共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 484 毫秒
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本文叔述了在冀中平原油井水力压裂应力测量原理。通过该地区十口井油井的水力压裂应力测量结果表明,在1500～3200米深度范围内,三个主应力是随深度成线性增加的,它们之间的关系为:S_H>S_V>S。此外,根据在河北省易县的水力压裂应力测量和震源机制解结果,表明该地区的最大水平主应力方向为北东到北东东向。由此证明,冀中平原地区的现代地壳运动是以水平作用为主。同时还表明该地区的四组断裂的活动性质:NE和EW向断裂为引张类型,NNE向断裂为右旋走向滑动类型,NW向断裂为左旋走向滑动类型。 相似文献
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水力压裂法是当前世界上直接测定深部地下应力唯一有效的方法。在美国兰吉里油田,曾利用深井测定了震源区1900米处的地应力。结合地震断层的产状和孔隙压力的情况,解释了诱发地震的成因,提出了控制地震的设想,此后,地下应力测量日益受到重视,目前已达5100米的深度。深井测定地下应力取决于石油开采技术的发展。我国国家地震局地球物理研究所在石油开发研究院与华北有关油田的关注及配合下,开展了地下应力与压裂裂缝方位的测定研究。 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(1)
室内水力压裂模拟实验是认识裂缝压裂机理、获取水力压裂信号的有效手段,可为进一步提高水力压裂技术在页岩气等非常规油气资源开发方面的应用提供技术支持.本文根据野外水力压裂施工工艺和微压裂地震信号监测的特点,设计并制造了大模型水力压裂模拟装置,该装置包括真三轴围压系统、水压裂系统和微压裂信号采集系统,可以实现相同或不同围压状态下的水力压裂试验,并对裂缝产生、裂缝扩展的整个物理过程进行水力压力信号和岩石压裂破裂信号的采集,形成了一套完整的微压裂实验技术.通过水力压裂实验,首次在实验室内获得了真三轴围压下大模型的水利压力和水力压裂信号的关系,为水力压裂信号的分析和压裂裂缝的定位提供了基础. 相似文献
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本文对中国四川盆地最近观察到的注水诱发地震进行了及时和详细的研究,四川盆地页岩气水力压裂已经开始启动,计划在未来几年里被逐渐开采。包括传染型余震序列模型、震中重定位、13个大地震事件(MW3.5)的震源机制以及库仑破裂应力数值计算的众多证据表明,在地下2.3~3km深度范围内水力压裂短期(每个井位数月)注水过程诱发了一系列最高矩震级达MW4.7的地震。反之,这些诱发地震的出现也支持了注水诱发断层再活化的假设。本文同时讨论了此地区注水压裂为什么会诱发如此大震级地震的地质原因。由于四川盆地中水力压裂作业正如火如荼,这也将有利于地球科学、天然气公司、管理部门和学术界共同探讨显著的注水诱发地震的地区因素,以确保页岩气注水压裂可以有效进行并安全实施。 相似文献
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在页岩油气藏的开发和勘探阶段,需要对储层进行水力压裂改造,形成有利于油气聚集和运移的裂缝.地应力是进行水力压裂改造的重要参数,能够决定裂缝的大小、方向以及分布形态,影响着压裂的增产效果,且最大和最小水平应力差异比（ODHSR,Orthorhombic Differential Horizontal Stress Ratio）是评价储层是否可压裂成网的重要因子.本文探讨了基于地震数据估算地应力的方法,以指导页岩气的水力压裂开发.首先,利用叠前方位地震数据反演得到地层的弹性参数和各向异性参数;其次,基于正交各向异性水平应力差异比近似公式,利用反演得到的弹性参数和各向异性参数估算地层的ODHSR;最后,选取某工区的裂缝型页岩储层的叠前方位地震数据对该方法进行实际应用.实际工区地震数据应用表明,基于叠前方位地震数据反演得到的ODHSR能够有效的识别储层中易于压裂成网的区域. 相似文献
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在实际的水力压裂过程中,裂缝总是沿着垂直于最小地应力的方向扩展,地应力的分布形式和多个压裂段之间的互相影响(应力阴影效应)对于形成复杂的裂缝网络具有重要的影响。本文基于扩展有限单元法(XFEM)模拟页岩等多孔介质在水压作用下裂缝的任意扩展,由于在传统有限元法的基础上引入了扩充自由度和可以描述间断的位移阶跃函数,所以裂缝可以独立于网格扩展,而不需要重新剖分网格。通过引入一维流动假设,求解润滑方程,并考虑流体在裂缝内的流动。同时也考虑裂缝向基质中流动的滤失效应。研究实际施工中不同段间距下裂缝的扩展模式和段间距对裂缝形态的影响,结果表明,压裂段间距过小时中间的裂缝会被屏蔽;此外,裂缝会由于应力阴影效应而发生转向。 相似文献
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本文比较了从油田压裂资料获得的应力值与专门的水压致裂应力测量结果。研究结果表明,前者的最小水平主应力可以和后者的精度相当,最大水平主应力的精度略低。以长庆油田岭261—2井1985年11月15日实际压裂记录结果和吉林油田东33—35井的压裂记录为例,提出了处理油田资料的方法,给出了相应的处理结果 相似文献
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水力压裂是干热岩(HDR)开发最常用到的压裂方式，水力压裂形成的裂缝网络为增强地热系统的运行(EGS)提供了高渗透率的人工储层.本文在系统总结前人关于共和盆地水力压裂实验、数值模拟资料和现场水力压裂监测结果的基础上，引入了离散裂缝网络(DFN),利用多物理场模拟软件COMSOL Multiphysics建立了共和盆地恰卜恰地区干热岩开采过程中的二维裂缝-基质热-孔隙流体耦合模型，并讨论了裂缝开度和基质渗透率对干热岩开采温度下降过程的影响.结果表明，裂缝网络是流体运移的主要通道.温度下降和早期压力变化范围沿着裂缝延伸，并向周围被裂缝分割的基质扩展.裂缝开度和基质渗透率是影响干热岩地热开采过程中温度下降的重要因素.当裂缝开度越大时，流体运移范围就越大，储层温度和产出水温下降就越快，储层下降范围就越广，热突破时间和运行寿命就越短.当基质渗透率越大时，越有利于流体进入基质进行热量交换，越容易从干热岩中提取热量，产出水温下降越快，运行寿命越短. 相似文献
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对龙羊峡水库发生诱发地震可能性的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文用龙羊峡水电站的水压致裂应力测量结果分析了该水库发生诱发地震的可能性。结果表明,该水库库区浅层的应力特点为:S_H>Sh>Sv,具备发生诱发地震的应力条件,但浅部和深部的应力状态可能不同。这给由浅部应力测值推测可能发生的诱发地震的震级的上限带来困难。 相似文献
