共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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三维激光扫描技术在滑坡物理模型试验中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大型滑坡物理模型试验中常采用高精度的特征点监测,缺少整体变形资料;而三维激光扫描技术可以高精度、快速、完整地扫描实物,获得海量的点云数据,构建实物的数字化模型,从而详细描述表面细部状况。将三维激光扫描技术引入到滑坡物理模型试验坡体表面整体变形监测中,通过数字仿真试验对点云数据4种变形测量方式进行了对比和评价,推导了点云数据单个扫描点的空间位置精度的评价模型,对点云密度进行了理论分析。通过滑坡物理模型试验实例,采用点云比较、重心法、点云叠加方法测量模型的整体变形和单个监测点的位移,对滑坡不同演化阶段变形特征进行了综合分析。研究表明:空间位置精度的评价模型、点云密度模型为三维激光扫描变形监测的测量成果评定,测量方案的优化设计提供了必要的理论基础。点云叠加、点云比较为面测量,可以获得整个模型坡面的变形和位移情况,测量模型的变形趋势和变形量级,重心法、拟合法则属于点测量,可以获得单个监测点准确的位移量。基于三维激光扫描技术坡面监测是结合点测量和面测量的优势,在保证高精度特征点监测同时,获得模型坡面的整体变形和位移。 相似文献
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在简述现代变形监测主要方法的基础上,着重阐述了基于车载激光扫描系统的变形监测方法,以灰色系统理论为基础推导了基于点云数据的滑坡变形监测模型,探讨了滑坡监测点选取方法。利用车载激光扫描系统对某区域进行滑坡监测,采用灰色模型方法对监测点数据进行分析预测。实验结果表明:利用车载激光扫描点云数据进行滑坡监测具有可行性。 相似文献
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机载激光雷达技术是一种利用激光对地表三维坐标精确信息进行采集的新型遥感技术。本文以长江三峡工程库区滑坡灾害调查和监测应用为主要研究目标,通过对试验区的机载激光雷达数据的获取和处理,得到了精度很高的机载激光雷达DEM产品,并从定性和定量两个方面进行了机载激光雷达技术滑坡调查和动态监测应用试验。研究表明机载激光雷达山体阴影图能够直观表达微地貌形态;机载激光雷达坡度和地表粗糙度图像能够提供精确的微地貌特征量;利用多期机载激光雷达数据进行滑坡动态监测,可以掌握一定时间段内滑坡体的变形趋势和特征,并精确测算变形量。 相似文献
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谢谟文;胡嫚;王立伟 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2013,24(4):85-92
近年来,三维激光扫描仪越来越多地被应用于滑坡变形监测领域以降低或减少滑坡灾害带来的风险。本文以云南省乌东德地区金坪子滑坡为例,运用三维激光扫描仪监测技术对处在库区的金坪子滑坡表面变形进行了监测与研究。传统的监测数据显示,该滑坡正以每年约30cm的高速度向前推动,运动的结果可能危及周边居民的人身财产安全以及乌东德水电站的运营。研究中激光扫描数据集由高精度和高密度的三维点云组成,分别从6个站点、3次采集得到,时间跨度25个月(从2009年5月~2011年7月)。滑坡表面变形通过按时间序列排列扫描数据集的比较得出。通过采用三种方法,DEM(数字高程模型)比较,断面比较与固定点比较,分析已经过前处理的点云数据集,从而分析得到监测结果。此外,滑坡的变形量也计算得到。研究介绍了激光三维点云处理的流程,探讨了将三维激光扫描监测技术应用于大型、有部分植被覆盖的滑坡监测的可能性,并将监测结果分析与GIS平台结合起来,结果帮助我们大概地、基本地对滑坡稳定性做出评价。三维激光扫描监测滑坡变形的应用为我们在存在高风险的大型滑坡变形监测提供了另一种直观和高效的方式。 相似文献
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为分析子长县阎家沟滑坡的变形特征,在2012年和2013年分3期对滑坡体进行了三维激光扫描。采用点云拼接、数据过滤、植被去除等技术手段,获取滑坡体在不同时期的DEM数据,基于多期DEM进行了滑坡整体变形分析,并通过多期点云数据的叠加及剖面生成,分析了滑坡局部及特征点的变形情况。分析结果表明,滑坡处于蠕动变形阶段,滑坡体前缘整体变形量在0.25~0.65 m/a;从2012年6月27日到2012年10月31日,滑坡体高程最大下降值为0.5 m;从2012年10月31日到2013年10月20日,滑坡体最大下错位移为1.2 m。三维激光扫描技术可精确的监测滑坡的表部变形情况,在滑坡变形监测中具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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基于BP神经网络的滑坡监测多源异构数据融合算法研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对滑坡监测中的多源异构数据融合问题,论文提出了一种基于BP神经网络的多源异构监测数据融合算法。该算法将影响滑坡变形的温度、湿度、风力、云量、单日降水量和累计降水量等多环境因子变量作为输入变量,以滑坡位移变化量数据作为期望输出数据,并利用各环境因子变量和滑坡位移变化量的相关性及显著性进行环境因子变量筛选,以提高算法的预测精度。论文采用甘肃省永靖县黑方台党川滑坡的实测数据进行了试验,结果表明:反向传播（Back-Propagation,BP）神经网络数据融合算法适用于具有多源异构监测数据的滑坡变形预测;在进行环境变量因子筛选后,BP神经网络数据融合算法的决定系数达到0.985,均方根误差（RMSE）达到0.4787 mm,从而有效提高了变形预测结果的精度。 相似文献
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介绍了基于无线通讯网络的GPS多天线监测系统的构成情况,包括系统设计、数据传输与管理、数据处理、数据质量分析和控制等。在公路边坡变形监测中的实际应用结果表明,该系统1 h测量精度已达到3.0 mm左右,既能自动连续地对滑坡变形进行监测,又能大幅度降低整个监测系统的费用,是滑坡等地质灾害变形监测的理想技术之一。 相似文献
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位移-时间曲线表征了滑坡变形状态及相对的稳定性程度,是监测滑坡变形和失稳预测至关重要的数据资料。目前所获取的滑坡变形全过程监测资料并不多,大多数是临滑前的短期监测资料,而一些突发型滑坡的变形监测资料更是难以收集。由此,滑坡位移-时间曲线簇的类型及分布特征的研究受到了数据资料不足的约束而难以开展,一些滑坡预警理论都是基于推断和理论分析的基础上而得出的,缺少数据支撑。本文通过物理模拟的办法,自行设计制作了变角度的物理模拟试验框架,开发完成了位移数据的自动采集系统,经一年多的试验测试,对试验设备软硬件及模型材料不断调整、优化,完成了7组12条位移-时间曲线的采集工作,从而获取了不同受力条件下斜坡的变形破坏的时间-位移曲线簇,为进一步的理论研究提供了科学的数据资料。 相似文献
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《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2019,351(7):508-516
Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is widely used because of its ability to quickly acquire high-density and high-precision 3D image and topographic data. However, it can only acquire independent coordinate system points, which restricts its application in large-scale deformation monitoring. In this study, we constructed a measurement system to acquire global coordinate point cloud data by combining TLS and GPS (Global Positioning System). The coordinate values of retro-reflective targets could be acquired in different coordinate systems, the GPS coordinate and the TLS station coordinate, synchronously. Our experiments showed that, after registration with the homonymy points acquired by 30-min short-baseline differential GPS using the ICP algorithm, the positional accuracy of the TLS retro-reflective target center in the global coordinate was better than 10 mm. This high precision meets, for instance, the requirements of coal mining subsidence monitoring. We used our new combined measurement system to acquire and process the point cloud data of a frame structure. The measurements demonstrated the practicability and robustness of the new measurement system. 相似文献
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In order to overcome the shortage that point-based data acquisition techniques cannot retrieve the whole basin subsidence caused by underground mining, and to avoid complex splicing of terrestrial 3D laser scanner (TLS) point cloud data and the errors caused by such splicing, GPS/TLS combined technology is employed for mining subsidence monitoring. The basic idea of the monitoring technology is put forward. In this article, an application of the method to a coal mining area in China is presented. Support vector machine (SVM) model for GPS level conversion in the mining area is established, and a comparative analysis of SVM, BP neural network and polynomial established local quasi-geoid in the mining area is conducted. Ground surface digital elevation model (DEM) of the mining area is established by using TLS point cloud data, and the ground surface dynamic subsidence basin is obtained through a subtraction of two DEMs. The results indicate that the quasi-geoid established by using SVM model features a relatively high level of stability and accuracy and that the established mining surface DEM and subsidence basin can provide the fundamental data for the reconstruction of ecological environment in the mining area. GPS/TLS combined monitoring technology is a new monitoring technology, which entangles the advantages of both GPS and TLS and could offset their disadvantages, thus obtaining complementary advantages. According to analysis on its application in the mining area, we conclude that the technology is feasible and has a great application prospect for the mining area purposes. 相似文献
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Reservoir characterization needs the integration of various data through history matching, especially dynamic information
such as production or four-dimensional seismic data. To update geostatistical realizations, the local gradual deformation
method can be used. However, history matching is a complex inverse problem, and the computational effort in terms of the number
of reservoir simulations required in the optimization procedure increases with the number of matching parameters. History
