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从文献的基本论述及其统计分析看,大连海洋经济管理研究取得了一定的进展和成果。但是,现有的文献普遍存在着应用研究多而理论研究少、宏观研究多而微观研究少、定性分析多而定量分析少、文献分析多而调研分析少、对策研究多而战略研究少等研究现象。因此,大连海洋经济管理研究在其广度、深度及高度上均需拓展。 相似文献
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报道了中国台湾海峡多管水母属一新种——台湾多管水母(Aequorea taiwanensis n.sp.),详细描述其形态特征,并基于线粒体COI基因片段序列,比较、分析了该新种和乳突多管水母、锥状多管水母的序列差异及遗传距离。形态学和分子学数据都支持台湾多管水母为多管水母属有效种。3种多管水母mtCOI基因片断序列在种间存在明显的多态性,3种多管水母的种间序列差异为9.10%~11.9%,种间遗传距离为0.097~0.130,说明该基因片段适用于多管水母属种、种以下阶元及地理种群甄别和种间系统进化学分析。结合其他学者研究结果,认为mtCOI序列差异10%~20%可以作为多管水母属及其他水螅水母纲动物同属种间差异的标准。 相似文献
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多棘海盘车(Asterias amurensis)是海星纲的一个致灾物种,广泛分布于包括我国黄海、渤海海域、韩国、日本和俄罗斯海域在内的北太平洋海域,并作为入侵种分布于澳大利亚的塔斯马尼亚海域。多棘海盘车在多个海域发生过暴发性增殖导致的高密度、大规模聚集,对海洋生态系统和水产养殖造成严重的负面影响。自2006年以来在我国山东青岛海域多次发生大规模多棘海盘车聚集,对贝类养殖造成重大经济损失。日本、俄罗斯、澳大利亚等海域的多棘海盘车遗传多样性研究取得了显著进展,然而,迄今为止鲜有针对我国海域致灾物种多棘海盘车的分子生物学分析,阻碍了我国海域种群与全球种群间遗传进化关系的比较分析。研究重点分析了于2022年7月在胶州湾发生多棘海盘车暴发时采集的12个样本,系统组装了其线粒体基因组、核糖体基因簇以及多种通用分子标记。基于线粒体基因组和核糖体基因簇的系统发育分析表明多棘海盘车具有较高的种内遗传多样性。基于线粒体基因组的蛋白编码基因进行分化时间估算,多棘海盘车的种内遗传分化可能发生在1.7～4.2 Ma,表明多棘海盘车的扩布可能较早发生。与线粒体基因组相比,多棘海盘车核糖体基因簇序列在种内极为保守... 相似文献
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九龙江口红树林区底栖动物体内的多环芳烃 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
2001年8月和11月在九龙江口红树林区采集了6种底栖动物,测定了它们体内16种多环芳烃的含量.紫游螺(Neritina [Dostia] violacea)、黑口滨螺(Littoraria melanostoma)、可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)、弹涂鱼(Periophthalmus cantonensis)、查加拟蟹守螺(Cerithideadj adjariensis)、孔虾虎鱼(Trypauchen vagina)对沉积物中多环芳烃的富集系数均小于1.弹涂鱼和黑口滨螺体内多环芳烃的含量有随沉积物中多环芳烃含量的增加而增加的趋势,但它们的富集系数却有随沉积物中多环芳烃含量增加而减少的趋势.弹涂鱼、黑口滨螺、查加拟蟹守螺和可口革囊星虫体内多环芳烃主要由二环多环芳烃组成,紫游螺和孔虾虎鱼体内分别是四环和五环多环芳烃比例最高. 相似文献
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多波束测深外业实施研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
主要研究和探讨多波束外业测量的实施,针对多波束实施过程中影响多波束测量成果质量的海况因素、船速控制、布线原则、参数设置和声速改正等因素从理论、规范等方面进行了分析。 相似文献
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进入21世纪后,海域天然气水合物地球物理勘探取得了较大的进步。主要表现为,在勘探技术上已由单一的地震勘探发展到以地震勘探为主,重力、磁力勘探综合应用的格局;在地震勘探方法上,已由常规的单道、多道地震发展到多频地震、高分辨率二维、三维地震和海底多分量地震;在地震资料的处理上,已由常规处理发展到突出BSR特征的“三高”和叠前时间偏移处理;在天然气水合物的地震识别上,已由速度、振幅结构研究发展到多属性判别、多弹性参数和多物性参数反演。这些新技术、新方法的应用,加快了海域天然气水合物调查进度,提高了天然气水合物地球物理识别的可靠性。 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):345-356
Callianassid sandprawns and eelgrasses have been postulated to have mutually negative effects on each other. The relationship between Callianassa kraussi and Zostera capensis was investigated in Langebaan Lagoon on the west coast of South Africa by correlative field surveys. Seven facts point to mutually antagonistic interactions between the species: (1) cover of Z. capensis was negatively correlated with density of C. kraussi; (2) Z. capensis was largely confined to the high shore, whereas C. kraussi occurred in unvegetated sandbanks below the eelgrass beds; (3) at sites where Z. capensis was absent, C. kraussi extended farther up the shore than in its presence; (4) C. kraussi reached a larger maximum size in sandbanks than in beds of Z. capensis; (5) immediately below eelgrass beds there was a 'frontier zone' where above-ground Z. capensis was absent but below-ground root-rhizomes appeared to exclude C. kraussi; (6) sediment penetrability was greater in sandbanks than in eelgrass beds; (7) rate of burrowing by C. kraussi was faster in unvegetated sandbanks than in eelgrass beds. Conversely, the density and sizes of the mudprawn Upogebia africana were greater in beds of Z. capensis than in sandflats dominated by C. kraussi. Although this evidence is correlative, it suggests that Z. capensis excludes C. kraussi because it stabilises the sediment and inhibits burrowing, and that C. kraussi prevents establishment of eelgrass beds by destabilising the sediment and suspending material that smothers the eelgrass. In the process, two distinct habitats are created. U. africana may benefit directly from eelgrass because it requires stable sediment for its semi-permanent U-tubes; but also indirectly because Z. capensis excludes C. kraussi, which may disrupt these feeding burrows. At the head of the lagoon where sediments are very fine and compact, U. africana occurs both in and below the eelgrass bed, and coexists with at least low densities of C. kraussi, although Z. capensis and C. kraussi are still negatively correlated. 相似文献
