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1.
Ståle Angen Rye 《Geoforum》2007,38(5):1028-1039
In this paper it is argued that even though communication technologies release distance students considerably from their dependency on a campus, students are still very much connected to places in their daily lives. These connections are constituted through the “placing” of technology, the students’ relations to people in their daily lives and the students’ relations to the education institution. Communication technology not only releases students from the spatial dimensions; it also attaches them to specific places. It is argued that the use of technology in distance education can reduce the students’ flexibility even if they do not have to attend campus regularly. The empirical analysis presented in this paper is based on a case study of a Master’s degree programme in Public Management offered by Open University Indonesia (Universitas Terbuka). 相似文献
2.
Monica Stephens 《GeoJournal》2013,78(6):981-996
The GeoWeb presents an opportunity to expand the array of potential contributors describing the earth through digital geographic information. However, the adoption of user-generated geographic information has not been uniform, resulting in an uneven distribution of content and more nuanced digital divides. This paper uses a survey of Internet users to measure the gender divide in the contributions of cartographic information to the Internet and examine the impact of this divide within the context of OpenStreetMap and Google MapMaker. This paper argues that in both publicly available basemaps the gender divide results in men serving as the gatekeepers of local knowledge leading to gendered user-generated representations. As these digital basemaps are reproduced and utilized by almost every mobile application or web-based map, the gender divisions in the creators and content are endlessly reproduced. 相似文献
3.
Annie Chéneau-Loquay 《GeoJournal》2007,68(1):55-70
This paper gives an account of the work carried out in the AFRICA’NTI research network, which gathered together a hundred, mostly African, researchers. The results were presented at the conference on “the North–South Digital Divide” in 2003 and 2004 (see www.africanti.org). From network to uses patterns, it first questions the way in which the subject is defined. This is a controversial question; should we speak of a “ditch” rather than of “fracture”? This depends on the point of view, but also on the geopolitical situation, and is difficult to measure. The digital divide may be less important than it is usually believed. This paper presents several types of approaches dealing with the opportunities of new technologies for Africa, geographical aspects stressing the diversity of the situations considered, and the importance of a multilevel systemic analysis based on case studies. It is shown that a slow down in the dynamics of equipment has been observed in Africa for both mobile telephony and the Internet. This then raises the question of a risk of regression for the continent, based on the idea that inequalities in access and uses of ICTs matter less than whether these uses improve the living conditions of the poor people concerned. 相似文献
4.
随着计算机和信息技术的发展,博物馆数字化是现代博物馆发展的必然趋势,也是各博物馆亟待解决的问题。本文针对实施博物馆数字化建设过程中的实际情况,提出了将物联网技术应用于博物馆数字化建设的思路。通过对当前流行的识别技术(条形码、二维码和RFID)进行对比,选择RFID技术作为博物馆藏品管理的技术手段,并在此基础上,对应用RFID技术实现智能导游进行了深入的研究,提出了相应的系统设计模型,完成了藏品管理、智能导游的实现原型,为博物馆的智能化建设提供了一种新的参考模式。 相似文献
5.
Sophie Houzet 《GeoJournal》2007,68(1):5-17
How does the organization of space interfere in the numerical development of territories? Our hypothesis is that information and communication technologies (ICT) are organized by taking into account the existing spatial structures, compared to constraints of distance, spatial position and urban hierarchy. In the context of the liberalization of the sector of telecommunications, ICT spread according to an economic logic of profitability. The concern of network operators collides with the principle of territorial equity in planning policies. To understand the diffusion of ICT in France, a cartographic analysis of their distribution is proposed. It derives from the notion of networks at three levels: infrastructures, services and uses. The research takes into account the difference between regional configurations to identify the spatial factors of the digital divide. For each level, the diffusion of ICT follows a different logic, and characterizes territories with different orientations. Areas with a high density of population and activities are quickly equipped. The democratization of the use of the Internet, notably with the diffusion of public access to the Internet, is present to a greater degree in low-density areas. 相似文献
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7.
