共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
J. A. Sanchidrián P. Segarra F. Ouchterlony L. M. López 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2009,42(1):95-116
Summary Size distributions of fragments of crushed rock in conveyor belts and of blasted rock in a muckpile obtained by sieving are
compared with the size distributions obtained by digital image analysis of photographs of the same materials taken on-site.
Several calculation methods are tested, based on the raw distribution of fragment areas and on the volume-transformed ones.
The influence of the calibration of the system on the results and the performance of the system in a non-calibrated mode are
evaluated. The capacity of some distributions (Rosin-Rammler, Swebrec and lognormal) to fit the data in the coarse region
(where particles can be delineated, i.e. discriminated individually) and to extrapolate to the non-delineated fines (where
particles cannot be outlined and their contour delineated) is assessed. The error between the sizes measured and the sizes
of the reference distributions (determined by sieving) increases from the coarse to the fines region. The maximum error at
a given size depends primarily on its value relative to the fines cut-off (FCO) of the image analysis. In general, at sizes
greater than the FCO, where the system is able to delineate fragments reliably, both volume and surface-based, calibrated,
calculations can determine the sizes with maximum error expectancy of about 30%. Below the FCO, only the calibrated, volume
calculation maintains a maximum error of 30%, down to sizes of about one fourth the FCO, rapidly increasing for smaller sizes.
Where the calibration is done based on data above the FCO, errors can be large below this point, in excess of 80% at sizes
half the FCO. In the fines range (sizes smaller than 0.2 times the FCO) the maximum errors can be close to or greater than
100% for most of the calculations and function fittings. Of the distributions tested, all of them are acceptable at sizes
above the FCO; below that, the Swebrec function seems to adapt better towards the fines than the Rosin-Rammler and lognormal.
Correspondence: José A. Sanchidrián, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S.I. Minas, Rios Rosas 21, 28003 Madrid, Spain 相似文献
2.
John-Paul Latham John Kemeny Norbert Maerz Michael Noy Jacques Schleifer Simon Tose 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2003,7(2):105-132
Four image analysis systems for measuring rock fragmentation: FragScan, PowerSieve®, Split and WipFrag, have been compared under conditions necessary to provide an objective though limited assessment of their capabilities. The analysis of results is based on a sample of ten photographs taken from a series of photographs of controlled artificial muckpiles. These were created from dumping a blended mixture of sieved samples of limestone aggregate, in order to create a range of near perfect Rosin-Rammler sieve size distributions. Results from the various systems are compared with sieved results using both histogram and cumulative forms, with and without fines corrections in the case of Split and Wipfrag. Statistical indicators are evaluated to examine the match between system prediction values and sieving values. Commentaries on the results by the inventors of each system have been incorporated. All four systems were found to perform both well in some cases and poorly in others. From a detailed examination of the results, some insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the various systems is presented. 相似文献
3.
Mostafa Badroddin Ezzeddin Bakhtavar Hasan Khoshrou Bahram Rezaei 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(9):3319-3329
The paper proposes a standardized image-processing procedure with the use of sieve analysis results for calibration which is utilized to measure the size distribution of fragmentation at Sungun mine. Through this procedure, a number of 19 bench blasting in various levels have been initially selected as the target of the study for each, multiple photos were taken immediately after blast from suitable perspectives and locations of the muckpiles surfaces. The number of image sampling was chosen adequately high to achieve further reliability of the whole photography procedure. Then fragments of each muckpile were separately mixed by a loader, where another image sampling from these new muckpiles, bucket of loaders, and haulage trucks was performed. For the purpose of sieve analysis, seven sieves with the mesh sizes between 1.27 cm (0.5 in) and 25.4 cm (10 in) were designed, manufactured, and then installed at Sungun semi-industrial laboratory. Additionally, three mass samples of the mixed fragments were randomly chosen among the 19 muckpiles for sieving. During image analysis stage, “sieve shift” and “mass power” factors, required to obtain standardized size distribution, were precisely assigned when the results obtained by the image analysis software was in accordance with the sieving results. In order to validate the reliability of the image processing, a comparative analysis of the achieved results was made with the results of the original Kuz–Ram model [Cunningham (1983) The Kuz–Ram model for prediction of fragmentation from blasting. In: Proceedings of the first international symposium on rock fragmentation by blasting, Lulea, Sweden, pp 439–454]. Finally, the image-processing procedure was found to be more efficient, with results close-matched to the real results of the sieve analysis. 相似文献
4.