matching large fields with a large number of parameters has been an ongoing challenge in reservoir simulation. This paper
presents a new technique to improve history matching with the local gradual deformation method using the gradient-based optimizations.
The new approach is based on the approximate derivative calculations using the partial separability of the objective function.
The objective function is first split into local components, and only the most influential parameters in each component are
used for the derivative computation. A perturbation design is then proposed to simultaneously compute all the derivatives
with only a few simulations. This new technique makes history matching using the local gradual deformation method with large
numbers of parameters tractable. 相似文献
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变形是地下结构施工安全状态的重要评价指标。针对数据驱动变形预测方法中地下施工动态影响因素难以量化这一问题,提出了基于控制区间牵引算法的地下施工变形预测模型。以双向长短时记忆网络（Bi-LSTM）对变形监测时间序列进行预测,以数值模拟在关键施工阶段处的结果为牵引点。根据实测值随阶段更新牵引点,并基于注意力机制双向长短时记忆网络（Bi-LSTM-AM）以牵引点修正数据驱动模型在控制区间的预测结果,实现更准确、更智能的地下施工变形预测。设置牵引相对权重,使模型可自适应判断当前合理牵引程度,准确融合了Bi-LSTM与数值模拟的结果。通过相关历史案例与数据,验证了牵引预测模型的有效性。依托西安市西咸新区丰镐三路地下通道上跨地铁1号线自动化监测实例,采用牵引算法预测了地下结构变形。结果表明：在关键施工阶段处,牵引作用改善了数据驱动预测方法存在的滞后问题,各阶段误差平均降低了24.34%;不断优化的牵引点逐渐趋近真值,降低了数值模拟出现偏差时造成的影响。该方法可为地下施工变形预测问题提供新途径。 相似文献
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为了快速地获取施工过程中地下厂房区域的变形分布,在利用建立的三维地质模型的基础上,根据设计资料在地质模型中加入地下厂房模型和监测仪器模型,并根据设计资料的特征,设计了一套三维监测仪器图例,提出了基于设计资料快速加入仪器模型的方法。根据建立好的地质体地下厂房监测模型,进一步结合了基于监测仪器、三维地层、结构面的三维空间位置分布情况,充分利用监测仪器监测到的变形数据,进行了地下厂房变形分布的方法研究。根据监测仪器、地层和结构面的空间信息,改进了Shepard（谢别德）插值方法,使得变形分布插值更加趋近于真实。针对糯扎渡地下厂房工程实例,检验了方法的可行性。 相似文献
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依据实际工程边坡案例,研究利用施工监测资料联合边坡稳定分析三维数值模拟确定临危边坡锚固方案的方法。研究表明,根据连续的监测资料可确定边坡内部剪切位移带的位置、发生区间和开始时间,据此可推测边坡潜在滑移面的位置和形状;边坡稳定分析有限元法三维模拟可以考虑坡体断面形态变化对坡体稳定和变形的影响,计算结果更具有合理性;以三维数值计算得到的坡体外部变形拟合实测变形和滑动面,依据临危边坡所处的极限平衡条件,可以确定坡体当前状态的等效力学参数;根据等效力学参数,通过三维模拟可以确定坡体最终形态下的潜在滑动面形状和位置,从而合理地确定加固锚索的长度和密度;工程运行情况表明,由此确定的加固方案是可靠的。 相似文献
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Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) monitoring has been used to estimate the location, volume, and kinematics of a variety of small magnitude rockfalls before failure (1–1000 m3 range), and in some cases, potential failure time has been assessed through the application of inverse velocity methods. However, our current understanding of rock slope pre-failure behavior for this magnitude range and prediction ability is based on observations of a small number of failure case histories. In this study, a pre-failure deformation database was constructed for rockfall volumes exceeding 0.1 m3, observed over a 1252-day study interval at the Goldpan rock slope, British Columbia, Canada, in order to better understand the pre-failure behavior of rock slopes and provide an empirical means of estimating temporal failure ranges. Repeated TLS datasets were acquired at an average scanning interval of 2–3 months. A total of 90 rockfall events were recorded at this site, during this time period, of which 64 (71%) exhibited measurable deformation prior to failure. Classification of rockfalls by volume suggests that a scale dependency may exist, as deformation was detected for a greater proportion of rockfalls >?5 m3 (92%) than for smaller rockfalls in the range of 0.1–0.5 m3 (61%). A lower rate of pre-failure deformation detection was also reported for planar sliding failures as compared with wedge or toppling failures, suggesting that deformation was less easily detected for these failure types. This study proposes and implements a framework for rockfall assessment and forecasting that does not require continuous monitoring of deformation. 相似文献
