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1.
本文综述了目前国内外有关海水中二甲基硫（ＤＭＳ）的测定方法及其来源的研究,指出了ＤＭＳＰ是海洋生物降解产生ＤＭＳ的主要来源。 相似文献
2.
寿命较短的Ｏ·－２不能用ＥＳＲ直接检测到,可以ＤＭＰＯ先将其捕获形成自旋加合物后进行ＥＳＲ分析。这种自旋加合物的ＥＳＲ谱线较为复杂,且有变化。本文对ＤＭＰＯ—ＯＯＨ谱线的变化进行了分析。且对谱线变化中出现的ＤＭＰＯ—ＯＨ谱线的来源进行了深入探讨,对与文献报道相左的现象,据实验结果本文提出了新的观点。 相似文献
3.
影响海水中二甲基硫分布的生物因素 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
二甲基硫(ＤＭＳ)是海水中有机硫化物的重要组成部分,也是参与硫的生物地球化学循环的重要物质,其海空通量约为０．６×１０１２～１．６×１０１２ｍｏｌ／ａ,占海洋中硫释放量的５５%～８０%。对ＤＭＳ在海水中的浓度及分布进行分析,是评价其在全球硫循环中所起作用的重要基础。为此,国际上已有不少学者对ＤＭＳ的来源、分布、海空通量进行了较系统的研究工作。由于充分认识到ＤＭＳ在全球海洋痕量气体的排放中占有举足轻重的地位,并对全球气候变化和酸雨的形成产生重大影响,有关ＤＭＳ的浓度与分布、通量与循环的研究已成为当今国际… 相似文献
4.
DMS──海洋科学研究的一个新领域 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
气候变化是关系到人类生存与发展的全球性重大环境问题，世界各国对此都予以高度重视并投入大量的人力、物力和财力从各个方面进行观测和研究。业已得知，云的凝结核（ＣＣＮ）决定着云的形成和太阳辐射的漫散射系数，进而影响着地球表面的温度和气候变化。硫酸盐气溶胶是最重要的ＣＣＮ之一，它的主要来源是二甲基硫（ＤＭＳ）［１～４，６］。ＤＭＳ是由生物活动产生并输入大气的，它占大气生物性Ｓ来源的１／２左右，是最重要的挥发性Ｓ［１］．ＤＭＳ在大气中的含量不仅关系到太阳辐射和温室效应，它的氧化产物（如二氧化硫、甲基磺酸、… 相似文献
5.
按照Ｇａｉａ理论,浮游植物可能是阻止地球气候达到极限的生物地球化学反馈圈中的主要成分。１９８７年,Ｃｈａｒｓｌｏｎ等提出从浮游植物释放到大洋表层水的二甲硫（ＤＭＳ）是海洋对流层中硫酸盐气溶胶和云凝聚中心的主要来源。因此,由于强日射和高温时期的ＤＭＳ产量提高,ＤＭＳ的释放提供了潜在的全球气候调节机制。硫酸盐气溶胶是仅次于温室气体对大气辐射产生影响的第二个最大的调节机制。尤其在北半球,人为的硫化合物强烈地影响了气溶胶水平,但是ＤＭＳ是开放大洋气溶胶颗粒的主要天然发生器。海洋气溶胶通过直接散布和吸收辐射以及… 相似文献
6.
二甲基硫的海洋化学研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
二甲基硫（ＤＭＳ） 是海洋排放到大气中的最主要的生源硫化物。作者综述了ＤＭＳ在海洋中的分布特征、影响ＤＭＳ转化的因素、ＤＭＳ的海空扩散及其对环境的影响等。ＤＭＳ在海洋中存在很大程度的时空变化,这一变化不仅与海洋初级生产力水平有关,而且还与浮游植物的种类组成密切相关。微生物的降解、光化学的氧化以及海空扩散是ＤＭＳ在海洋中迁移变化的三个最重要的途径。ＤＭＳ的海－ 空扩散也存在较大的时空变化。ＤＭＳ的释放会对全球的气候变化和酸雨的形成产生重要的影响。本文同时就国内外的研究现状和今后的研究方向进行了分析和总结。 相似文献
7.
顶空气相色谱法测定海水二甲基硫和浮游植物细胞二甲基硫丙酸的研究 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
建立了顶空ＧＣ／ＦＰＤ测定海水中二甲基硫（ＤＭＳ）和浮游植物细胞中二甲基硫丙酸（ＤＭＳＰ）的方法，并研究盐度、温度、气液相比ＤＭＳ诸因素对ＤＭＳ顶空灵敏度的影响。该法对ＤＭＳ测定的相对标准偏差均小于６％，平均回收率为１０６％，最低检出限为２０ｎｇ／Ｌ。细胞ＤＭＳＰ先经碱作用转化为ＤＭＳ，在５０℃下作用时间不少于６ｈ，峰高与浓度的双对数线性相关系数大于０．９９。对１９９４年冬、１９９５年夏采自胶州湾 相似文献
8.