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Ｔｈｅ ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ ｏｆ ｄｉｓｋ ｃｏｒｅ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ Ｍａｏｐｉｎｇ ８００ ｍ ｂｏｒｅ ｈｏｌｅ（阮小平）（李方全）ＴｈｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｄｉｓｋｃｏｒｅｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＭａｏｐｉｎｇ８００ｍｂｏｒｅｈｏｌｅ￥Ｘｉａｏ－Ｐｉｎｇ... 相似文献
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Xiaorong Luo 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,201(2):431-446
Natural hydrofracturing caused by overpressure plays an important role in geopressure evolution and hydrocarbon migration in petroliferous basins. Its mechanism is quite well understood in the case of artificial hydraulic fracturing triggered by high-pressure fluid injection in a well. This is not so for natural hydraulic fracturing which is assumed to initiate as micro-cracks with large influence on the permeability of the medium. The mechanism of natural hydraulic cracking, triggered by increasing pore pressure during geological periods, is studied using a fracturing model coupled to the physical processes occurring during basin evolution. In this model, the hydraulic cracking threshold is assumed to lie between the classical failure limit and the beginning of dilatancy. Fluid pressure evolution is calculated iteratively in order to allow dynamic adjustment of permeability so that the fracturing limit is always preserved. The increase of permeability is interpreted on the basis of equivalent fractures. It is found that fracturing is very efficient to keep a stress level at the rock’s hydraulic cracking limit: a fracture permeability one order of magnitude larger than the intrinsic permeability of the rock would be enough. Observations reported from actual basins and model results strongly suggest that natural hydraulic cracking occurs continuously to keep the pressure at the fracturing limit under relaxed stress conditions. 相似文献
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Consistency of stress state,locations and source mechanisms of events induced by hydraulic fracturing: downhole monitoring 
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下载免费PDF全文 Zuzana Jechumtálová Fangdong Chu Gang Yu Jan Procházka 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(7):1315-1326
We present results of processed microseismic events induced by hydraulic fracturing and detected using dual downhole monitoring arrays. The results provide valuable insight into hydraulic fracturing. For our study, we detected and located microseismic events and determined their magnitudes, source mechanisms and inverted stress field orientation. Event locations formed a distinct linear trend above the stimulated intervals. Source mechanisms were only computed for high‐quality events detected on a sufficient number of receivers. All the detected source mechanisms were dip‐slip mechanisms with steep and nearly horizontal nodal planes. The source mechanisms represented shear events and the non‐double‐couple components were very small. Such small, non‐double‐couple components are consistent with a noise level in the data and velocity model uncertainties. Strikes of inverted mechanisms corresponding to the nearly vertical fault plane are (within the error of measurements) identical with the