共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 906 毫秒
1.
在现场调查和钻探的基础上,采集了沐官岛水库库区3种典型底质(粉质粘土、泥质粉沙和中细砂)的原状/扰动土样和地表水样,然后分别采用静水土柱和动水水槽试验测定盐分的时-空变化规律,最后定量计算出不同底质盐分的释放通量,从而为该海湾水库蓄水初期水质的评价和预测提供了科学依据.土柱试验表明,在分子扩散作用下高盐分区主要集中在水-沉积物界面之上7.5 cm的范围内,7.5 cm之上的水体盐分较为均一,底质盐分释放通量按粉质粘土、中细砂、泥质粉沙的顺序递减,盐分释放通量符合负的幂指数形式,而且抽排界面之上高浓度水体对降低水体盐分含量效果显著.根据水槽模拟试验,风的吹拂会影响到界面之上水体盐分的分层,有利于海湾水库中盐分的混合作用. 相似文献
2.
为预测海湾水库沉积物盐分释放对库水咸化影响的持续时间,建立了描述沉积物孔隙水盐分剖面分布的非稳态数学模型,并优化选取模型的边界条件与关键参数(沉积物孔隙水盐分的扩散系数)。稳态与非稳态条件下沉积物盐分释放的对比分析表明,在计算污染沉积物对其上覆水水质的影响时间时,按非稳态释放更符合实际情况。非稳态盐分释放的计算结果表明,拟建沐官岛海湾水库沉积物中盐分释放对库水咸化的影响时间将大于600年,该影响时间远长于水库的寿命;表明在水库的整个生命周期内,均需要定期监测海湾水库底层水的盐分浓度,并需采取有效措施预防水体的突然泛咸,而不能仅在建库初期关注咸化问题。 相似文献
3.
为了探讨海湾水库蓄水初期单次往复水平密度流的产生与效应,进行砂质斜坡沉积物与水体之间盐分交换的水槽实验。通过沉积物孔隙水与其上覆水的多剖面电导率动态监测,分析盐分的时空分布特征,并计算深水区、浅水区和中心区的边界层单位面积含盐总量。实验结果显示,进水在浅水区沉积物表面产生明显的渗入-溢出现象,浅水区沉积物孔隙水盐分浓度显著低于中心区与深水区同一高度的盐分浓度,深水区初始底边界层含盐量与初始边界层下边界盐分浓度均为最高;这表明进水过程在倾斜沉积物表面产生了前进密度流,水流携带的盐分在坡底累积。水槽进满水后深水区边界层含盐总量与边界层下边界盐分浓度快速降低,并且浅水区表层沉积物孔隙水与深水区同一深度水体之间的盐分快速达到平衡;这表明蓄水初期在两者之间形成了返回密度流,从浅水区表层沉积物冲刷出的盐分在密度流作用下再次进入沉积物。为避免再次进入沉积物的盐分在后期继续影响水库泛咸,建议在蓄水结束后尽快实施坡底咸水排除方案。 相似文献
4.
针对中国北方海湾水库间歇来水、连续取水和沉积物动态释盐的特点,建立水量与盐分耦合的数学模型,以青岛拟建的沐官岛水库为例,探讨水位变化条件下混合型海湾水库库水盐分的影响因素、超标风险与达标条件。模拟结果表明,在水库水位连续降低条件下,毫米量级的日蒸发量对库水盐分的累积效应显著。在不利水文条件下,受沉积物释盐、水分蒸发与人工取水的影响,混合型海湾水库长期存在盐分超标的风险。与水位不变时相反,水位降低时库水盐分浓度随着取水量的增大而升高;因此,当库水盐分存在超标风险时,可以通过减少日取水量实现库水盐分达标。为保障安全供水,在海湾水库设计与运营管理阶段,均需要综合考虑水量-盐分因素进行水库的日取水量调算。 相似文献
5.