实验研究海藻体中二甲基硫基丙酸酯（Ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｓｕｌｆｏｎｉｕｍｐｒｏｐｉｏｎａｔｅ,ＤＭＳＰ）的简单测定方法。改进顶空进样方法灵敏度低的缺点,采用碱解和萃取吸收同时进行气相色谱火焰光度检测法测定不同种类的底栖藻中所含的ＤＭＳＰ。并以此测定不同季节胶州湾部分地区近岸表层水体浮游藻所含的ＤＭＳＰ,同时还测定水体中的磷酸盐浓度。结果表明在底栖藻中ＤＭＳＰ含量随季节呈现一定的规律性变化,不同藻体内ＤＭＳＰ含量相差可达两个数量级,而单位水体微藻中的ＤＭ－ＳＰ亦随季节呈现一定的规律性变化 相似文献
9.
二甲基硫光化学氧化反应的动力学研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
实验研究水溶液中二甲基硫（ＤＭＳ）的光化学氧化反应的动力学。结果表明，在入射光频率与强度一定条件下，ＤＭＳ进行光化学氧化反应的速率会受到介质、ｐＨ、重金属离子的影响。Ｈｇ２＋能显著加快人工海水介质中ＤＭＳ的光氧化速率。ＤＭＳ进行光氧化的一级速率常数为４．４６×１０－５～３０．４×１０－５ｓ－１，其在光照下的人工海水介质中的半寿期为３．６ｈ。这说明光化学过程对于影响和控制ＤＭＳ在海洋中的浓度和分布起着十分重要的作用 相似文献
10.
３种常见的海洋浮游藻类－－扁藻、杜氏藻和牟氏角刺藻作为实验材料,采用正交方法设计实验条件,研究盐度、和光强的变化对藻类细胞内二甲基硫丙酸（ＤＭＳＰ）含量的影响。结果表明,３种藻类细胞ＤＭＳＰ含量相差很大。扁藻ＤＭＳＰ含量最高,其次为杜氏藻,牟氏角刺藻呈最低,种间差别的影响明显高于环境条件的变化对藻ＤＭＳＰ含量的影响。３种环境因陬对藻细胞ＤＭＳＰ含量的影响效果不同,盐度变化引起藻细胞ＤＭＳＰ含量的变 相似文献
11.
β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)是一种在海洋中普遍存在的重要生源有机硫化物,其降解产物二甲基硫(DMS)挥发到大气中会形成云凝结核,进而对大气温度产生负反馈效应。DMSP主要由浮游植物和部分细菌生物合成,在浮游食物链和微食物环中进行传递和转化,并进一步通过食物网进入更高营养级。浮游生物是驱动全球碳、硫循环的关键环节,在DMSP生物地球化学循环中的作用越来越受到人们的重视。本文针对DMSP的来源、归宿及在浮游食物链中的传递和转移等方面进行综述,介绍了浮游食物链和微食物环在DMSP传递、转化中的作用。DMSP在海洋食物链中仍有不少传递和降解途径为研究空白,今后应针对目前的研究不足深入开展DMSP的产生、传递和转化机制研究,进一步完善DMSP的生物地球化学循环机制。 相似文献
12.
New and important roles for DMSP in marine microbial communities 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The algal osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is recognised as the major precursor of marine dimethylsulfide (DMS), a volatile sulfur compound that affects atmospheric chemistry and global climate. Recent studies, using 35S-DMSP tracer techniques, suggest that DMSP may play additional very important roles in the microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of the surface ocean. DMSP may serve as an intracellular osmolyte in bacteria that take up phytoplankton-derived DMSP from seawater. In addition, DMSP appears to support from 1 to 13% of the bacterial carbon demand in surface waters, making it one of the most significant single substrates for bacterioplankton so far identified. Furthermore, the sulfur from DMSP is efficiently incorporated into bacterial proteins (mostly into methionine) and DMSP appears to be a major source of sulfur for marine bacterioplankton. Assimilatory metabolism of DMSP is via methanethiol (MeSH) that is produced by a demethylation/demethiolation pathway which dominates DMSP degradation in situ. Based on the linkage between assimilatory metabolism of DMSP and bacterial growth, we offer a hypothesis whereby DMSP availability to bacteria controls the production of DMS by the competing DMSP lyase pathway. Also linked with the assimilatory metabolism of DMSP is the production of excess MeSH which, if not assimilated into protein, reacts to form dissolved non-volatile compounds. These include sulfate and DOM–metal–MeSH complexes, both of which represent major short-term end-products of DMSP degradation. Because production rates of MeSH in seawater are high (3–90 nM d−1), reaction of MeSH with trace metals could affect metal availability and chemistry in seawater. Overall, results of recent studies provide evidence that DMSP plays important roles in the carbon, sulfur and perhaps metal and DOM cycles in marine microbial communities. These findings, coupled with the fact that the small fraction of DMSP converted to DMS may influence atmospheric chemistry and climate dynamics, draws attention to DMSP as a molecule of central importance to marine biogeochemical and ecological processes. 相似文献
13.
