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1.
利用错流超滤技术提取天然胶体,研究了胶体的有机碳浓度、粒径和来源对海水小球藻(Chlorellaspp.)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonassubcordiformis)和球等鞭金藻(Isochrysisgalbana)生长的影响。结果表明,当粒径为10kDa—0.2μm、胶体有机碳浓度为4.8—238.4μmol/L时,胶体使小球藻、扁藻和金藻的生长率分别提高了4.0%—7.0%、19.1%—28.9%和2.9%—8.7%。海水小球藻生长率的相对增长百分数(Y)值与胶体有机碳浓度(CCOC)呈线性正相关;亚心形扁藻和球等鞭金藻的Y与CCOC呈多项式相关;胶体对扁藻生长的刺激作用大于球等鞭金藻和海水小球藻。粒径为10kDa—0.2μm的胶体对3种藻的促进作用大于1—10kDa的胶体。河口、河流和生源胶体使小球藻的生长率提高1.5%—14.1%,不同来源的3种胶体对海水小球藻的促进作用依序是河流胶体>生源胶体>河口胶体。以上结果表明,天然胶体含有微藻生长所必需的营养元素,对微藻的生长有显著的刺激作用。 相似文献
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利用切向超滤技术从厦门海域水体中提取制备出不同来源(海洋、河口与河流)的胶体及不同粒径的海洋胶体,分析并比较其多糖的醛糖组成。结果表明,各种胶体含有相同的醛糖组分,即鼠李糖、岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖,粒径相同的高分子量胶体以葡萄糖和半乳糖为优势组分,海洋胶体与河流胶体的醛糖组成相似,低分子量海洋胶体的鼠李糖丰度是高分子量海洋胶体的2倍多。这些结果进一步说明了浮游植物和陆源输入是胶体有机物的重要来源,微生物作用和原生动物的摄食可能使天然水体中胶体物质的醛糖组成趋于一致。 相似文献
3.
从234Th的固/液分配看海洋胶体的作用 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
1994—1995年期间,利用β计数法实测了南沙群岛海域、南海东北部海域、厦门湾塔角附近海域和九龙江河口区共计116份海水样品中溶解态与颗粒态234Th的放射性比活度。结果表明,颗粒态234Th占总34Th的份额大小顺序为：九龙江河口区＞厦门海塔角附近海域＞南沙海域。南海东北部海域。234Th的条件分配系数Kd介于1．1×104—20×106dm3／kg之间,平均为2．2×105dm3／kdKd与总悬浮颗粒物含量（7SAN呈负相关关系：lg（Kd）＝－0．59·lg（TSM）＋5．67,这一“颗粒物浓度效应”可归因于海洋胶体物质的存在。由上述关系获得4个研究海区胶体浓度与悬浮颗粒物浓度的函数关系：Cc＝f（TSM0．59）。 相似文献
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通过传统的TCBS培养基平板计数法、16SrDNA—RFLP（16SrRNA基因的限制性酶切图谱多样性分析）及16SrDNA序列分析等方法对深圳海域水体和九龙江口沉积物中弧菌数量分布进行研究．结果表明TCBS菌群数中弧菌所占的比例因不同采样地点、不同季节而呈现较大差异．在深圳西海域及九龙江口上游盐度较低（盐度〈11）的区域,TCBS菌群中弧菌所占的比例为0,TCBS菌群数与弧菌总数不相关;在河口下游盐度相对较高的区域,弧茵占TCBS菌群数的6．0％～92．0％,TCBS菌群数与弧茵总数不相关或相关性不大;高盐度的海水区域弧菌占TCBS菌群数的37．O％～100．0％,TCBS菌群数与弧菌数量显著相关（P〈0．05）．因此环境监测过程中利用TCBS培养基检测海洋弧菌数量时,应该通过分子鉴定或生理生化鉴定方法进行验证,以保证数据的科学性． 相似文献
6.