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Data inadequacy is a common problem in designing or updating groundwater monitoring systems. The developed methodologies for the optimal design of groundwater monitoring systems usually assume that there is a complete set of data obtained from existing monitoring wells and provide a revised configuration for the system by analyzing the current data. These methodologies are not usually applicable when the current groundwater quantity and quality data are highly sparse. In this paper, a new simulation–optimization approach based on Bayesian maximum entropy theory (BME) is proposed for revising spatial and temporal monitoring frequencies in a sparsely monitored aquifer. The BME is used to simulate the spatial and spatiotemporal variations of groundwater indicators, incorporating the space/time uncertainties due to insufficient data. Comparing the obtained estimations with observations, the best BME model was selected to be linked with an optimization model. The main goal of optimization was to find out the spatial and temporal sampling characteristics of the monitoring stations using the concepts of Entropy theory and a groundwater vulnerability index. The results show the BME estimations are less biased and more accurate than Ordinary Kriging in both spatial and spatiotemporal analysis. The improvements in the BME estimates are mostly related to incorporating hard (accurate) and soft (uncertain) data in the estimation process. The applicability and efficiency of the proposed methodology have been evaluated by applying it to the Tehran aquifer in Iran which is suffering from high groundwater table fluctuations and nitrate pollution. Based on the results, in addition to the existing monitoring wells, seven new monitoring stations have been proposed. Few stations which potentially can be removed or combined with other stations have been identified and a monthly sampling frequency has been suggested. 相似文献
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In this study we show the application of a long-range Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) to a detailed rockfall study in a test zone at Vall de Núria, located in the Eastern Pyrenees. Data acquisition was carried out using TLS-Ilris3D, the new generation of reflector-less laser scanners with a high range, accuracy and velocity of measurements. Eight scans were performed at 3 stations to acquire coordinates of almost 4 million points. The results from the acquired data are a high accuracy Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and the reconstruction of the joint geometry. The former is used for inventory of rockfalls and for more accurate rockfall simulation (trajectories and velocities). The latter allows us to model the geometry and volume of the source area in recent rockfalls. Our findings suggest that TLS technology could be a tool of reference in rockfall studies in the near future. 相似文献