strike of the location trend. Ambient principal stress directions were inverted from the source mechanisms. The least principal stress, σ3, was determined perpendicular to the strike of the trend of the locations, indicating that the hydraulic fracture propagated in the direction of maximum horizontal stress. Our analysis indicated that the source mechanisms observed using downhole instruments are consistent with the source mechanisms observed in microseismic monitoring arrays in other locations. Furthermore, the orientation of the inverted principal components of the ambient stress field is in agreement with the orientation of the known regional stress, implying that microseismic events induced by hydraulic fracturing are controlled by the regional stress field. 相似文献
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锚杆加固对石窟地震反应的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用大型通用AD INA有限元分析软件进行动力分析,研究锚杆加固对石窟地震反应的影响。通过对无裂隙无锚杆、有裂隙无锚杆、有裂隙有锚杆和有裂隙有预应力锚杆4种模型的分析,研究了锚杆在石窟岩体加固中的作用。结果表明,锚杆的加固作用是明显的,在有裂隙的部位打入锚杆对石窟整体结构的安全性是有益处的。通过两条地震波作用下石窟的地震反应分析,指出了石窟结构在地震荷载作用下的薄弱部位,计算结果表明地震作用下薄弱部位多数发生在石窟的脚点附近,分析结果可作为石窟抗震设计的参考依据。 相似文献
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Numerical evaluation of the effect of fracture network connectivity in naturally fractured shale based on FSD model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, the effect of pre-existing discrete fracture network (DFN) connectivity on hydraulic fracturing is numerically investigated in a rock mass subjected to in-situ stress. The simulation results show that DFN connectivity has a significant influence on the hydraulic fracture (HF) & DFN interaction and hydraulic fracturing effectiveness, which can be characterized by the total interaction area, stimulated DFN length, stimulated HF length, leak-off ratio, and stimulated total length. In addition, even at the same fluid injection rate, simulation models exhibit different responses that are strongly affected by the DFN connectivity. At a low injection rate, total interaction area decreases with increasing DFN connectivity; at a high injection rate, total interaction area increases with the increase of DFN connectivity. However, for any injection rate, the stimulated DFN length increases and stimulated HF length decreases with the increase of connectivity. Generally, this work shows that the DFN connectivity plays a crucial role in the interaction between hydraulic fractures, the pre-existing natural fractures and hydraulic fracturing effectiveness; in return, these three factors affect treating pressure, created microseismicity and corresponding stimulated volume. This work strongly relates to the production technology and the evaluation of hydraulic fracturing effectiveness. It is helpful for the optimization of hydraulic fracturing simulations in naturally fractured formations. 相似文献
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山东朱崖黄土裂缝的成因及其地震地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
山东朱崖一带Q_22—Q_32黄土中发育了许多构造裂缝。有封闭的张性裂缝、快速张裂的裂缝、缓慢持续张裂的裂缝及有摩擦面的压扭性裂缝,后两种裂缝形成时间晚。裂缝的的产状、力学特征与现代区域构造应力场有较好的相关性。 朱崖黄土裂缝的形成与其所处的构造部位有关。朱崖位于NW向的无棣—青州(益都)活动构造带内,历史上NW向断裂与NE向断裂的交叉点上发生了六次中、强地震,朱崖位于NE向淄河断裂与活动的NW向淄博—朱崖断裂交叉点上,是应力易于集中、构造活动明显的部位 相似文献