胶体磷在河口区随盐度变化的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了胶体磷在河口海区随盐度变化的趋势,并将其与颗粒态、真溶解态磷随盐度的变化趋势进行对比,分析胶体态磷在河口的行为与颗粒态磷和真溶解态磷二者的异同。探讨磷在颗粒相、胶体相和真溶液相之间的分配及其与悬浮颗粒物浓度的关系,研究胶体磷在河口海区中的迁移转化作用。研究结果表明,胶体相中总磷、有机磷和活性磷浓度由河端向海端降低,表明陆源输入是其主要来源。胶体有机磷占总磷比例随盐度增加而下降,表明有机磷受胶体去除过程的影响较明显,胶体磷在河口海区的浓度变化趋势及胶体中有机磷和活性磷的比例都与真溶解相接近而与颗粒相差别较大。 相似文献
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研究了胶体磷在河口海区随盐度变化的趋势,并将其与颗粒态、真溶解态磷随盐度的变化趋势进行对比,分析胶体态磷在河口的行为与颗粒态磷和真溶解态磷二者的异同.探讨磷在颗粒相,胶体相和真溶液相之间的分配及其与悬浮颗粒物浓度的关系,研究胶体磷在河口海区中的迁移转化作用.研究结果表明,胶体相中总磷、有机磷和活性磷浓度由河端向海端降低,表明陆源输入是其主要来源.胶体有机磷占总磷比例随盐度增加而下降,表明有机磷受胶体去除过程的影响较明显,胶体磷在河口海区的浓度变化趋势及胶体中有机磷和活性磷的比例都与真溶解相接近而与颗粒相差别较大. 相似文献
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九龙江河口水体叶绿素a含量和初级生产力的时空变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2009年春（5月）、夏（8月）、秋（11月）在九龙江河口水域进行的生态安全示范区综合外业调查资料,研究了九龙江河口水体叶绿素a含量和初级生产力的时空变化．结果表明,九龙江河口水体叶绿素a含量变化范围为0．77～15．89mg／m。,平均含量为3．11mg／m。;初级生产力变化范围为19．05～332．91mr,／（m。·d）,平均值为103．51mg／（m。·d）．叶绿素a含量均值以夏季的为最高（4．01mg／m。）,其季节变化呈夏季〉春季〉秋季;初级生产力均值以春季的为最高[112．16mg／（m。·d）],季节变化呈春季〉夏季〉秋季的趋势．与本研究区上世纪90年代的调查结果比较,本次调查的表层水叶绿素a含量均值（3．11mg／m’）为1990年均值（2．24mg／m。）的1．3—1．6倍,而初级生产力均值[103．5mg／（m。·d）]则比1990年的[151．6mg／（m。·d）]降低了约32％．叶绿素a含量与初级生产力、可溶性硅酸盐含量、水温在这3个季节均显著正相关,与浮游植物密度的分布并不一致,二者的相关性并不显著．在高无机氮和高可溶性硅酸盐含量状态下,水温与活性磷酸盐含量对九龙江河口水体叶绿素a含量和初级生产力的时空变化起调控作用． 相似文献
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用碱熔法处理样品,水沥取,用分光光度法测量了采集自福建省兴化湾、九龙江河口和东山湾3个海湾潮间带沉积物岩心的碘分布。兴化湾、九龙江河口和东山湾3岩心中的碘含量分别为2.5~43.7,17.3~39.6和11.3~29.1 mg/kg。3个沉积物岩心中的碘含量稍高于福建省的土壤的碘含量,与我国海域的沉积物碘含量在同一水平,但明显低于文献报道的开阔海域沉积物的碘含量。兴化湾和东山湾沉积物中的碘与有机碳含量有较好的相关性;在九龙江河口采集的岩心中的碘与有机物碳含量的相关性较差。推测海洋源的沉积物碘与有机碳含量相关性较好,而陆源沉积物的碘与有机碳含量相关性较差。 相似文献
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Marine colloidal material (1 kDa–0.2 μm) was isolated by cross-flow ultrafiltration followed by diafiltration and freeze-drying from surface waters of the Gulf of Mexico and the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB), as well as from estuarine waters of Galveston Bay. Elemental characterization of isolated colloidal material included organic carbon (OC) and selected trace metal (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, Be, Fe, Al, Mn, V, Ba, and Ti) determinations. It was found that levels of these metals in marine colloids ranged from <0.1 to 50 μg/g colloidal matter, except for Fe which generally had a concentration >120 μg/g. Most metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Al, Mn, V, and Ti) had an average concentration >1 μg/g while concentrations of Cd, Co and Be were usually <1 μg/g. Metal concentrations (μg/g) in isolated colloids were, in general, higher in Galveston Bay than in the Gulf of Mexico, suggesting either high abundance of trace metals in estuarine waters or differences in organic matter composition. Higher colloidal metal concentrations in the MAB than in the Gulf of Mexico might be due to higher terrestrial inputs in the MAB. Colloidal metal concentrations (μg/g) were generally lower than those in average soils, continental crust and suspended particles. However, metal/aluminum ratios (Me/Al) in isolated marine colloids were significantly higher than those for average soils and continental crust. Most importantly, colloids had a metal composition and metal/OC ratio (Me/C) similar to humic substances and marine plankton, suggesting that marine colloids largely originate from planktonic sources and are composed of predominately organic components. The Me/C ratios of Galveston Bay colloids followed the sequence of Cu>Ni, Cr, Zn>Mn>Co>Pb, Cd, which is similar to the Irving–Williams order except for Mn, suggesting that the interaction of metals with marine colloids is determined by the affinity of metals for specific organic ligands. 相似文献