What does it mean to reflect upon space in connection to telecommunications? If we start with a conception of urban space as being fully integrated, including on an equal footing both information and communication technologies (ICT) and mobility techniques, as well as the founding notion of copresence that we find at the heart of all urban organization, we might then be able to examine the notion of the ‘digital divide’ in a new light. This clearly experimental approach is conducted by a research group called ‘Urbatic’, which is composed of geographers who, for the last three years, have been conducting theoretical research whose objective is to take into account two fields of social science: the theory of urbanity and the theory of telecommunication. Surveys conducted in this perspective focus on the analysis of the choices people make between the different means they can use to cope with distances (copresence, mobility and telecommunication) with a view to constructing their own space. The analysis of these choices leads us to propose a new theorized interpretation of the ‘digital divide’. 相似文献
8.
Google Earth was released a few months prior to Hurricane Katrina and became an important tool in distributing information about the damage occurring in New Orleans, albeit not to all parts of society. While Google Earth did not create the economic and racial divides present in society, its use in the post-Katrina context reflect this gulf and have arguably reinforced and recreated it online. This paper has three main objectives. The first is to provide a clear empirical case study of how race remains relevant to the way people use (or do not use) the internet and internet based services. The second is highlighting the power of new online and interactive mapping technologies and demonstrating how these technologies are differentially adopted. The third and final objective is illustrating how any divide in accessing digital technology is not simply a one time event but a constantly moving target as new devices, software and cultural practices emerge. Thus, in addition to highlighting the racial inequalities in US society in general, Hurricane Katrina provides an important window on the way in which race remains a key factor in the access and use of emerging digital technologies. 相似文献
9.
Urban experience takes an informational turn: mobile internet usage and the unevenness of geosocial activity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Matthew James Kelley 《GeoJournal》2014,79(1):15-29
Coinciding the widespread deployment of handheld information and communications technologies (ICT) there has been a rapid emergence of mobile Internet applications. Notably, these applications are designed to perform within operating systems that are not only Internet-connected but that are also location-aware and decoupled from any single point in space—design characteristics that enable instantaneous integration of users’ everyday ‘real-world’ experience with an array of Internet-based services. As a consequence, the experience of urban space can be mediated by digital information in ways that have not before been possible. In this article I explore the convergence of ongoing discussions about the digital divide, the nascent class of mobile ICT, and the urban communities that have been most adversely impacted by uneven technological landscapes. Building on this convergence, I argue that it is increasingly important to consider the impacts that pervasive mobile information have on the composition of everyday urban life. 相似文献
10.
The transportation sector is the main energy consumer and carbon emitter in China. To accurately evaluate the dynamic changes in the energy–carbon performance of the sector and to propose alternatives for sustainable development, this paper proposes an approach incorporating the meta-frontier method, global benchmark technology, and non-radial directional distance function. Using this approach, the paper proposes a new definition, named the global meta-frontier non-radial Malmquist energy–carbon performance index (GMNMECPI). GMNMECPI can be decomposed into technical efficiency change (EC), best-practice gap change (BPC), and technology gap change (TGC). This new method was then used to estimate the dynamic changes of energy–carbon performance in China’s transportation sector from 2006 to 2015. The paper also identifies the effect of current policies. The empirical results show that the energy–carbon performance of China’s transportation sector decreased annually by 1.636% during the study period. This reduction was mainly caused by a significant technology lag in the central area while primarily influenced by deterioration in efficiency in both the east and west. There is a distinct heterogeneity in technology across China’s three areas. Based on the findings, the paper closes with policy implications. 相似文献
11.