D. Thornton S. S. Kanchibotla I. Brunton 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2002,6(2):169-188
Most blast fragmentation models assume the rock mass properties. explosive properties and blast design variables to be constants and uniformly distributed within a blast. However, in reality all these input variables vary within a blast resulting in variation in the resulting fragmentation size distribution. A stochastic modelling approach is introduced in this paper to quantify this variation. This technique takes the input variables as statistical distributions rather than constants and through several thousand iterations, generates a statistical representation of the expected fragmentation resulting from a poduction blast. A case study of three production blasts from a large open pit mine are presented and the modelled fragmentation 'envelope' shows good agreement with the fragmentation 'envelope' estimated from Split image analysis. The various blast-related parameters influence different parts of the fragmentation distribution, e.g., rock strength and explosive velocity of detonation have most impact on the fines. The technique is used to identify the parameters that have the greatest influence on various size fractions. Such an analysis will be useful to direct resources to efficiently minimise the variation. 相似文献
5.
Victor Abioye Akinbinu 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2016,34(3):877-887
Tests to determine the complete stress–strain curve of rocks indicate whether the rocks can be classified a Class I or Class II. Class II rocks exhibits the potential for self-sustained failure in the post-peak region. The purpose of the research described in this paper was to investigate whether or not this self-sustained failure characteristic is related to the fragmentation of the rock. The aim of the research was, therefore, to determine possible relationships between fragmentation and various properties of several rocks types, including the influence of the Class II characteristic. Fragmentation of rock depends on its self-sustaining failure behaviour and the energy available in the post-peak region to shatter the rock. The correlation of static and dynamic rock properties with size of fragments resulting from compression tests demonstrate clear relationships of Class II rocks, but the same cannot be said for Class I rocks. Analyses of test results show that fragmentation increases with an increase in rock strength, and is explosive for Class II rocks. Probability density distributions were constructed to show the overall comparison of fragment sizes produced during failure of Class II and Class rocks. The calculated probability of passing at X50 and X10 sieve sizes show that Class II rocks as a group are more finely fragmented. It can therefore be concluded that, when breaking rocks under the same steady loading conditions, Class II rocks will show greater fragmentation than Class I rocks. 相似文献
6.
砂土颗粒级配是影响砂土工程性质的重要参数之一,传统的颗分试验方法由于试验原理不同而具有不同的适用范
围。为更加方便、准确地获取砂土颗粒级配,提出了一种基于数字图像处理技术来获取SEM照片中的砂颗粒粒径参数及级
配特征的新方法。将准备好的砂土样品打磨成薄片放在扫描电镜下拍照,然后利用Photoshop软件对照片进行拼接,并采用
自主研发的SMAS数字图像分析系统对拼接好的照片进行定量分析处理,获取样品的微观结构参数,将获得的“土颗粒等
效直径”和“土颗粒面积”分别等效为实际土颗粒粒径和土颗粒质量,进而换算得到砂土的颗粒级配曲线;然后将通过数
字图像技术获得的砂土颗粒级配曲线与通过传统筛分法和激光粒度分析法得到的颗粒级配曲线进行对比,验证了提出的数
字图像处理方法的有效性和可靠性,同时分析了两种方法之间存在的差异及其原因,并对数字图像处理方法和传统颗分方
法各自的优缺点进行了讨论。 相似文献
7.
8.