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九龙江河口区稀土元素地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）对2007年10月航次采集的九龙江河口区溶解态、悬浮颗粒态、沉积物样品中的稀土元素（REEs）进行了测定,对REEs的地球化学特征进行研究.结果表明,REEs在各相态中的含量范围如下：溶解态的为0.1 ng/dm^3（Eu）～1.96μg/dm^3（Ce）,悬浮颗粒态的为0.28（Tm）～142.83（Ce）mg/kg,沉积物的为0.25（Tm）～99.65（Ce）mg/kg;溶解态、悬浮颗粒态及沉积物中REEs球粒陨石标准化配分曲线均表现为负斜率型,九龙江河口为LREE相对HREE富集型河口.九龙江河口溶解态、悬浮颗粒态、沉积物三相态中REEs含量受流域土壤、地表径流等源区因素影响较大.Ce异常值在各相态中表现为负异常. 相似文献
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Amino acids were determined in estuarine colloidal and particulate material from near surface waters ranging from fresh to brackish water (12 g kg?1 salinity). The hydrolizable amino acids and associated ammonia account for an average of 80% of the nitrogen present in colloidal samples, and approximately 75% of the nitrogen from particulate fractions of the same samples. The relative proportions of these amino acids are similar to those of a cultured estuarine diatom. There are no significant amounts of D amino acids, or non-protein amino acids characteristic of bacteria in sediments and soil. A single deep-water sample (25 m) shows some evidence of bottom mud resuspension by the presence of a possible aspartic acid-hydroxyproline dimer. 相似文献
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Distributions of carbohydrates, including uronic acids, in estuarine waters of Galveston Bay 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The concentrations of carbohydrates, including uronic acids, in dissolved (≤0.45μm) and colloidal (1 kDa—0.45 μm) phases were measured in estuarine waters of Galveston Bay, TX, in order to study their role in heavy metal detoxification. The concentrations of dissolved monosaccharides (MCHO) in Galveston Bay ranged from 13 to 62 μM-C, and those of dissolved polysaccharides (PCHO) ranged from 10 to 42 μM-C. On average, MCHO and PCHO contributed about 11% and 7% to dissolved organic carbon (DOC), respectively. The colloidal carbohydrates (CCHO) in Galveston Bay varied from 7 to 54 μM-C, and accounted for 9% to 24% of the colloidal organic carbon (COC), with an average value of 17%, suggesting that CCHO is abundant in the high molecular weight (HMW) fraction of DOC. The concentration of CCHO is generally significantly higher than that of PCHO. This result is attributed to entrainment of low molecular weight (LMW) carbohydrates into the retentate fraction during ultrafiltration. The concentration of total dissolved uronic acids (DUA) in the same samples varied from 1.0 to 8.3 μM-C, with an average value of 6.1 μM-C, while the colloidal uronic acids (CUA) ranged from 0.8 to 6.4 μM-C, with an average value of 4.8 μM-C. The concentrations of DUA are higher than the previously reported values in coastal waters. Furthermore, CUA represent a dominant component of DUA in Galveston Bay waters. More importantly, significant correlations of PCHO and DUA to dissolved Cu concentrations (≤0.45 μm) were found, suggesting that acid polysaccharides were produced in response to trace metal stressors. 相似文献