地下咸水与水库水体交换过程中沉积物胶体释放规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以天津滨海地区北大港水库为研究对象,采用室内柱试验,研究地下咸水与水库水体交换过程中不同位置沉积物胶体释放以及盐分释放/截留的动态特征,同时对沉积物胶体释放、盐分释放/截留机理进行了探讨。研究结果表明:水库不同位置地下咸水与水库水体交换过程中,盐分的归宿不同:接近水库入口处的沉积物能将盐分截留下来,而出水口沉积物却将盐分释放转移到水体。随孔隙体积数的增加,沉积物胶体累计释放量逐渐增加,入库口、库中心、出库口最大累计释放量分别为3.275 mg/g、0.386 mg/g和1.382 mg/g;胶体累计释放量随孔隙体积数的变化曲线符合直线型,胶体释放速率变化很小。盐分的释放或截留是沉积物颗粒的粒径、胶体含量、含盐量等多种因素作用的结果,水库水体与沉积物中的盐分处于动态平衡状态,当沉积物中含盐量高于平衡浓度时,其盐分会向水体中释放,同时吸附在胶体上的盐分也会随着胶体的释放而释放;反之,水体中的盐分会向沉积物中迁移被截留下来,沉积物粒径越小,越易吸附水中的盐分。胶体的释放规律可以用双电层理论得到很好的解释。 相似文献
6.
海洋沉积物中的N和P随沉积物的粒度由粗到细,含量逐渐升高,而Si则降低;积物中N、P、Si的含量还随海区、输入源、季节、动力学过程及生物生产过程不同而变化.控制海洋沉积物-海水界面N、P、Si沉积、释放及循环的因素,包括有机质和溶解氧的浓度、有机质中C、N、P、Si的相对比例、沉积物-海水界面附近的氧化还原环境、生物扰动、温度、水深、pH值、不同形态S的浓度、金属离子以及水动力条件等.一般其综合作用的表现是,沉积物-海水界面之间NH+4、PO3-4和Si(OH)4从沉积物向上覆水扩散转移,而硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的通量方向相反,通量的大小随着海区的不同差别较大. 相似文献
7.
在2015年春季(3月),采用实验室培养法对珠江口海域5个站位的沉积物样品进行了沉积物-水界面营养盐交换速率的实验。结果显示,河口区交换速率较大,海湾地区交换速率较小。NH~+_4、NO~-_3、PO_4~(3-)由沉积物向水体释放,NO~-_2由水体向沉积物迁移,交换速率均值分别为90.6μmol·d~(-1)·m~(-2)、106.9μmol·d~(-1)·m~(-2)、13.8μmol·d~(-1)·m~(-2)和-21.9μmol·d~(-1)·m~(-2)。NH~+_4、NO~-_3和NO~-_2在水体贫氧环境下的交换速率高于富氧条件下的交换速率,贫氧条件下沉积物是PO_4~(3-)的释放源,富氧条件下沉积物是PO_4~(3-)的汇。扰动条件下NH~+_4和PO_4~(3-)的交换速率都大于非扰动条件,但NO~-_3则相反。NO~-_3和NO~-_2的交换速率主要受沉积物-水界面浓度扩散影响,NH~+_4和PO_4~(3-)更多的受界面吸附-解吸控制;在增氧和扰动条件下由于沉积环境由强还原性向氧化性剧变,对沉积物-海水界面营养盐的交换影响比较复杂。与国内近岸海区相比,珠江口沉积物-水界面营养盐的交换速率处于中等水平。 相似文献
8.
沐官岛水库是一个拟建的河口海湾水库,库底为富含咸水的潮滩沉积物。这一特殊的地质及水环境条件直接关系到水库未来的水质安全和正常的调度运行,所以必须准确地确定水库水体中盐分空间分布这一关键问题。本文依据现场调查、钻探及室内实验资料,通过垂直方向线性插值技术,建立了沐官岛水库蓄水初期盐分运移准三维模型,模拟了水库蓄水初期在内源盐分释放影响下,库水盐分的演化过程。结果表明:若遇平水年开始蓄水,当蓄水至1.5m时,该层含盐量在平面上的变化范围主要在0.30~1.30g/L之间;当蓄水至4.5m时,该层含盐量在平面上的变化范围主要在0.30~1.55g/L。 相似文献
9.
10.
密云水库沉积物中磷释放的环境因子影响实验 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了探讨密云水库沉积物中磷的释放条件,在实验室模拟了改变溶解氧浓度、调节pH、温度等因素对磷释放的影响实验。结果表明:厌氧条件下沉积物中释放磷的总量是好氧条件下的10倍;上覆水pH值升高有利于沉积物中磷的释放;温度升高,沉积物中磷的释放强度随之增大。同时说明了水库内源性磷对水库水质存在着潜在威胁,为研究水库内源性磷对水质的影响和对水库富营养化趋势的预测提供了可靠的依据。 相似文献
11.