砂土颗粒级配是影响砂土工程性质的重要参数之一，传统的颗分试验方法由于试验原理不同而具有不同的适用范
围。为更加方便、准确地获取砂土颗粒级配，提出了一种基于数字图像处理技术来获取SEM照片中的砂颗粒粒径参数及级
配特征的新方法。将准备好的砂土样品打磨成薄片放在扫描电镜下拍照，然后利用Photoshop软件对照片进行拼接，并采用
自主研发的SMAS数字图像分析系统对拼接好的照片进行定量分析处理，获取样品的微观结构参数，将获得的“土颗粒等
效直径”和“土颗粒面积”分别等效为实际土颗粒粒径和土颗粒质量，进而换算得到砂土的颗粒级配曲线；然后将通过数
字图像技术获得的砂土颗粒级配曲线与通过传统筛分法和激光粒度分析法得到的颗粒级配曲线进行对比，验证了提出的数
字图像处理方法的有效性和可靠性，同时分析了两种方法之间存在的差异及其原因，并对数字图像处理方法和传统颗分方
法各自的优缺点进行了讨论。 相似文献
9.
动态图像法应用于海滩沉积物粒度粒形测试及其与筛析法的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
筛析法是海滩沉积物粒度分析较经典和常用的方法。随着科学技术的发展,利用动态图像法分析沉积物粒度逐渐得到推广。本文利用动态图形法和筛析法对海南岛5个海滩剖面20组沉积物样品进行粒度粒形测试,并将两种方法所测得的粒度进行比较。测试分析结果显示,该方法的测试结果重复性好,精度高;通过与筛析法的对比显示,动态图像法与筛析法的测试结果非常接近,粒度级配曲线基本一致,各个粒度参数值很接近且相关性非常好（R2>0.94）;由动态图像法得出的粒形参数可以看出,粒径相当的不同海滩沉积物粒形参数有很大差别,同一海滩不同部位的球形度和宽长比变化很大,对称度和凹凸度变化稍小。研究表明,动态图像法与筛析法之间的粒度分析差异主要来自于两者测量原理的不同和天然海滩砂颗粒形状的不规则;动态图像法解决了不规则沉积物粒度的测量。因此,动态图像法可以替代筛析法来测量沉积物粒度,应用前景广阔。 相似文献
10.
The influence of air deck blasting on blast performance and blast economics and its feasibility has been studied in the production blasting of soft and medium strength sandstone overburden rocks in an open pit coal mine in India. The air deck blasting technique was very effective in soft and medium strength rocks. Its main effects resulted in reducing fines, in producing more uniform fragmentation and in improving blast economics. The fines were reduced by 60–70% in homogeneous sandstones. Oversize boulders were reduced by 80% and shovel loading efficiency was improved by 20–40% in blocky sandstones. The explosive cost was reduced by 10–35% dependent on the type of rock mass. Throw, backbreak and ground vibration were reduced by 10–35%, 50–80% and 30–94% respectively. For a particular rock mass and blast design environment, air deck length (ADL) significantly influenced the fragmentation. ADL as represented by air deck factor (ADF) in the range of 0.10–0.35 times the original charge length (OCL) produced optimum results. ADF beyond 0.35 resulted in poor fragmentation and in inadequate burden movement. 相似文献
11.
The purpose of blasting operations is rock fragmentation. Blasting is a key component in the overall rock fragmentation system
- the first element of the ore extraction process. It provides appropriate rock material granulation or size that is suitable
for loading and transportation. However, in spite of many advantages explosives have, their usage may cause environmental
problem such as seismic vibration. One of the solutions to this particular problem may be application of an artificial screen
as a barrier to the seismic wave path. The results of experimental research on the artificial screen concept, its characteristics
and role in attenuation of seismic effects generated by blasting are presented. The experiment is based on two physical phenomena:
(1) the size and degree of discontinuity and (2) the reflection and refraction of seismic waves. More than 1,500 laboratory
measurements were conducted with different combinations of screen sizes, positions of the screen to blasting source, and intensities
of blasting impulses. The results of the study show reduction of generated vibrations up to 58% by employment of artificial
screens. 相似文献
12.