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Sources and distributions of terrigenous organic matter in a mangrove fringed small tropical estuary in South China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The sources and distributions of terrigenous organic matter (OM) were investigated in a small tropical estuary in the Hainan Island, South China. Plants, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and surface sediments samples in the estuary and coast were collected. Bulk properties [organic carbon (OC%), total nitrogen (TN%), stable carbon isotope (δ13C) and grain size] and lignin phenol concentrations were measured. OC% of mangrove plants was (43.4 ± 2.1)%, which is similar to the values reported for mangrove plants in other regions. OC% of sediment samples ranged from 0.07% to 1.42%, and they were related to the sediment texture. Lignin phenols in the sediment ranged from 5.16 mg/100 mg OC in the uppermost station to 0.51mg/100mg OC in the coast. The molar ratio of organic carbon to total nitrogen (C/N) (～7) and δ 13 C (～-31.1×10-3 ) of riverine SPM revealed that the major OM sources of riverine SPM were aquatic OM (phytoplankton and/or bacteria). Moreover, the lower lignin concentration (Λ8) and higher (Ad/Al)v of lignin phenols suggest that terrestrial OM in riverine SPM were mainly from soil. Furthermore, C/N ratio, δ13C and lignin phenols reveal that mangrove plants were the predominant OM sources of mangrove surface sediment. Based on the δ13C and lignin phenols, it can be concluded that the major OM sources in estuarine and coastal surface sediments were marine phytoplankton, riverine SPM and mangrove surface sediment. In addition, the higher (Ad/Al)v of lignin phenols in those coastal sediments indicate that seagrass might be a potential OM source in coastal sediments, however, the lower (Ad/Al)v in the estuarine sediments in turn suggests that seagrass could not be transported to the mangrove fringed region. A three-end-member model which is based on lignin concentrations and δ13C was applied to evaluate the contribution of mangroves to the organic matter preserved in the surface sediments. Around the mangrove fringed region, mangrove could contribute more than 50% to the sedimentary OM, and this value is much higher than riverine OM. Nevertheless, mangrove OM could not be efficiently transported to the coastal region. Our study suggests that mangrove forest is an important OM source in this small estuary. 相似文献
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Size fractionation and optical properties of colloids in an organic-rich estuary (Thurso, UK) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Silvia Batchelli Franois L.L. Muller Mohamed Baalousha Jamie R. Lead 《Marine Chemistry》2009,113(3-4):227-237