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Rachel M. Jeffreys Marc S.S. LavaleyeMagda J.N. Bergman Gerard C.A. DuineveldRob Witbaard 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(4):415-428
Deep-sea benthic communities derive their energetic requirements from overlying surface water production, which is deposited at the seafloor as phytodetritus. Benthic invertebrates are the primary consumers of this food source, with deep-sea fish at the top of the trophic hierarchy. Recently, we demonstrated with the use of baited cameras that macrourid fish rapidly respond to and feed vigorously on large plant food falls mimicked by spinach (Jeffreys et al., 2010). Since higher plant remains are scarce in the deep-sea, with the exception of canyons, where terrestrial material has been observed, these results led us to ask if a more commonly documented plant material i.e. phytodetritus might form a food source for deep-sea fish and mobile scavenging megafauna. We simulated a phytodetritus dump at the seafloor in two contrasting environments (1) the NE Atlantic where carpets of phytodetritus have been previously observed and (2) the oligotrophic western Mediterranean, where the deposition of phytodetritus at the seafloor is a rare occurrence. We recorded the response of the scavenging fauna using an in situ benthic lander equipped with baited time-lapse cameras. In the NE Atlantic at 3000 m, abyssal macrourids and cusk-eels were observed ingesting the phytodetritus. The phytodetrital patch was significantly diminished within 2 h. Abundance estimates calculated from first arrival times of macrourids at the phytodetrital patch in the Atlantic corresponded with abundance estimates from video-transect indicating that fish were attracted to the scent of phytodetrital bait. In contrast to this, in the western Mediterranean at 2800 m a single macrourid was observed investigating the phytodetrital patch but did not feed from it. The phytodetrital patch was significantly diminished within 6.5 h as a result of mainly invertebrate activity. At 1900 m, Lepidion lepidion was observed near the lander and the bait, but did not feed. The phytodetrital patch remained intact until the end of the experiment. In the deployments in the Mediterranean abundance estimates from first arrival times at the bait, corrected for their body size, were lower than estimates obtained from video-transects and trawl catches. This suggests that the Mediterranean fish were not readily attracted to this food source. In contrast, invertebrates in the Balearic Sea were observed ingesting the phytodetritus bait despite the rare occurrence of phytodetritus dumps in the Mediterranean. Stable isotope values of the fish at both study sites, set within the context of the benthic food web, did not demonstrate a strong trophic link to phytodetritus. Fatty acid profiles of these fish indicated a strong link between their lipid pool and primary producers i.e. phytoplankton, which may be attributed to trophic transfer. The usefulness of fatty acid biomarkers in ascertaining deep-sea fish diets is discussed. Our study suggests that the abyssal grenadier C. armatus on the Atlantic Iberian margin is attracted to phytodetritus. However the exact contribution of this food source to the diet of macrourids in this area remains unresolved. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献