Grain size is a fundamental property of sediments and is commonly used to describe sedimentary facies and classify sedimentary environments. Among the various conventional techniques utilized to determine grain‐size frequency distributions, sieving is the most widely applied procedure. The accuracy of such analyses is, among other factors, strongly dependent on the sieving time. However, despite a substantial amount of research in this field, optimal sieving times for different types of sediments have, to date, not been established. In this article, the influence of sieving time on grain‐size analyses of medium‐grained microtidal and mesotidal beach and dune sands has been determined. To assess the precision of important textural parameters, such as median grain size, sorting, skewness and kurtosis, an error analysis was carried out for different sieving times (2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes). After calibrating the analytical and sampling methodologies, significant deviations were registered when sieving time was less than 10 minutes. However, such deviations were very small and grain‐size distributions remained almost identical for sieving times of 10 minutes and longer, relative errors being as low as 0% in some cases. 相似文献
13.
在煤层气开发过程中,煤粉聚集及沉降会堵塞煤层气运移通道及导致卡泵、埋泵等事故。为了查明不同粒度煤粉的聚集及沉降特征,选取粒度>140目（<106 μm）、>70~140目（106~<212 μm）和>50~70目（212~<300 μm）3种粒度范围的煤粉,开展了在去离子水中煤粉的聚集及沉降实验,从煤粉聚集及沉降特征观察、悬浮液中煤粉含量及煤粉粒度分布探究不同粒度煤粉在去离子水悬浮液中的聚集及沉降特征。结果表明,随着静置时间的增加,各粒度煤粉悬浮液的颜色均不同程度地变浅,逐渐出现分层,其中,粒度>140目的煤粉悬浮液最先出现分层。煤粉粒度越小,煤粉悬浮液顶部漂浮的煤粉量越多;煤粉粒度越大,其下沉到煤粉悬浮液底部的煤粉量越多。不同粒度煤粉悬浮溶液中煤粉含量均随着静置时间的增加呈现不同程度的降低,在停止搅拌后3 min内,煤粉含量下降最快,粒度为>70~140目的煤粉悬浮液中煤粉含量最大。根据不同粒度煤粉悬浮液中煤粉粒度分布曲线,将煤粉聚集及沉降过程分为3个阶段:单峰变双峰阶段（煤粉快速上浮及沉降）、双峰变单峰阶段（煤粉快速聚集及沉降）和单峰阶段（煤粉缓慢沉降）。粒度>140目的煤粉在悬浮液中最先达到缓慢沉降阶段,粒度>70~140目的煤粉在悬浮液中最后到达缓慢沉降阶段。从煤粉的受力、扩展的DLVO理论及煤粉的有机分子结构方面探讨了煤粉聚集沉降的机理:煤样含有大量的脂肪烃和芳香烃等疏水性基团,疏水性强,润湿性低;随着煤粉粒度的减小,其比表面积显著增大,煤粉表面吸附大量空气,形成气膜;同时,煤粉颗粒间相互吸附聚集,内部形成很多微孔隙,导致粒度小的煤粉易聚集漂浮在悬浮液面上。实验得到的不同粒度煤粉的上浮、下沉及悬浮情况,为后期煤层气开发中煤粉管控措施提供依据。 相似文献
14.
G. Venkatesan V. Rajagopalan 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(4):1123-1130
Liners are commonly used in engineered waste disposal landfill to minimize the potential contamination of the aquatic environment. The adsorption behavior of Cu(II) from aqueous solution onto clay admixed with various mix ratios of quarry fines was investigated. The amount of Cu(II) adsorption increases with increase in contact time. The copper removal efficiencies of the composite mixture gradually decrease from 94.53 % (raw clay) to 85.59 % (20 % of quarry fines with clay), and appreciable decrease in percent removal 75.61 % was found with 25 % of quarry fines with clay. The kinetic adsorption data were analyzed by pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Bhattacharya–Venkobachar and Natarajan–Khalaf kinetic models to classify adsorption process mechanisms. Kinetic experimental data were good agreement with pseudo-second-order kinetic model with the degree of fitness of the data (R 2) 0.9999 for the adsorption of Cu(II). The results revealed that quarry fines can be used with optimum of 20 % replacement of natural clay for removal of Cu(II) as a liner material in landfills. 相似文献
15.