南海湖沉积物重金属形态分布及其对水质影响的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对包头市南海湖沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的形态、AVS和SEM、上覆水、上覆过滤水及沉积物间隙水重金属的系统分析，结合南海湖为黄河新成牛轭湖的特点，与黄河进行了对比，研究了重金属在固、液两相间的迁移转化规律，结果表明南海湖与黄河沉积物中重金属的残渣态非常接近，反映了沉积的同源性，Pb和Cd次生相则明显在南海湖发生富集，上覆水中重金属81.0%以上均结合在悬浮物上，南海湖水质长期Cu超标的现象是由沉积物的释放造成的，研究证明间隙水为重金属向上覆水迁移起到桥梁通道作用；有机络合物的络合作用超过AVS的沉淀作用，是导致Cu向水相扩散迁移的主导因子。 相似文献
12.
喀斯特山区溪流上覆水—孔隙水—沉积物中不同形态氮的赋存特征及其迁移——以麦西河为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
选取贵州百花湖入湖支流麦西河为对象,研究了上覆水—孔隙水—沉积物体系氮的形态差异,结果表明:麦西河上覆水中,以硝态氮(NO-3-N)为主,氨态氮(NH+4-N)次之,亚硝态氮(NO-2-N)最低;孔隙水中,溶解无机氮中以NH+4-N为主, NO-3-N次之, NO-2-N最低;沉积物中,总氮(TN)的含量为1110.67～4413.16mg/kg;固定态铵含量为34.56～170.05mg/kg,占TN的1.47%～6.25%;可交换态氮以NH+4-N为主, NO-3-N次之, NO-2-N最低。孔隙水NH+4-N是上覆水NH+4-N的2.65～19.51倍,上覆水NO-3-N是孔隙水NO-3-N的7.14～20.43倍。沉积物TN与孔隙溶解水无机氮(DIN)、孔隙水NH+4-N、沉积物可交换态氮和沉积物可交换性NH+4-N呈显著正相关;在沉积物中,可交换性NO-3-N与可交换性NH+4-N及可交换态氮呈显著正相关,可交换性NH+4-N与可交换态氮呈极显著正相关;孔隙水溶解无机氮与孔隙水NH+4-N呈极显著正相关。麦西河不同介质中氮的迁移关系则表现为:由于浓度梯度,上覆水中的NO-3-N扩散到孔隙水中,进而累积到沉积物中;沉积物的可交换性NH+4-N,进入孔隙水,最终扩散到上覆水中。 相似文献
13.
南海湖沉积物中Hg的形态分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以包头市南海湖为研究对象,采用连续化学提取法,系统开展了沉积物中Hg的形态分布研究。结果表明,表层沉积物中Hg含量的水平分布总体呈现湖心区低,西南和东北部湖区高的趋势。腐殖酸结合态为表层沉积物中Hg的主导形态,次为交换态和水溶态。表层沉积物中生物有效态Hg的含量甚高,占总汞的76%~94%,对整个生态系统具有潜在危害性。沉积柱芯中总Hg表现为表层富集并随深度增加而降低的变化趋势。B、F站位柱状沉积物中腐殖酸结合态Hg随深度有规律的递减,H站位20 cm以上Hg的主导形态为腐殖酸结合态,残渣态次之;20～30 cm的主导形态则为残渣态及可交换态。 相似文献
14.
Massive sediment deposition on the Mississippi River Delta establishes reducing conditions sufficient to bring about Mn dissolution in the top millimeters of sediment. As a result, significant fluxes of dissolved Mn pass from the Delta sediments to the overlying water column. This process is examined by study of chemical partitioning of Mn in river particulates and Delta sediments and from interstitial water chemistry. Remobilized Mn is actively transported away from the Delta area with aluminosilicate detritus thereby providing “excess” Mn to the deep Gulf of Mexico at the expense of the Delta sediments. 相似文献
15.
J. Alan RoebuckJr. G. Brooks Avery J. David Felix Robert J. Kieber Ralph N. Mead Stephen A. Skrabal 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2016,22(3):177-195
This study reports the first ethanol and acetaldehyde measurements in sediment porewaters collected at multiple freshwater locations. Ethanol concentrations ranged from 11 to 2535 nM and acetaldehyde concentrations ranged from 6 to 320 nM. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) was observed between ethanol concentrations and the percent organic carbon content of sediments (TOC). Porewater depth profiles at two sites within the same lake indicated potential diffusion of ethanol into sediments from the overlying water at a lower TOC site and upwards diffusion from sediment into the water column at a higher TOC site. Diffusion of water column ethanol into sediments was observed at individual sites from October to January, whereas the opposite was true from June to August indicating the seasonal variability of ethanol flux from sediments. Changes in ethanol concentrations during a long-term sediment incubation experiment showed an inverse relation with acetaldehyde concentrations. The lack of a quantitative conversion was likely due to other sources and sinks that control their abundance. Our study provided new information on the biogeochemistry of ethanol in freshwater sediments and shed light on the potential role of ethanol in the global carbon cycle. 相似文献
16.