全球变化和可持续发展科学 总被引：45，自引：0，他引：45
文章回顾了全球变化研究的发展史 ,介绍了IGBP ,IHDP ,WCRP ,DIVERSITAS 4个国际全球变化研究组织的研究方向与核心内容以及它们共同提出的碳循环、食物、水资源三大课题。全球环境变化的实质是人与自然界关系的变化。人类活动改变地球系统动力的强度已经超过自然界变动的限度 ,“人类世”的概念与可持续发展科学应运而生。西方学者认为发达地区与发展中地区之间存在着阻碍可持续发展的鸿沟。笔者从可持续发展科学的角度讨论了发达地区与发展中地区的关系 ,并以我国东部与西部为例 ,指出若能通过政府的可持续发展政策 ,推动各职能系统的工作 ,实现信息、技术、经济的不断交互流动 ,就可以找到消除鸿沟的途径。 相似文献
12.
Access to new information and communication technologies is widely viewed as a prerequisite for participation in the global economy, so that inequalities in such access have become a significant policy concern. Rural areas are especially underserved in terms of internet providers, and this is true in both developed and less developed economies. This article focuses on access to the internet within farming operations in the US as an important aspect of understanding the digital divide within rural areas. Using county level data from the 2007 US Census of Agriculture and multivariate regression analysis, our study examines the statistical relationship between farm internet access and a set of explanatory factors which include demographic characteristics of operators, economic characteristics of farms, and geographic location (region and metropolitan status) of the farm. Further, it seeks to understand whether access to the internet can be socially and locationally differentiated from access to high speed internet. Our findings indicate that existing social divides are replicated in terms of the digital divide, so that social inequalities are potentially a more pressing problem than infrastructural gaps in terms of rural access to the internet in the US. 相似文献
13.
以东川泥石流为研究对象,选取高程、坡度、坡向、起伏度、曲率、工程岩组、距断层距离、距水系距离、土地利用类型9个影响因子,以研究区144条泥石流为样本数据,建立了东川泥石流易发性评价体系。基于GIS平台,采用信息量模型计算各个评价指标状态分级的信息量值,以小流域为评价单元使用自然间断法将研究区泥石流易发程度分为极高、高、... 相似文献
14.
Augmented reality (AR) has huge potential as a science outreach tool, especially around palaeontology where it is possible to bring extinct animals to life. This paper shares our experiences as academic geoscientists in developing a series of AR applications during a three-year period. We do not focus on the technical issues of app design and coding but on the lessons learnt during this time which may be of value to others, whether academics, event coordinators or museum curators interested in using digital technology to enhance user experience or convey educational messages. We identify eight issues that are worth keeping in mind when commissioning, developing, and deploying AR apps for use as a science communication tool. The issues are: (1) download barriers; (2) ageing novelty of AR; (3) the ‘stickiness’ of an app tends to be moment-locations specific; (4) maintenance of bespoke apps; (5) ‘boom and lapse’ cycles in funding; (6) difficulty of embedding educational content; (7) priority conflict between users and event organisers; and (8) the quality of the animation is key. 相似文献
15.
A new technique for automatic delineation of drainage basin perimeters within digital elevation data is described which applies the topographic primal sketch to digital terrain data, and is much more natural and much more efficient than usual methods that rely upon moving a window over the array of data. This method is able to find drainage channels, mark water flow direction, and recover drainage basin areas. Results appear to be comparable to drainage patterns which can be interpreted visually from contours of the elevation data. 相似文献
16.
