界因素干扰发生改变。利用灰色关联度验证分析表明降水量、人工开采量、人工补源量与趵突泉泉水位的关联度分别为0. 858、0. 647、0. 667,与黑虎泉泉水位的关联度分别为0. 859、0. 646、0. 668;关联度总体排序为:降水量>人工补源量>人工开采量,说明2003年以来影响泉水位动态的首要因素是大气降水并非人工开采,即泉水动态主控因素发生转变。在分析了泉域资源量的演化基础上,对各影响因素的分维值与泉水位动态分维值进行回归分析认为,为保持泉水持续喷涌奥陶系灰岩分布区更适宜作为泉水人工补源地带。研究结果为济南岩溶大泉的保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
13.
Sustainable yield of a karst aquifer system: a case study of Jinan springs in northern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the long-term monitoring data of rainfall, groundwater levels, groundwater abstraction, spring flow rates and groundwater quality, an assessment has been undertaken of the sustainable yield of a karst aquifer system in Shandong Province, northern China, to maintain perennial outflow of the karst springs while meeting water demands. One of the fundamental indicators for sustainable yield of groundwater is identified as maximum allowable water-level drawdown. A regional three-dimensional finite-difference numerical model has been developed to optimize the schemes associated with well fields and their locations and sustainable yields, in the Jinan spring catchment and its adjacent karst groundwater catchments, with the aim of maintaining the water level higher than the allowable lowest water level of 27.5?m above sea level. Furthermore, measures necessary to move towards sustainable use of the karst groundwater are outlined, drawing on contingency plans of water-source replacement and artificial recharge, dual water supply (based in water quality), use of the spring waters themselves, and groundwater quality protection. 相似文献
14.
通过总结丰沛平原区水文地质条件和特征,对该区地下水开采利用现状及潜在水源地进行分析,计算了华栖隆起区岩溶水可利用资源量,探讨裂隙岩溶水利用的可行性。研究表明: 丰沛平原区地下水主采层位为中上更新统孔隙含水层和新近系—下更新统孔隙含水层,已形成丰县城关—孙楼—常店和沛县—龙固2个大型超采漏斗区,总面积超过750 km2,引发了大面积地面沉降; 华栖隆起区为裂隙岩溶水的富水地段,总可采资源量为667.51万m3/a,可作为潜在水源地进一步开展地下水勘查评价工作; 裂隙岩溶水过量开采可能引发地面沉降、岩溶地面塌陷等地质灾害,后期应对裂隙岩溶水开采情况进行长期监测,合理开发利用水资源。华栖隆起区岩溶水距离城区近,水量大,水质好,开发难度小,具有可观的经济价值。 相似文献
15.
山东淄博沣水泉域岩溶水系统模拟及水源地优化开采预测 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
沣水泉域岩溶水系统是淄博市及周边地区最主要的供水水源,因原有大武水源地水质严重污染,急需开辟新的水源地,故须重新开展泉域岩溶水资源评价和开采规划工作。文章在充分概化研究区水文地质概念模型的基础上,借助FeFlow软件,建立了基于等效连续介质的三维非均质各向异性岩溶水模型,并利用2016年水位动态数据对模型进行识别和验证。经模型计算可知,在2000-2015年,研究区岩溶地下水日均补给量为104.47万m3/d,排泄量为80.27万m3/d,正均衡24.20万m3/d。对原大武水源地与新增刘征水源地优化开采方案预测的结果表明,最优开采方案为:（1）保持大武水源地现状35.91万m3/d开采条件下,刘征水源地最大开采量为5.5万m3/d,刘征 -大武富水地段最大可开采量为41.41万m3/d;（2）满足刘征 -大武富水地段最大开采条件,大武水源地最大可减采至33.41万m3/d,刘征最大开采量为8万m3/d。 相似文献
16.
以广州都会地区水文地质调查、钻孔、抽水试验、水质分析结果等资料为基础,通过对资料进行整理、统计、分析,完成了研究区地下水类型的划分,基本查明都会地区岩溶含水岩组的分布、埋深、岩溶发育特征、富水性、水化学性质和补径排分区等。并按照地层时代对各岩溶含水岩组进行划分和论述。 相似文献
17.