Little work has been done on the influence of seiments on the basic chemical composition of overlying water mass.This paper deals with the vertical profile of the basic constituents such as Ca^ ,K^ ,Na^ ,and HCO3^-,as well as of pH in the overlying water mass and sediment porewater of Lake Lugu-a semi-closed,deep lake in Yunnan Province.The reand sediment porewater of Lake Lugu- a semi-closed,deep lake in Yunnan Province.The results revealed that those basic constituents may diffuse and transport from bottom sediments to overlying water mass through porewater.In the paper are also quantitatively evaluated the diffusive fluxes and the extent of their influence on overlying water mass,indicating that the lake sediment-water interface diffusion plays an important role in controlling the basic chemical composition of water in the whole lake. 相似文献
17.
Concentrations of dissolved nitrate, silicate, and phosphate in water flooding intertidal sediments at Pecks Cove and along the axis of Cumberland Basin, Bay of Fundy were measured throughout the year. Exchanges of dissolved nutrients between intertidal sediments and overlying water were measured by enclosing water in chambers over undisturbed sediment. Nitrate concentrations in the water usually decreased during incubations while silicate was released by sediments during summer and consumed during fall. Particles which settled in sediment traps exposed during periods of high tide were stirred in filtered seawater to measure nutrient exchange. The flux of nutrients between the intertidal sediments and settled particles and seawater was estimated from incubation experiments and the observed nitrogen content in surface sediments and suspended particulate material. There was a net import of dissolved nitrate and silicate into Cumberland Basin from Chignecto Bay during early summer, at all other times there was a net export. Despite the low primary productivity and rigorous physical environment, biological activity has a measurable impact on dissolved nutrient concentrations in the waters of Cumberland Basin. 相似文献
18.
Diffusive boundary layers (DBL), sediment oxygen flux, and natural passive flow through model macrofauna burrows were compared
in two benthic chambers: one with a conventional rotational stirrer and the other with a two-dimensional flow diffuser system.
Oxygen microprobe profiles showed that at similar velocities the mean diffusive boundary layer (DBL) thickness induced by
a conventional rotor stirrer (453±118 μm) was not significantly different to that produced by the diffuser system (403±53
μm). The rotor produced twice as much DBL spatial variability (coefficient of variation 27%) as the diffuser (CV 11%). Variability
between the rotor system’s DBL transect replicates was also two times greater (average CV of 22%) compared to the diffuser
(CV 14%). At equivalent stirring speeds over experimental sediments, mean O2 consumption rates were also not significantly different between the two systems. The diffuser induced consistently greater
(16–37%) passive Bernoullian flow through model macrofauna borrows irrespective of the position of inhalant-exhalent openings.
The rotor stimulated anomalous burrow flow regimes over a greater area of the chamber floor (36%) compared to the diffuser
(23%). Depending on vent orientation the rotor was shown to reverse (exhalent to inhalant) burrow flow regimes in the central
9% of the chamber floor. This artifact of radial pressure and velocity differentials may have severe implications for tube
dwelling infauna that rely on unidirectional flow. The diffuser system more closely mimicked natural two-dimensional water
flow over the sediment surface and structures therein and is likely to give more representative results when measuring benthic
processes within incubation devices. 相似文献
19.
波浪会促进海水中溶质向海底沉积物运移,但已有研究大多未考虑海床（海底沉积物）变形效应的影响。为揭示波浪作用下海床土变形对溶质运移过程的影响机制,构建了考虑海床土变形影响的溶质运移计算模型,对波浪作用下溶质向砂质海底沉积物中的运移过程进行模拟。结果表明:海床土变形会增大孔隙水流速,进而增大溶质纵向水动力弥散系数,增强溶质运移的机械弥散作用,促进溶质向沉积物中运移;考虑海床变形时的溶质最大纵向水动力弥散系数可达不考虑海床变形时的8.5倍,约为分子扩散系数的545倍;海床土剪切模量越小,土体变形效应越明显,对溶质运移过程的影响越大;海床土饱和度的降低,会进一步加速波浪作用下溶质向海底沉积物的运移过程。 相似文献