《Geoforum》2017
Using the Canadian Arctic as a case study this paper explores how Internet-based research can be used to advance area studies in an era of rapid global change. Regions of the world are rapidly changing due to social, technological, and environmental processes, and traditionally marginalized groups are increasingly using digital tools to help shape new geographical imaginations of these regions. Digital research is uniquely capable of analyzing these political uses of digital technologies, to produce a better understanding of how many different stakeholders are shaping emerging geographical imaginations. The Canadian Arctic offers a particularly powerful case study to understand these processes both because it represents a geographic region that is complex, multi-scalar, and rapidly evolving, and also because it is a region in which traditionally marginalized indigenous groups are using the Internet to increase the visibility of their perspectives. This paper develops an innovative methodology, combining computational analysis of ‘big data’ along with traditional forms of qualitative analysis, to analyze representations of the Arctic across the websites of five different organizations. These organizational websites were chosen because each of the organizations has a different relationship to the Arctic, operates at a different geographic scale, has some relevance to areas of the Canadian Arctic in which Inuit live, and has a large website. The analysis successfully reveals how these different organizations use the web to shape different types of geographic imaginations of the Arctic, as well as the types of discursive politics being used by the organizations to push forward their own political goals. The result is a powerful form of area studies capable of highlighting the geographic imaginations and re-imaginations of a complex set of actors operating at many different scales. 相似文献
17.
地球科学作为自然科学的一大门类,其发展速度十分惊人。地球科学的迅速发展一方面反映了人类生产的发展对资源和环境方面愈来愈高的要求,一方面得益于科学技术的普遍发展为地球科学研究提供的越来越有利的条件。关于技术方法对地球科学研究的推动作用,人们早有认识,而现在更为深刻。当今对地球科学研究影响最大的关键技术,包括空间技术,深部探测技术,高新分析测试技术和数据综合分析技术,均来源于现代科学技术的最新发展。为了推动地球科学研究,不但要注意引进各种高新技术,还要注意将这些技术与地学研究相结合,发展和创造适合于地学研究的高新技术,并善于综合应用它们,使它们在地学研究中发挥最有效的作用。 相似文献
18.
R.J. Muir 《Geology Today》2015,31(6):232-236
Current desktop technology is largely mouse‐driven, but many analysts predict that in less than five years we will have a professional workforce that have only experienced learning in a touchscreen environment. Midland Valley have developed a digital mapping tool for smartphones called FieldMove Clino, which has been downloaded more than 20 000 times over the past year. The free version offers an effective way of introducing students to digital field mapping. However, many geoscience departments and teachers of field mapping have yet to make the switch from traditional paper‐based methods to digital technology. This article aims to answer some of the frequently asked questions about digital field mapping and outlines some of the advantages for improving field skills and geological thinking in students. 相似文献
19.
Aharon Kellerman 《GeoJournal》2016,81(4):503-517
This article aims, first, at the exposition of image space and a scalar model differentiating among its four visual classes: virtual space (visual presentations of real space and material artifacts), cyberspace (digital communications and information media), the Internet (digital communications and informational spaces), and Internet screen-space (ISS) (users’ visual interface with the Internet), thus leading from the wider to the specific. This differentiation is followed by discussions of cyberspace and Internet screen-space geography. Cyberspace has been spatially defined as artificial reality, interactivity, and conceptual and metaphorical spaces. As a spatial experience, cyberspace involves co-presence, low cognitive mapping, and egalitarian and global communications. The article aims further at the development of interpretations for ISSs and their uses along dimensions originally developed for real-space geography. These include: real space parameters (ground; distance; places; scale/regions; boundaries; and flows); user spatial parameters (speed; directionality; circularity; distanciation); and user socio-spatial parameters (proximity; networking; time–space compression). 相似文献
20.
随着互联网与信息技术的快速发展,线上线下混合式学习逐渐得到普及与应用。混合式学习强调学生的主体作用,注重学生的自主学习、协作学习和个性化学习,是良好的适合高等教育的创造性学习模式。但是在目前的混合式学习模式下,学生对知识的加工、梳理、整合能力不够,构建完整知识体系的自主学习能力稍显薄弱,因此亟需更多引导。文章综合分析了混合式学习模式的优缺点,建议引入人工智能领域的知识图谱概念,作为新的教学元素以引导和加强学生的自主学习过程,由此构建了基于知识图谱的增强型混合式学习模式。该模式在2020年南京大学《古无脊椎动物学》课程中进行了实践,进一步证明其在改善学生自主学习能力方面的潜力。 相似文献