Eugie Kabwe 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(1):157-167
Air gap in an explosive column has long been applied in open-pit blasting as a way of reducing explosive charge, vibration, fly rock and improve fragment size. In conventional blasting a greater amount of explosive energy is lost in the generation of oversize fragments. Oversize fragments reduces loading and hauling efficiencies of equipment which requires secondary blasting. Recurring oscillation of shock waves in the air gap increases the time over which it acts on the adjacent rock mass by factor of 2–5. Top air deck blasting technique trial conducted with an application of gas bags at Chimiwungo pit resulted in an improved fragmentation of about 94 % less than 950 mm. Results obtained from the analysis of muckpile images using split-desktop exhibited that the mean fragment size was 264.81 mm and F20, F80 and top-size were 41.99, 683.18 and 1454.69 mm respectively. Optimum crusher feed size was as large as 1200 mm and crushed down to the 40 mm and only a small percent of the material was above 1200 mm. Gas bag application resulted in a significant reduction in explosives load in production holes without loss in fragmentation or movement of the collar zone. This reduced total cost of charging as compared to conventional blasts with a variance of $20, powder factor was dropped to an average of 0.86 kg/bcm. The technique reduced the cost of bulk blend explosive by 15 %, reduced overall cost of charging per hole by 12 %, enhanced premature ejections. The overall blast results were satisfactory, 443,624 tonnes of blasted material from the block which represented 90 % of the total muckpile material was within 900 mm size. The overall muckpile blasted was well fragmented. 相似文献
16.
激光粒度仪测试结果及其与沉降法、筛析法的比较 总被引：33，自引：5，他引：33
分析了Cilas 940L激光粒度仪的测试结果,并与沉降法、筛析法进行了比较。激光粒度仪测试结果的重复性较好,测量精度较高。对于玻璃珠样品,激光粒度仪和筛析法测试结果十分接近,对于天然沉积物,激光粒度仪测定的平均粒径偏粗,分选偏差。和沉降法相比,激光粒度仪测定的粘土组份 (<8%)的含量为沉降法的 46.7%～ 70.5 %,平均为 6 0 %,测定的平均粒径较沉降法偏粗,分选偏差。造成激光粒度仪与沉降法、筛析法之间差异的原因主要在于这些测试方法原理的不同和天然沉积物不规则的形状。 相似文献
17.
联用筛析法与激光法进行粒度接序分析的界点选择 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
筛析法、激光法和图像法是三种常用的粒度分析方法,但由于测试原理的不同,三种测试方法有不同的适用性。筛析法和图像法能够精确测量砂质颗粒的粒径,但不适用于泥质细颗粒（<0.063 mm）的粒径测量;相反,激光法无法准确测量中粗砂粒级颗粒（2~0.21 mm）,但能高精度测量较细沉积物粒径。分选较差的天然沉积物粒径分布范围较广,需要综合运用筛析法-激光法进行接序粒度测试。通常选用2 mm为界点开展接序粒度分析,但因激光法在测量中粗砂颗粒时误差较大,易导致接序粒度分析结果准确性不高。建议以0.21 mm为分界点开展接序粒度分析,分别避开筛析法和激光法测量精度不高的粒级区间,可使测试结果的准确性得到有效的提高。 相似文献
18.