Based on discussion about the features of karst groundwater resources distribution of karst water system in Heilongdong Springs and causes of spring groups cutoff and according to current karst groundwater resources and exploitation distribution conditions of coal resources, this paper put forward the measures for protecting groundwater resources, i.e. intensifying plugging of underground coal mine gushing water points, grouting in advance to reinforce the small faults and weak lower confining bed of coal seam and leave sufficient waterproof coal pillars based on adjustment of the water sources for centralized water supply and water supplying and draining and countermeasures of improving use ratio of mine water and replacement of direct exploitation to realize resuming flow of spring groups and sustainable development of groundwater resources and exploitation of coal resources 相似文献
18.
娘子关泉域群泉是中国北方最大的岩溶泉,泉域汇水面积达7 436 km2,前人认为:泉域内岩溶水由北、西、南3面向娘子关一带径流汇集,由于娘子关一带下奥陶系燧石团块或条带白云岩相对隔水层隆起,并被桃河侵蚀出露,使岩溶地下水溢出地表成泉群,其主要含水层为中奥陶系含石膏碳酸盐岩。但各泉的水化学、同位素特征有差异,娘子关泉群并不是出自统一源。文章通过水化学、同位素、水文地质剖面等方法研究得出: 娘子关泉域存在两个含水层、三个子系统:中奥陶系灰岩含水层和中上寒武系白云岩含水层;西部奥陶系岩溶水系统、东部奥陶系岩溶水系统和东部中上寒武系岩溶水系统。泉域内城西泉与程家泉出露于中奥陶系下马家沟组泥灰岩之上,含水层为中奥陶系灰岩裂隙、溶隙水,由于区域下马家沟组泥灰岩隆起隔水出露地表成泉,属于东部奥陶系岩溶水系统;坡底泉、五龙泉、河北泉、水帘洞泉、苇泽关泉其补给主要来源于中上寒武系含水岩组,为承压上升泉,属于东部中上寒武系岩溶水系统。 相似文献
19.
Status of the Korba groundwater resources (Tunisia): observations and three-dimensional modelling of seawater intrusion 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Korba aquifer is located in the east of the Cape Bon peninsula in Tunisia. A large groundwater depression has been created in the central part of the aquifer since the 1980s, due to intense groundwater pumping for irrigation. The data collected show that the situation continues to deteriorate. Consequently, seawater is continuing to invade a large part of the aquifer. To better understand the situation and try to forecast its evolution, a three-dimensional (3D) transient density-dependent groundwater model has been developed. The model building process was difficult because of data required on groundwater discharge from thousands of unmonitored private wells. To circumvent that difficulty, indirect exhaustive information including remote sensing data and the physical parameters of the aquifer have been used in a multi-linear regression framework. The resulting 3D model shows that the aquifer is over-exploited. It also shows that after 50 years of exploitation, the time needed to turn back to the natural situation would be about 150 years if the authorities would ban all exploitation now. Such an asymmetry in the time scales required to contaminate or remediate an aquifer is an important characteristic of coastal aquifers that must be taken into account in their management. 相似文献
20.
昆明翠湖九龙池泉群断流原因及恢复措施 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
九龙池岩溶水系统分布于昆明盆地北部,岩溶含水层由蛇山裸露岩溶山区延伸至盆地底部松散土层覆盖区,在翠湖一带因上覆松散盖层薄,下游存在碎屑岩地层阻水,使地下水位壅高呈股状溢出地表,形成九龙池泉群。九龙池泉群是翠湖的源泉,也是滇池水源之一。九龙池泉群的断流,反映出滇池水环境的急剧变化。通过20世纪60年代以来地下水观测资料的分析研究,结合钻井开采地下水、工程开挖疏排地下水、地下水补给山区石漠化演化等对比评价,得出不合理的人类开发建设活动是导致九龙池泉群断流的主要原因。封停开采井、人防工程封闭止水、调水入滇池等直接或间接的措施,已经取得了明显的效果,使泉群周围地区地下水位呈现持续上升的态势。 相似文献