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1.
气象因子与小麦千粒重 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对1991～2002年气象资料与小麦千粒重资料分析结果表明，年度间影响小麦千粒重的诸因子中，气象因子起着决定作用；气象因子中，叉以光照对千粒重影响最大，其次是降水。 相似文献
2.
根据1981-1991年11年小麦生长情况，我省各地小麦亩穗数和穗粒数年际变化不大，二要素不是影响产量的主要因子；千粒重年际变幅大，最高的1989年全省平均为37．1克／千粒，1991年只有30．5克／千粒。千粒重是影响小麦产量的主要因子。5月份小麦灌浆期的阴雨寡照、青枯、干热风等气象灾害的出现，影响小麦灌浆，导致千粒重下降而减产。选育早熟品种，可避开5月下旬的气象灾害对小麦灌浆的危害；中后期在叶面上喷施磷酸二氢钾可防御干热风和青枯危害。 相似文献
3.
气候变化对福建冬种小麦生产的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
使用福建省３１个县小麦产量资料及相应各地的气象资料,通过气象产量与经膨胀处理后的气象因子进行相关分析,得知影响福建冬种小麦产量的关键气象因子是３月份的降水量和上年１１月中旬至１２月上旬的平均气温。分析了冬种小麦生长期气候资源变化及关键气象因子的年代变化,得出近年气候变化不利于福建冬种小麦的生产。最后对福建冬种小麦种植区重新进行了划分,对福建冬种小麦生产布局提出了建议。 相似文献
4.
选用黄淮海冬麦区4个半冬性小麦品种郯麦98、山农18、徐麦33、皖麦52为试验材料,通过分期播种试验,利用方差分析、相关分析、逐步回归和通径分析等方法,分析半冬性小麦籽粒灌浆速度变化趋势和气象因子对灌浆速度的影响。结果表明,正常播期冬小麦灌浆速度波动性最小、千粒重最大,迟播10 d冬小麦灌浆速度波动性最大、千粒重最小;华北区品种郯麦98灌浆速度表现最稳定、千粒重最高,而黄淮区品种皖麦52灌浆速度最大;半冬性小麦灌浆持续期为35～39 d;南北气候差异是影响各品种冬小麦灌浆速度不同的原因之一。半冬性小麦各播期灌浆速度的变化趋势一致,灌浆速度变化与相关显著气象因子的变化规律相符合;灌浆速度峰值期一般出现在开花后15～25 d,迟播冬小麦最大灌浆速度出现时间较对照处理提前,不利于提高粒重;气温条件对冬小麦灌浆速度影响显著,其中最高气温要素是影响不同播期品种灌浆速度的共有关键因子。通径分析表明,最高气温对灌浆速度的作用由自身的直接效应决定,而日照时数与最低气温对灌浆速度的作用与间接效应一致;最高气温平均值对灌浆速度的影响最重要,日照时数和最低气温平均值对灌浆速度的影响较弱;最高和最低气温平均值、日照时数均为灌浆速度的限制因子,其中最高气温平均值对灌浆速度变化的决策作用最大。 相似文献
5.
济宁县小麦产量与气象条件关系的动态分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对济宁县小麦产量和气象资料进行处理,组建了相对气象产量方程及小麦产量预报模式,以小麦柑对产量为研究对象,用费希尔回归积分法研究小麦生长时段内的气象条件对产量影响随时间演变的动态规律,并找出产量波动的主导气象因子,研宄这些因子对产量影响的季节动态变化信息,以Aj(t)形式给出。针对影响产量波动的气象因子,提出合理的生产建议,以便充分利用气候资源,为小麦的高产稳产服务。 相似文献
6.
本文采用模糊聚类分析方法将温州市划分为三个小麦种植气候区,并将各分区的小麦产量时间序列分解为时间趋势产量和气象产量,运用剩余分析方法对气象产量进行模拟,不仅借此对各分区和全市小麦产量进行预报,还可找出影响小麦产量的关键时期和关键气象因子为大田生产上的趋利避害提供农业气象依据。资料来源:小麦产量、种植面积抄自温州市统计局;气象资料抄自本市有关气象台站。 相似文献
7.
详细分析了菏泽１９９７－１９９８年度小麦生育期间气象条件,重点探讨了影响有效穗数,穗数和千粒重的不利气象因素,评价了气象灾害对小麦生产和产量的影响,为指导农业生产趋利避害提供了科学依据。 相似文献
8.
干热风是影响河西走廊小麦高产稳产的主要农业气象灾害之一。发生在6月中下旬至7月上中旬小麦开花一乳熟期的干热风天气,可使西起敦煌东至景泰的15个县的400万亩春小麦中大约2/3以上的面积遭到不同程度的危害。据小麦干热风灾情调查和试验资料,干热风严重的年份可使小麦千粒重下降6克以上,减产可达10—20％。因此,农业生产部门多次提出要求解决这种农业气象灾害问题。 本文根据几年来观测试验资料和有关调查报告,分析研究了河西走廊干热风危害的农业气候特征和区划,并提出防御措施。 一、干热风农业气象指标 河西走廊干热风对小麦的危害程度,主要是由干热风出现的时段和强度及其前期的气象条件、小麦本 相似文献
9.
利用郑州农业气象试验站1980—2006年冬小麦发育期、千粒重和穗粒数以及逐日气象资料,分析了影响千粒重和穗粒数的显著时段和关键因子,建立了千粒重和穗粒数的预测模型。结果表明:与千粒重相关显著的时段、关键因子是抽穗后15~19 d和29~33 d的温度以及9~13 d的日照;有利于获得较高千粒重的适宜温度范围为18.8~22.8℃,日平均气温上限为29.5℃;与穗粒数相关显著的时段、关键因子是返青后21~25 d的温度。相关显著时段的气候要素对千粒重和穗粒数具有较强的指示作用,可以较好地预测千粒重和穗粒数,为进行产量预报提供参考。 相似文献
10.
高产田小麦千粒重农业气象条件的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
气象条件与小麦千粒重的关系极为密切。乳熟期为综合气候关键期，土壤含水量和温度日较差为影响千粒重的主导农业气象因子，土壤相对湿度在５５￣７５％、温度日较差〉１２℃为千粒重高度值年；而土壤湿度〉８０％或〈５２％及温度日较差〈１０．５℃时为千粒重的低值年。提出，浇透抽穗，扬花水或早浇灌浆水均有利于千粒重的提高。 相似文献
11.
我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
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Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Terence Meaden S. Kochev L. Kolendowicz A. Kosa-Kiss Izolda Marcinoniene Michalis Sioutas Heino Tooming John Tyrrell 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):446-449
2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness. 相似文献
14.
准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。 相似文献
15.
The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features. 相似文献
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由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张德二 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(2):126-130
2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡. 相似文献
18.
流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献
19.
Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献
20.
Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献