Hyon-Sohk Ohm Andhika Sahadewa Roman D. Hryciw Dimitrios Zekkos Nicholas Brant 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(6):1647-1652
A rapid, clean, low-energy, image-based method for determining the grain size distribution of soils by image analysis has been developed. The method is called Sediment Imaging or “Sedimaging”. It develops the grain size distribution for particles in the range between a U.S. Standard Sieve No. 10 (2.0 mm openings) and U.S. Standard Sieve No. 200 (0.075 mm openings) range. The system utilizes a high resolution Nikon D7000 digital single lens reflex camera and image processing software developed specifically for interpreting the images and producing the resulting grain size distribution. The Sedimaging system is more sustainable and environmentally friendly than traditional sieving by virtue of its far lower power needs, less water consumption, longer equipment life and less maintenance. From the environmental and health perspectives, Sedimaging is less noisy, generates no vibrations and produces no airborne particulates. Sedimaging is also significantly faster than sieving and produces thousands of data points compared to typically 8 by sieving; it also automatically computes grain size distribution metrics such as the coefficients of uniformity and gradation. 相似文献
19.
Essaïeb Hamdi Najla Bouden Romdhane Jean du Mouza Jean Michel Le Cleac’h 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(2):133-146
The theoretical explosive energy used in blasting is a common issue in many recent research works (Spathis 1999; Sanchidrian 2003). It is currently admitted that the theoretical available energy of the explosives is split into several parts during a blast:
seismic, kinetic, backbreaks, heave, heat and fragmentation energies. Concerning this last one, the energy devoted to the
breakage and to the creation of blocks within the muckpile can be separated from the microcracking energy which is devoted
to developing new and/or extending existing micro cracks within the blocks (Hamdi et al. 2001; López et al. 2002). In order to investigate these two types of energy, a first and important task is to precisely study the main parameters
characterising the two constitutive elements of the rock mass (rock matrix and discontinuity system). This should provide
useful guidelines for the choice of the blasting parameters (type of explosive, blasting pattern, etc.), in order to finally
control the comminution process. Within the frame of the EU LESS FINES research project, devoted to the control of fines production,
the methodology was developed in order to: (1) characterize the in situ rock mass, by evaluating the density, anisotropy,
interconnectivity and fractal dimension of the discontinuity system and (2) evaluate fragmentation (both micro and macro)
energy spent during the blasting operation. The methodology was applied to three production blasts performed in the Klinthagen
quarry (Sweden) allowing to estimate the part of the fragmentation energy devoted to the formation of muck pile blocks on
one side and to the muckpile blocks microcracking on the other side. 相似文献
20.
Rock avalanches are a form of hazardous long-runout landslide and leave fragmented deposits of complex sedimentology that, if studied in detail, can provide insight into their emplacement processes. Complexity arises due to the myriad overlapping factors known to contribute to the final deposit fabric, such as source structures, lithology (i.e. material properties), topographic feedback, substrate interaction and emplacement processes (i.e. internal factors), as well as our reliance on (un)suitable exposures. Herein, we present sedimentological data from two carbonate rock avalanche deposits (Tschirgant in Austria and Flims in Switzerland), where changes in lithology can be eliminated from the causal equation due to their largely mono-mineralic composition. We further eliminated the effects of external influences such as topography or substrate interactions by detailed facies mapping of the deposit interior. Since sedimentary properties locally vary within less than 1-m2 outcrop area, emplacement processes are the only causes that remain to explain the different fabrics. Characteristic (fractal) grain size distributions of three distinctive sub-facies in the interior of these, and other, rock avalanche deposits—jigsaw-fractured, fragmented, and shear zone facies—can be linked to specific processes acting during emplacement. We suggest that a heterogeneously distributed and progressively increasing particle breakage in the moving granular mass best explains the ranges of fractal dimensions and associated features for the respective sub-facies, from simple breakage along pre-existing planes, through dynamic fragmentation which locally minimises coordination number, to zones of shear concentration. No exotic emplacement mechanisms (such as air-layer lubrication or fluidised substrates) are required to produce these features; continued, heterogeneous degrees of fragmentation of an initially intact source rock best explains the sedimentary record of rock avalanches. 相似文献