Physiological aspects of the production and conversion of DMSP in marine algae and higher plants 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
J. Stefels 《Journal of Sea Research》2000,43(3-4)
Dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) is a compound produced in several classes of algae and higher plants that live in the marine environment. Considering its generally high intracellular concentrations, DMSP has a function in the osmotic protection of algal cells. Due to the relatively slow adaptation of its intracellular concentrations upon salinity shifts, DMSP should, however, not be considered as an osmoticum in the strict sense of being responsible for osmotic balance, but rather as a constitutive compatible solute. Besides salinity, other factors also appear to affect cellular DMSP quotas, but the exact regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. In this review, a brief discussion is given of the three pathways of DMSP biosynthesis that are currently distinguished. This is followed by an overview of the factors that affect DMSP biosynthesis (light, salinity, temperature and nitrogen limitation) in relation to its physiological functions. A new hypothesis is presented in which DMSP production is described as an overflow mechanism for excess reduced compounds and for energy excess. Finally, the possible functionality of the enzymatic cleavage of DMSP is discussed in the context of an overflow mechanism. 相似文献
14.
二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)是地球上最丰富的有机硫分子之一,在全球硫循环和气候调节中具有重要的作用。DMSP是“冷室气体”二甲基硫(DMS)最主要的前体物质;在海洋中,DMSP可被多种途径降解,微生物降解是其最重要的途径之一。珊瑚礁是海洋DMS重要的来源之一,珊瑚共附生DMSP降解菌在DMS生产过程中发挥着重要的作用。本研究从多孔鹿角珊瑚(Acropora millepora)、美丽鹿角珊瑚(Acropora formosa)、多棘鹿角珊瑚(Acropora echinata)、指状鹿角珊瑚(Acropora digitifera)、鹿角杯形珊瑚(Pocillopora damicornis)和丛生盔形珊瑚(Galaxea fascicularis) 6种造礁石珊瑚中分离获得珊瑚共附生DMSP降解菌39株,基于16S rRNA基因序列对DMSP降解菌进行系统发育分析,39株DMSP降解菌株分别隶属于4个门、6个纲、19个属,优势属为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus);通过火焰光度检测器?气相色谱(GC-FPD)联用技术检测DMSP降解产物,分析DMSP降解菌的DMS生产能力,结果显示,9株菌具有高产DMS能力,高产DMS菌株对于珊瑚应对气候变暖的益生作用有待后续深入研究。 相似文献
15.
Temporal variations in dimethylsulphoniopropionate and dimethyl sulphide in the Zuari estuary,Goa (India) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Despite tropical estuarine systems representing important sites for active biogeochemical processes, studies on dimethyl sulphide (DMS) in these systems are sparse. Here we report on DMS and dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) variability in relation to physicochemical and biological parameters for a period of 14 months in a tropical estuarine environment. DMS and DMSP showed high temporal variations with maximal concentrations during the southwest monsoon coinciding with a dinoflagellate bloom. Dinoflagellates appear to be the major contributors to the DMSP pool. Average DMS and DMSP concentrations (surface and bottom) suggested that much of the DMSP produced is converted to forms other than DMS. Surface DMS varied between 0.3 and 15.4 nmol dm(-3) while DMSP ranged from 0.8 to 419.5 nmol dm(-3). The DMS flux was 0.03-1.9 microM m(-2) d(-1) (average=0.6 microM m(-2) d(-1)) during the study period, that concurs well with the values reported for temperate estuaries. 相似文献
16.
塔玛亚历山大藻生成二甲基硫和二甲基硫丙酸的实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
主要研究在封闭培养条件下塔玛亚历山大藻（Alexandrium tamarense)生长周期内藻体细胞的二甲基硫丙酸（DMSP（）含量以及释放至水体的二甲基硫（DMS）含量，结果表明：（1）塔玛亚历山大藻藻体细胞DMSP含量变化与该藻细胞数量动态变化趋势相一致，在生长周期的第7天最高值；（2）藻体细胞的DMSP含量以及释放至水体的DMS含量均与藻体细胞数量有显著相关；（3）单位细胞DMSP生成量的变化与DMS释放量变化呈现相反的趋势，在DMS释放量最高时，单位细胞DMSP生成量最低。 相似文献
17.