The optical characteristics of a black water river estuary from the north coast of Scotland were examined in the filtered (0.4 µm), ultrafiltered (5 kDa) and colloid-enriched fractions of estuarine samples. The samples were collected over the full salinity range during a period when the pH was relatively constant (8.2–8.5) throughout the estuary, allowing the influence of salinity on estuarine colloidal processes to be distinguished. The properties examined in the bulk, the low molecular weight (LMW) and the colloidal fraction (HMW) were UV–visible absorption, 3-D fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectrum, inorganic and organic carbon, mean size (by dynamic light scattering), and size distribution by flow field-flow fractionation analysis (FlFFF). The combined results of these analyses support the view that river-borne, humic-rich colloids underwent two types of transformation upon mixing with the seawater end member. The first one resulted in an apparent increase in the abundance of LMW constituents and may be explained by coiling of the individual humic macromolecules. The second one resulted in an increase in the mean size measured in both the lower and higher colloidal size ranges, and may be explained by aggregation of colloids to form entities that were still mostly colloidal i.e., smaller than 0.4 µm. The LMW contribution to the bulk optical properties increased with increasing salinity. Very similar findings were obtained from simulated mixing experiments using a Nordic Reference NOM extract as a source of freshwater colloids. This indicates that changes in the molecular architecture and molar mass of river-borne colloids—not changes in their chemical nature—were responsible for the observed variations in the spectral characteristics of CDOM in this estuary. 相似文献
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采集九龙江河口表层和柱状沉积物样品,对表层沉积物中总砷、不同形态砷和其他重金属元素、有机质含量以及粒径等参数进行测定.分析了柱状沉积物中总砷和各形态砷的含量,结合沉积速率和响应因子,探讨总砷的污染累计特征.结果表明：（1）沉积物中检出的形态砷是As3＋和As5＋,未检出有机砷.（2）表层沉积物中总砷含量范围为10.03～11.29μg/g,河端总砷含量为11.28μg/g,高于海端总砷含量10.42μg/g.As3＋的含量范围为0.84～1.08μg/g,As5＋的含量范围为6.87～8.99μg/g;As5＋含量表现为河端（8.63μg/g）高于海端（7.31μg/g）,As3＋则不明显.（3）有机质含量是影响本区域表层沉积物中砷及其他重金属含量分布的重要因素,粒径与砷及其他重金属显著相关性不强,影响较小.（4）柱状沉积物中总砷含量范围为9.15～13.61μg/g,随深度的变化不明显,人为污染程度较轻.（5）柱状沉积物中As3＋含量介于2.45～5.35μg/g之间,As5＋含量范围为5.58～11.77μg/g,二者含量随深度的增加而降低. 相似文献
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海水中胶体有机碳的测定──高温燃烧法和紫外/过硫酸钾法的比较 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用切向超滤(cross-flow ultrafiltration)技术对海水中胶体有机碳(COC)和真溶解有机碳(UOC)进行了分离,并分别用高温燃烧法和紫外/过硫酸钾法对胶体有机碳和真溶解有机碳进行了测定。测定结果表明,切向超滤能定量分离海水中的胶体有机碳,高温燃烧法和紫外/过硫酸钾法对胶体有机碳和真溶解有机碳的测定结果没有明显的系统误差,表明这两种方法的氧化效率基本相同,胶体粒子的存在,对紫外/过硫酸钾法的氧化效率没有显着影响。 相似文献
20.
九龙江-河口表层水体营养盐含量的时空变化及潜在富营养化评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别于2012年9月、2013年1、6月,对九龙江两大支流北溪、西溪及河口区开展了3个航次的营养盐监测.研究结果表明,河口区表层水体溶解无机氮（DIN）、总磷（TP）和活性磷酸盐（PO4-P）质量浓度范围分别为0.13-17.35、0.14-1.00和0.00-0.38 mg/dm3,受上游输入和海水稀释作用,营养盐浓度由淡水端至海水端逐渐降低.北溪表层水体的DIN、TP和活性磷酸盐质量浓度范围分别为1.99-24.92、0.12-1.47和0.04-0.68 mg/dm3,受龙岩地区工农业生产及城市进程影响,由上游至下游逐渐降低.西溪表层水体的DIN、TP和活性磷酸盐质量浓度范围分别为2.74-20.61、0.14-0.92和0.02-0.37 mg/dm3,受上游农业生产和下游漳州地区人类活动影响,上下游的DIN质量浓度较高.此外,九龙江沿岸的人类活动可能影响了该地区水体中的溶解无机氮形态组成：北溪和西溪上游的NH4-N和NO3-N占比分别较高.水期分析表明,2013年1月的DIN浓度显著高于其他水期,而不同区域TP和活性磷酸盐的水期波动不尽相同.营养盐结构分析表明,九龙江总体处于磷限制状态,但在河口及北溪部分站位,CDIN/CPO4-P比值已达到适合浮游生物生长繁殖的水平.潜在富营养化程度评价表明,九龙江河口多数站位均处于N或P限制的富营养化级别,但由于N、P营养盐的绝对浓度较高,具有水华暴发的潜在风险. 相似文献