The osmolyte dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) can be enzymatically cleaved to dimethylsulphide (DMS), acrylate and a proton. The enzyme involved in this reaction is dimethylpropiothetin dethiomethylase (DMSP lyase; enzyme classification number 4.4.1.3.). Although the importance of this reaction for the global sulphur cycle, the influence of DMS on atmospheric acidity and the possible effect on climate regulation have been widely recognised, our knowledge of DMSP lyases is limited to just a few studies. Activity measurements of DMSP lyases offer an important step towards a better understanding of the conditions under which DMS is produced. In the available published data somewhat similar methods have been used before, but a critical examination of the method limitations has not been reported. To encourage further research on this enzyme, we suggest and detail two protocols for measurements of DMSP lyase activity: An in vitro assay for crude cell extracts or purified enzyme and an in vivo method for whole cells, which we recently started to use. After addition of DMSP, samples incubated in a gas tight vial may produce DMS from enzymatic cleavage under suitable conditions, and a DMS production rate can be estimated from time-series measurements of DMS in the headspace of the vial. Headspace analysis of DMS is a useful and rapid technique to estimate and compare DMSP lyase activities from different sources. The relative rates of DMS production in the liquid and of the gas transfer between liquid and headspace, determine the rate of DMS production measured via headspace analysis. If DMS production in the liquid is higher than the rate of transfer, headspace measurements will not reflect the actual amount of DMS produced in the liquid. In this case, extracts have to be diluted to a level that ensures linearity between dilution factor and reduction of enzyme activity. Additionally, incubation volumes and vials should be selected to provide a high surface-to-volume ratio to ensure maximum flux of DMS from the aqueous phase into the headspace. The methods can be adapted to further investigate species- and strain-specific activities, biogeographical distribution, cellular location and biochemical properties of various DMSP lyases. 相似文献
18.
During the EPOS I expedition (leg 1, 1988) into the WeddellSea (Antarctica) the dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) contents of various ice-algal assemblages and phytoplankton populations in the open water and in the ice edge zones were investigated. The chlorophyll a content in the ice samples was 25–70 times higher than that of the open water column, and about 100–390 more than in the under-ice water column. The DMSP content in ice-algae was about 20–56 times higher than in the open water, and 107–245 than in the under-ice water. There was no strict (linear ) correlation between pigment content and DMSP concentration, although high chlorophyll values were always accompanied by high DMSP contents. The variability of DMSP data can be explained by variation in species composition. Especially high concentrations were observed in samples where Phaeocystis pouch-etii was present. In ice DMSP may have a twofold biological role: as an osmolyte and/or as a cryoprotectant (antifreeze). 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Sea Research》2000,43(3-4):199-207
The relationship between sulphate, dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), and glycine betaine concentrations as well as the interaction with nitrogen supply in Spartina anglica Hubbard was investigated. Several studies have already shown that nitrogen affects levels of DMSP and glycine betaine in Spartina. It has further been suggested that sulphate is important to the growth of the salt marsh grass Spartina. We hypothesised that DMSP might be involved in a high sulphur requirement. It was further hypothesised that the effect of sulphate would depend on nitrogen supply. S. anglica shoots were treated with a range of nutrient solutions containing four different sulphate treatments, 0, 80, 800 or 1600 μM and two different nitrogen levels, 0 or 2 mM ammonium nitrate. Plant parts were analysed for DMSP and glycine betaine, as well as total nitrogen and total sulphur. Plants were analysed for proline as well but levels were very low or non-detectable and patterns were not consistent. Total sulphur was affected by both the nitrogen and sulphate treatments while total nitrogen was affected by the nitrogen treatments only. Sulphate had no effect on growth (leaf length or biomass), but nitrogen increased growth of S. anglica shoots. Levels of DMSP and glycine betaine were unaffected by increased sulphate supply. Nitrogen significantly decreased concentrations of DMSP and glycine betaine. However, due to increased biomass production, total amounts of DMSP and glycine betaine per plant were significantly higher in the 2 mM nitrogen treatments. The data suggest that pools of DMSP in roots and stems are more important than previously thought. 相似文献
20.
本文在黄渤海海域对β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)降解产生丙烯酸和丙烯酸的降解过程做了初步研究。结果表明,海水中有明显的DMSP降解和丙烯酸的生成现象。在DMSP降解初期,DMSP不断降解,丙烯酸则在经过1h后浓度开始上升,达到最大值后再次下降。起始DMSP浓度越高,降解得越完全,且丙烯酸最大值越大。在观测的5h内,丙烯酸的表观降解速率总是大于DMSP的表观降解速率,且两者都与初始浓度成正相关。在丙烯酸的降解过程中,黑暗条件下起始浓度越大,丙烯酸变化速率越大,而光照条件下则恰好相反。光化学反应中前2h表现为丙烯酸的光化学生成,而后2h表现为光化学降解。 相似文献